WALTER, BRUNO
Publié le 22/02/2012
Extrait du document
WALTER, BRUNO, born Bruno Walter Schlesinger (1876–1962), conductor;
the last great exponent of German romanticism. Born in Berlin,* he began studying
music* at the Stern Conservatory in that city when he was eight. Although
he gave a piano recital at age nine, the next year he decided on a conducting
career. He was engaged at seventeen by the Cologne Opera and went to Hamburg
in 1894 to work with Mahler (who advised that he drop the name Schlesinger).
After conducting briefly in Breslau, Pressburg (now Bratislava), and
Riga, he returned to Berlin in 1900 and then joined Mahler at Vienna's Court
Opera in 1901; in 1911 he took Austrian citizenship. After Mahler's death,
Walter premiered the composer's Das Lied von der Erde (The song from the
earth) and the Ninth Symphony. During 1913–1922 he directed the Munich
Opera (his ‘‘most beautiful and most rewarding'' years), premiering Hans Pfitzner's*
Palestrina in 1917 and launching the Mozart-Wagner festivals; he was
also interim conductor in 1919 of the Berlin Philharmonic. His postwar tours
(he first visited New York in 1923) won him international recognition. In 1925,
the year he became music director of the Berlin City Opera, he began directing
the Salzburg Festival Orchestra. In 1929 he established the Bruno Walter Foundation
for needy musicians and succeeded Wilhelm Furtwa¨ngler* as conductor
of Leipzig's Gewandhaus Orchestra.
Of Jewish ancestry, Walter was forced to resign his German positions in 1933,
an event that provoked worldwide protest. Living from 1933 in Vienna, he
conducted the Vienna Staatsoper and the Salzburg Festival Orchestra until 1938
and was associate conductor of Amsterdam's Concertgebouw Orchestra during
1934–1939. He settled briefly in France after the Anschluss (he was granted
French citizenship), emigrated to the United States in 1939, and served for
several years as a celebrated guest conductor. His interpretations of Mozart and
Mahler were widely acclaimed.
Liens utiles
- Walter (Bruno Walter Schlesinger.
- Walter, Bruno - musique.
- Bettelheim, Psychanalyse des contes de fées (extrait) Dans Psychanalyse des contes de fées, publié en 1976, Bruno Bettelheim applique aux contes destinés aux enfants le filtre de l'analyse psychanalytique.
- Bettelheim, Bruno - psychologie & psychanalyse.
- FICHE DE LECTURE BRUNO "PSYCHANALYSE DES CONTES DE FÉES"