anadi ɣef tugniwin n uɣanib

« Tasdawit Lmulud At Mԑemmer Tizi Wezzu ANADI DEG TESNAMKA AZWEL : TUGNIWIN N UΓANIB AGRAW : 02 TASEKLA IMNADIYEN : MADI TANINNA MEZYAC YASMIN LAMURI SIFAKS Tazwert : Tugniwin n uɣanib, d tugniwin yellan seg zman aqdim, i nessaxdam deg tutlayt n yal ass ; inagmayen bdan ttarran lwelha-nsen ɣur-s seg zik am unadi i yaxddem "Aristote " deg lqarn wis 05 uqbel talalit n sidna ɛissa ,deg lqarn 19 anda yenarna unadi deg tusna-agi tugniwin n uɣanib i wumi qarren " Tasenɣanibt ". Tagi tella ula deg tutlayin niḍen ula d tantala taqbaylit ur tt-tezgil ara .

Nessexdam tugniwin n uɣanib ama deg lhedra n yal ass ama deg yenzan neɣ deg wayen d-ǧǧan imenza ama d timucuha neɣ d isefra d tewsatin nniḍen . Ihi anadi-agi-nneɣ , ad d-yawwi ɣef tugniwin uɣanib yellan deg tentala taqbaylit . Tuttriwin : anadi-agi-nneɣ ad yeεreḍ ad d-yerr ɣef iseqsiyen-agi : - acu d amezruy n tusna agi n uɣanib ? - acu-ten lesnaf n tugniwin uɣanib Yella ? - acu d azal i s3an-t imi t-nessemras ? Talalit n tmiḍrant n tsenɣanibt d unerniines : tasenɣanibt d awal uddis ger tusna akked uɣanib, d tusna n uɣanib s tefrensist « stylistique » . tasenɣanibt, d tamiḍrant i d-ilulen deg taggara n lqern wis 19 d tazwara n lqern wis 20 , maca laṣel-is yezmer ad yuɣal ugar ɣer deffir ɣer tesnukyest « rhétorique » n zik iwumi yessers umusnaw agriki « Aristote » imenzayen-is deg udlis yura : « la rhétorique et la poétique » ( tasnukyest, tadyizt) .

Mi tennusra tesnukyest teǧǧa amḍiq i tsenɣanibt i d-yewwin seg-s kra n tugniwin d talɣiwin n uɣanib. Asmi d-tebda, inadiyen i d-yellan fell-as cudden akk ɣer tesnilest i yennernan deg tmurt n Lalman, ur d-telhi ara d tsekla.

Aseqdec n yisem-is yebda-d deg tagara n lqern wis 19 deg Lalman , Fransa d Legliz ; maca deg tutlayt tafrensist i d-tlul s wudem unṣib ɣer unagmay n tesnilest « Cherles Bally » deg « précis de la stylistique Française » deg useggas 1905, syin deg useggas 1909 deg « traité de stylistique française ». Seg iseggasen 40 n lqern yezrin d asawenn , bdan inagmayen ttnadin amej ara skecmen tamiḍrant-agi deg tutlayt taseklant, degmi i d-tennulfa tsenɣanibt b wawalen n tenfalit s tutlayt taseklant ( stylistique de moyens d'expression en langue littéraire) .

wid d-yufraren deg tallitnni : Jules Marouzeau (1941) akked Marcel Cressot (1947). Deg taggara n yiseggasen n 80 d tasawent , tizrawin akk i yexdem Georges Molinie deg tsenɣanibt tasnamkant ( la sémio-stylistique) wwint-d igumma-nsent acku iban-d wassaɣ i yezdin tasenɣanibt d tesnamka deg yedlisen d yeḍrisen iseklanen. Tibadutin : Tugna(figure): D tanfalit yeddsen s ubrid ixulfen tuddsa n tenfalit n yal ass.

Llan sin n leṣnaf n tugniwin: Tid yeqqnen ɣer talɣa( aman yimesli, ama n wawal, ama n tefyirt) d tid n yeqqnen ɣer unamek Aɣanib: Nezmer ad d-nini d akken aɣanib d awal d agetnamekay, yekcem deg waṭas n taɣulin d wannaren. Deg unamek n tsekla tafransist, awal aɣanib (style) yulɣ-d seg wawal altini “stilus” i dyemmalen allal n tira, ihi nezmer ad d-nini belli laṣel-is yesbeyyin-d amahil n tira. Awal n uɣanib yella deg tulmisin n yal tawsit taseklant, deg umedya wid akk yettarun ɣas kif kif acu ttarun maca yal amaru yesɛa amek ara d-yaru tikti-nni temxallaf ɣef umaru nniḍen ihi d winna i d aɣanib d ayen akken yettaǧan aḍris ad yemgarad ɣef uḍris nniḍen xas yiwet n tekti i d-sselfalayen deg sin neɣ ad nẓer tallit deg ayed yella, George Moliné d Pierre Canné fkanas tabadut:" Aɣanib yettili deg tira, d ajerred n wayen yellan deg yiman, d tireḍt n tewsit neɣ n tallit" Nezmer daɣen ad d-nini d akken aɣanib d abrid ttawin yimyura akken ad d-snulfun w ad dinin ayen bɣan deg uḍris Tugniwin n uɣanib : D aswir ԑlayen n tutlayt, llant deg tmeslayt-nneɣ n yal ass, yessemras-itent win yettmeslayen akked win yettarun akken ad yessiweḍ izen d unamek akken iwata diɣ akken ad d-yefk tahuski i wawal-ines ad d-yejbed tamuɣli n yemdanen neɣ n yimeɣriyen ɣer wayen i d-yeqqar. Tugniwin n uɣanib nettaf-itent ugar deg tmedyazt, timseԑraq, inzan, uḍris n uglam d tewsatin nniḍen. Anawen n tugniwin n uɣanib: Tugniwin n uɣanib nezmer ad tent-nebḍu ɣer ukkuẓ n taggayin alḥsab n uswir ideg ten-nettaf ama deg yimesli,awal, taseddast, anamek neɣ tidmi 1.Tugniwin n tmenna: tigi tezzint ɣef ubeddel n wawalen, ama d imesli-ines ama d anamek-is; seg tigi ad d-naf: 1.a: tawaksa n yimeslic: Yemmeslay-d fell-as BOUAMARA: " tawaksa n yimeslic tezmer ad tili ɣer tazwara n wawal , talemmast-is neɣ ɣer taggara-s " 1.a.1: taksezwert (aphérèse) : D tuksa n imeslic deg tazwara n wawal Md : dda deg umkan n dadda nna deg umkan n nanna 1.a.2 : taklemmast ( élision ): d tuksa n yimeslic alemmas n wawal Md : zemm deg wadeg n zemmem takkuct deg wadeg n takekkuct 1.a.

3 : takesdeffirt ( opocope ): d tuksa n imeslic aneggaru n wawal Md : ufiɣ-tt deg tala teԑğeb-i deg umkan n teԑğeb-iyi wi bedden yeqqim yura wi deg umkan n win 1 .b : tasergelt ( allitération ) : d allus n yiwet n tergalt aṭas n tikkal deg tefyirt Md : tufeg tnafxa deg tnaṣif : deg tefyirt-agi tԑawd-d tergalt "f " i tecbeḥ teqbaylit : d targalt " t " i d-yulsen deg tefyirt-agi 1 .c : taseɣrit ( assonance ): d allus n tiɣri deg yiwet n tefyirt Md: iceqqeq yefsex yigenni : deg tefyirt-agi d tiɣri "i" i d-yulsen ma deg-m siwa ajeɣlal : d tiɣri "a" i d-yulsen tasergelt d tseɣrit ttakent cbaḥa d uẓawan i tefyirt 1 .d :tamisemt ( panoromase ): d tunuɣt yessdukkulen sin n wawalen yettemcabin deg yimesli maca mxallafen deg unamek yella deg tenfaliyin n tutlayt ( expressions idiomatiques) am : ur yewwi ur yerri , i lferḥ d lqerḥ ; yella diɣ deg yinzan : azekka d aẓekka neɣ deg tsiryin i d-ğğan yimusnawen , md: yenna-as Ccix Muḥend Ulḥusin : " amsaysi leԑmer yendim 2.

Tugniwin n tseddast : d tid yeqqnen ɣer wassaɣen yellan ger wawalen deg tseddart , amek mqabalen d wamek myekcamen wa deg wa 2 .a: allus d aԑiwed n wawal ugar n tikkal deg tseddart, yebḍa ɣef kraḍ n tewsatin : 2 .a.

1 : amsales n tazwara ( anaphore ): mi ara d-yettuɣal wawal deg tazwara n yal tafyirt. Md : Γas ad awḍeɣ lqifar Γas lekwaɣeḍ ad ssusmen Γas ԑerqent-iyi tɣemmar Γas ad kkawen idammen 2 .a.

2 : amsales n tagara ( épiphore) : d tulsa n wawal deg taggara n yefyar Md : A win yessexdamen awal acu tḍemԑeḍ deg tsusmi Akken i yella yir awal I tella yir tasusmi teẓriḍ i ixeddem wawal teẓriḍ i txeddem tsusmi ma yexḍa swab i wawal ma ad yili swab deg tsusmi 2 .a.

3 : amsales uddis (redition) : awal yellan deg tazwara n tefyirt yettuɣal-d deg taggara-s. Md : Ruḥ Nadia ruḥ lqum yettabaԑ lqum 2 .a.

4 : l'anadiphase : d allus n wawal aneggaru n tefyirt deg tazwara n tefyirt id d-iteddun deffir-s. Md : lekbed yurew-d lbaṭel lbaṭel d bab-s n lxuf lxuf yurew-d tirrugza tirrugza teɣleb-itent akk tamurt tefreḥ-am tegga-am tameɣra tameɣra d tefsut temlal 2 .a.

5 : amsadeɣ : d allus n yiwen n lqaleb aseddasan deg waṭas n tefyar Md: taԑrurt ur telsi; taԑebbuḍt ur terwi; tamezduɣt d ifran tamusni ur telli; tudert d ilili; werğin i thennan 2 .b: tanɣafeqt (oxymore) : d asdukkel n wawalen inemgalen neɣ mgaraden deg unamek ur nennum ara nesdukkul-iten deg umeslay Md : ad am-sğuğgeɣ ssmayem adfel yeḥman 2 .c : tameqlubt ( inverssion): d tunuɣt ideg asezwer n wawalen yenneqlab neɣ yerwi d acu kan anamek ur ibeddel ara. Md : ad fell-as yaԑfu Rebbi deg umkan ad yeԑfu Rebbi fell-as a tuzyint fell-am deg umkan : fell-am a tuzyint 2 .d : timlellit : mi ara neqleb isekkilen n yiwen n wawal maca anamek ad yeqqim d yiwen Md : iḥeckulen iḥelkucen 3.

tugniwin n unamek : 3 .a : tumnayt (.... »