EICHHORN, EMIL
Publié le 22/02/2012
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EICHHORN, EMIL (1863–1925), politician; served as Berlin's* police chief
during the November Revolution.* Born in Ro¨hrsdorf near Chemnitz, he was a
mechanic in a metalworking factory before becoming a paid official with the
SPD. Serving concurrently in the Baden Landtag (1901–1909) and the Reichstag*
(1903–1912), he was initially counted among the SPD's moderates, but
gravitated toward the radicals. During the war he organized illegal publications
for the Party opposition and in 1917 split with the SPD to head the press bureau
for the new USPD. In the war's last months he assisted the Soviet press agency.
Only once did Eichhorn break the bounds of the rank-and-file official, and
thereby the history of the Republic's early months is inseparably connected with
his name. Serving from 9 November 1918 as Berlin's Commissar for Public
Safety, he aided the antigovernment intrigues of the city's radicals. On 4 January
1919, by resisting his own dismissal, he triggered the Spartacist Uprising.* The
unexpectedly brutal response of the government against those who stood by
Eichhorn left the new KPD prostrate and, with the murders of Rosa Luxemburg*
and Karl Liebknecht,* leaderless; Eichhorn went into hiding until August 1919.
Elected consecutively to the National Assembly* and the Reichstag, Eichhorn
joined the KPD when the USPD split in October 1920. He was among only a
handful of prewar Social Democrats who remained with the KPD for an extended
period.
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