GUILLAUME D'OCKHAM : SOMME DE TOUTE LA LOGIQUE (Résumé & Analyse)

Ockham (Guillaume d'), Le rasoir d'Ockham: «Aucune pluralité ne doit être posée sans nécessité». Commentez cette citation.

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Histoire de la pensée chrétienne

||MOTS-CLES: La patristique, SAINT AUGUSTIN, La Cité de Dieu, De la trinité, BOÈCE, GRÉGOIRE LE GRAND, Cassiodore, scolastique, Jean Scot Érigène, LA QUEREllE DES UNIVERSAUX, Saint Anselme de Canterbury, Albert le Grand, Saint Thomas d'Aquin, saint Thomas d'Aquin, saint Bonaventure, John Duns Scot, Guillaume d'Ockham, Dante Alighieri, etc...||...

Biographie de OCCAM (Guillaume d').

  Né à Ockham (Surrey) en 1270, mort à Munich en 1347. Il fut surnommé le docteur invincible, le docteur unique. II fut l'élève de Duns Scot à Paris, et y enseigna lui-même. Il fit à Oxford, en 1319, une série de cours sur l'oeuvre de Pierre Lombard, et entra en conflit avec Jean XXII sur...

Encyclopedia of Philosophy: LANGUAGE- DuNS Scotus

||Scotus' tendency to restrict the field of operation of philosophy is carried further by his successor, William Ockham. William, like Scotus a Franciscan friar, came from the village of Ockham in Surrey; he was born about 1285 and studied at Oxford shortly after Scotus had left it. He lectured on the Sentences from 1317...

Encyclopedia of Philosophy: OCKHAM'S POLITICAL THEORY

||Ockham's summons to Avignon did not lead to a condemnation for heresy, even though a commission spent several years examining his Commentary on the Sentences. However, his time there did give a wholly new turn to his career. The Pope of the time, John XXII, was in conflict with the Franciscan Order on two...

Encyclopedia of Philosophy: The Oxford Calculators

||When Ockham died of the Black Death in Munich in 1349 it was a quarter of a century since he had left Oxford. During the period, the University had become the unquestioned intellectual centre of scholastic philosophy. It would be wrong to envisage it simply as a battleground for warring schools of thought, Thomists...

Encyclopedia of Philosophy: The Renaissance

Vaste mouvement d'ouverture culturelle, la Renaissance est marquée par un abandon des valeurs féodales au profit des valeurs de l'humanisme : ouverture sur l'Europe et notamment sur l'Italie, réactualisation des valeurs antiques. L'épanouissement intellectuel, encouragé par François ler et par sa soeur Marguerite de Navarre, touche tous les domaines, aussi bien la médecine que l'astronomie, la poésie, etc....

Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Albert of Saxony

Albert accepts Ockham's conception of the nature of a sign. He believes that signification rests on a referential relation of the sign to the individual thing, and that the spoken sign depends for its signification on the conceptual sign. He follows Ockham again in his conception of universals and, for the most part, in his theory...

Aristotelianism, medieval

||Although there are many possible definitions, 'medieval Aristotelianism' is here taken to mean explicit receptions of Aristotle's texts or teachings by Latin-speaking writers from about AD 500 to about AD 1450. This roundabout, material definition avoids several common mistakes. First, it does not assert that there was a unified Aristotelian doctrine...

Biel, Gabriel

Biel was the last great systematizer of scholastic theology and philosophy. Not noted for originality, he sought to produce a synthesis of the work of his predecessors. His thought is pervasively religious; a profound sense of the freedom of God's will is basic to his perspective. He followed Ockham and Duns Scotus in emphasizing the sheer contingency of things. Nature, morality...

Burley, Walter

Active in the first half of the fourteenth century, Burley received his arts degree from Oxford before 1301 and his doctorate in theology from Paris before 1324. At one time a fellow of Merton College, he - along with Thomas Bradwardine, Richard Kilvington and others - became a member of the household of Richard de Bury, Bishop of Durham and served...

Chatton, Walter

Chatton was an English philosopher and theologian who developed a detailed critique of the work of William of Ockham, causing the latter to revise some of his earlier writings. Chatton was also at times an opponent of Peter Aureol and Richard of Campsall; he generally, though not always, followed John Duns Scotus and responded to his critics. He is known also...

Existence

<p>In common usage,&nbsp;<strong>existence</strong>&nbsp;is the world we are aware of through our&nbsp;<a title="Sense" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sense">senses</a>, and that persists independently without them. In academic&nbsp;<a title="Philosophy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy">philosophy</a>&nbsp;the word has a more specialized meaning, being contrasted with&nbsp;<a title="Essence" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essence">essence</a>, which specifies different forms of existence as well as different&nbsp;<a title="Identity (philosophy)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_(philosophy)">identity</a>&nbsp;conditions for objects and properties. Philosophers investigate questions such as "What exists?"...

Commentaire de texte Guillaume d&#8217;Ockham, Court traité du pouvoir tyrannique, trad. J. F. Spitz, PUF, 1999, pp 106-107

<p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <div> <p><strong>Guillaume d&rsquo;Ockham, <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Court trait&eacute; du pouvoir tyrannique</span>, trad. J. F. Spitz, PUF, 1999, pp 106-107</strong></p> <p><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>Le texte qui est soumis &agrave; notre analyse est l'extrait du chapitre VII<a href="#_ftn1">[1]</a> du Premier Livre du <em>Court trait&eacute; du pouvoir tyrannique, </em>trad. J. F. Spitz, PUF, 1999, &eacute;crit sous la plume de Guillaume d'Ockham. Franciscain anglais, th&eacute;ologien, logicien et philosophe,...