Devoir de Philosophie

Swift Biography

Publié le 30/10/2012

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I) The famous Irishman Jonathan Swift was a satirist, political journalist, and churchman. He has done many prose works and was very politically involved, writing for both the Whigs and the Tories. First, he was born in Dublin in 1667, Ireland to an Irish father and an English mother. His father died seven months before he was born and his mother returns to England leaving Jonathan at a very young age to be erase by his uncle. He received his education from Kilkiny College in Dublin University, which is now known as Trinity College, where he also received his bachelor's degree in 1686. He was studying for his master's degree in Ireland when a wins political changed a rounding the glorious revolution forced him to return to England in 1688. He took a job as a secretary and personal assistant to the English diplomat Sir William Temple who lived in Moor Park. Here, too, he met Esther Johnson the daughter of Temple's housekeeper, the future Stella whom he wrote verses, poems and letters. They say that Stella and Swift were secretly married in 1716, but they did not live together. It was friendship that Swift always expressed in speaking of Stella, not romantic love, but who knows? In temple's house, Swift ga...

« II)    S wift's first m a j o r  p r o s e  w o rk ,   A Tal e  o f  a Tu b , d e m o n strat e s  m a n y  of  the  th e m e s  and  te c hni q u e s  h e  w o ul d   e m p l o y  in hi s  lat er w o r k.

 It i s  r e all y  pla yful and funn y  b ut p o i nt e d  and c r iti c al. T h e   Tal e   r e c o unts the  e x p l o its o f  thr e e   s o n s,  r e p r e s e ntin g  th e  C h r i stianity, wh o  r e c e i v e  a c o at e a c h,  with th e  in stru cti o n s  to m a k e  n o  c h an g e s .

 H o w e v e r,  th e   s o n s  s o o n  find that th e ir c o ats ha v e  fall e n  o ut of  c ur r e nt fas hi o n, and  b e g i n to l o o k  f or  loopholes  in th ei r fath e r's   will that will l et th e m  m a k e  th e  n e e d e d  c h an g e s .

 Eac h  o f  th e m  tr yin g  to find a s o l uti on  to c o n vi n c e  th e ir fath e r,  th e y   stru g g l e  with e a c h  ot h e r  f or  p o w e r  and  d o m i nan c e .    T e m p l e  wa s  e n ga g e d  in writin g  hi s  m e m o i r s  and  p r e parin g  s o m e  o f  h i s  e s s a y s  f or pu b li c ati on, and  h e  ha d  S wift a ct   as  a ki n d  o f  s e c r etar y. Ind e e d,  s wift ha d  hi s  c o nf i d e n c e  and  the  s a m e  p o l iti c al o p i ni o n s  and  that’s  wh y  h e  as k e d  hi m   fo r h e l p.  In 17 0 8,   Jo hn Partrid g e   pu b li s h e d  p o p ular   astrol o g i c al   pr e di cti o n s  wh e r e  h e  d et er m i n e d  th e  d e aths  o f  m a n y  c h ur c h   offi c ial s. S wift atta c k e d  Jo hn in   Pr e d i cti o n s  f or  th e  f oll o wi n g  Y e ar   b y   Isaa c  Bi c k e r staff , a par o d y  pr e di ctin g  that   Jo hn w o ul d  di e  o n  Mar c h  2 9.

 S wift fol l o w e d  u p o n  Mar c h  3 0,  b y  writin g  in s o m e  pa m p h l ets  that Partri d g e  ha d  in   fa ct di e d,  whil e  h e  di d n’t.  Drapi e r's  L ette rs   ( 172 4 )  wa s  written b y  S wift and  it’s  a s e r i e s  of  pa m p h l et s a gain st th e   m o n o p o l y   g rant e d  b y  th e   En gl i s h  g o v e r n m e nt to   Willia m  Wo o d   to p r o vi d e  th e  Iris h with   copper coinage . T h e s e  l ette rs  w e r e  s o  c o n vi n c i n g   that a r e ward  wa s  off e r e d  b y  th e  g o v e r n m e nt to an y o n e  wh o  tell s  th e  tru e  i d e ntity o f  th e  auth o r.

 S wift r e c all e d  thi s  as   o n e  o f  hi s  b e st a c hi e v e m e nts.  G u lli v e r's  Tra v e l s  wa s  p u bl i s h e d  in 1 7 2 6.

 It’s r e g ard e d  as  h i s  m a st er pi e c e .

 Li ke  hi s  ot h e r  writin g s ,  it   wa s  p u bl i s h e d   und e r  a p s e u d o n y m ,  th e  fi cti onal L e m u e l  G u l li v e r.

 It i s  a g r e at and  s o p hi sti cat e d  s atir e  o f  h u m a n  natur e  ba s e d  o n   S wift's e x p e r i e n c e  o f  h i s  ti m e s .

  G ul li v e r' s  T ra v e l s   i s  an anat o m y  o f  hu m an  natur e  and  s o c i ety. Ea c h  o f  th e  f our b o o k s ,   r e c o untin g  fo ur v o y a g e s ,  ha s  a diff e r e nt st or y  and th e m e ,  b ut all ar e  atte m pts  to d e p r e c i at e  h u m a n pr i d e .  In 1 7 2 9,  S wift pu b li s h e d   A M o d e st Pr o p o s al   fo r Pr e v e ntin g  th e  C h i l dr e n  o f  Po o r  Pe o p l e  in Irelan d B e i n g  a c h ar g e   o n  T h e i r  Par e nts,   a   satir e   wh e r e  the  narrat o r, r e c o m m e n d s  that Ireland's  p o o r  o n e s  e s c a p e  th e ir p o v e rt y  b y  s e l lin g  th e ir   c h i l dr e n  as  f o o d  to th e  ri c h.

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