The monuments of Upper Egypt, a translation of the "Itinéraire de la Haute Égypte" of Auguste Mariette-Bey

« CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 924 074 488 051 The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924074488051 THE MONUMENTS OF UPPER EGYPT. MAP SHOWING PRINCIPAL EXCAVATIONS BY MARIETTE. " THE MONUMENTS UPPER EGYPT A TRANSLATION OF THB " ITINERAIRE DE LA HAUTE EGYPTE OF , AUGUSTE MARIETTE^BEY A BV ALPHONSE MARIETTE REVISED WITH NOTES AND ADDITIONS BY LYSANDER DICKERMAN Metnder a/ the Briiisk Society of Biblical A rckaology^ American Orientai Society, etc.^etC', etc* Nee potcrii/errum, J. H. Nonjovis ira, nee ignes. edax aboUre vetustas OviD nee BOSTON MANSFIELD & J.

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DEARBORN 38 Bromfield Street 1890 (S UNfvr \ COPYRIGHTHD, Py J. H.

Mansfikld and 189O, J. W.

Dbarbokn. MOOONUD, GILL & CO. pneas of the christian witness BOSTON. aA THE TRANSLATOR'S PREFACE, An unpretending 1869 under the S. A. le little volume was published in title of ItinSraire de« InvitSs de lOiSdive aux Fites de V Inauguration du Canal de Suez. The very title of the work is a record of the great historical event which gath- ered together many distinguished personages in Egypt. The Itiniraire and a served, met with first all the favor it de- edition having been rapidly exhausted, a second one, with some slight alterations, appeared in 1872. became evident, however, that as the majority of regular tourists on the Nile belong It soon to the two great English-speaking nations, an English edition of the Itiniraire would not prove otherwise than acceptable. At Mariette-Bey's request, being myself no stranger to Egypt, I readily undertook the required translation into English — a somewhat difficult task, in which I THE TRANSI>fTOE's PREFACE. 6 was encouraged, however, by my brother's kindly expressed opinion that I would be all the better qualified for it by my genuine sympathy with the whole subject. I have endeavored to original text, keeping in be faithful view the author's syncrasy, and I have but seldom thought avail myself of the discretionary been given me. My task, I the to idiofit to power that had need scarcely say, has been a pleasant one, and I shall feel amply repaid for the trouble incurred if I can but think that I have in the very remotest degree contributed to popularize Egypt's wonders, and to bring them and their English and American visitora into closer intercourse. As stated in the second French edition, this little work does not pretend to replace Murray's Handbook for Travellers in Egypt, especially now that that excellent guide has been revised by a most competent volume is altogether writer. sively with the antiquities, to introduce the visitor to Upper Egypt, and The aim of different; to and the it this deals exclu- its sole object Monuments is of supply him with sucli information as will best enable him to under- stand their meaning. • THE translator's PREFACE. 7 In conclusion, I would take this opportunity of appealing earnestly to all travellers in Egypt. those Upper For the sake of science, for the sake of who will in sheer justice — and I will add, come after us to him whose persevering labors and truly heroic exertions have bro.ught to light many hidden treasures, I would entreat all so visitors to Sakk&rah, Abydos, Denderah, Thebes, watch with a jealous care over the integmonuments which no educated man can gaze upon without the keenest interest, and to etc., to rity of prevent, as far as in their power lies, any further desecration of those relics of a glorious past. ALPH.

MARIETTE. King's College, London, May, 187'?. ' CONTENTS. THE TRANSLATOK'S TRErACK ....... LIST OF BOOKS FOR REFERENCE .... FRANCOIS AUGUSTE FERDINAND MARIETTE 5 15 19 INTRODUCTION. I. SonncBS 27 28 29 A Monuments The Temples The Tombs B Manetho C Classical Historians II. 82 87 38 40 History 1 Ancient Empire 2 Middle Empire 41 42 New Empire 3 43 4 Lower Period III. CiinoNOLOOY IV. Religion 43 45 49 50 Language and Whitinq 64 The Dynasties V. 50 Rosetta Stone Hieroglyphs VI. 58 Generalities 62 A The Decoration B Their Signification of the Temples .... 02 05 C TheMammisi 09 D 70 E Royal Cartouches Epitome of the Best-known Epochs in Egyptian History Tiie C8] 72 CONTENTS. y Entreaty to Travellers to spare the Monu- I" ments Papyrus 79 ... 82 DESCRIPTION OF THE MONUMENTS EXCURSIONS IN THE ENVIRONS OF CAIRO. 85 G I. II. to be carefully preserved 87 Heliopolis 88 Pykamids The Three Great Pyramids 93 92 Their Especial Purpose 'The Sphinx The Great Pyramid III. IV. 94 97 99 MlTRAHENNTP Memphis 106 Colossus of Rameses II 112 113 Sakkarah A 106 . . . . Necropolis 113 Step-shaped Pyramid 114 Serapeum Discovery Tomb of Apis Its 115 ............ . B Tomb of Tih 118 121 ...... The Mastabah, the Serdab Scenes relating to the Personage while still 115 122 124 living Scenes relating to the Death of the Personage Scenes relating to the bringing in of Funereal Gifts Tomb of Phtah-IIotep .......... JOURNEY INTO UPPER EGYPT. Beni-Hassan Pyramid of Meydoum 126 127 128 131 132 Tombs Tomb of Ameni-Amenemha 133 135 137 Tomb 138 , Grotto of Noum-Hotep 10 CONTENTS. II. Abtdos Tel-Amama 141 Crocodile Caves of Temple of Sethll Temple of Barneses Tablet of Abydos 142 143 146 148 148 149 Maabdeh II Kom-es-Sultan III. Denderah The Temple 161 152 ., Divided into Four Groups 153 HypostylHall 2 Chambers of Assembly Sacred Barks Treasury, Vestments, Offerings, 8 Hypethral Temple 4 Sanctuary 1 IV. The Crypts The Osiris of Denderah Hathor and her Different Attributes Thebes Its i. . . . 158 166 171 173 Name 180 182 183 183 . Antiquities 184 Khons 186 Temple 184 of Usurpation of Authority by the Priests, ii. 157 157 162 Its Special Divinity Sham KARNAK 155 156 104 History Its Hieroglyphic Luxon Temple 153 The Great Temple Hypostyl Hall Bas-reliefs of Shishak Poem of Peu-ta-our 187 188 189 190 192 Bas-reliefs of Sethi 1 192 The Pylons The Obelisks The Granite Chambers 195 196 199 11 CONTENTS. Geographical Lists of Tliothmes III. . 201 . Etlinological Lists 201 Synoptical Table of the Promised Land, 202 Large Court to the East The Sanctuary 204 205 206 208 209 210 210 212 Hall of Ancestors The lluins to the North The Euins to the South The Lake The Four Pylons The Temple of Mout TUB TBMFI.E OF OOORKAH THB BAMESEUM iil. iv. . . . . 214 216 Episode in the Life of Barneses Gigantic Statue of THE COLOSSI The Colossus of Rameses II. ... 218 221 II Meranon Laudatory Inscriptions . 223 224 226 DBIR-EI/-MEDINEH 228 MEDINET-ABOU Temple of Thothmes III Temple of Kameses III. 228 A 229 • 231 i The Palace Ethnological Inscriptions .... B The Temple 237 Battle Scenes . Valuable Inscription on Pylon More Battle Scenes Coronation and Procession of Rameses Naval Battle TUB KEOROPOLIS Drah-abou'1-neggah 231 233 III : 237 240 242 243 249 El-Assassif 200 250 251 Scheikh-abd-el-Goornah and GoomatHou-rai 252 12 CONTEKTS. Tomb Tomb of Houi of Fetamenophis . . DBIB-EL-BAHABI Triumphal Entry of Troops BAB-EL-MOLOUK . , ....... TorabofSethll Tomb of Kameses Tomb of Sethi II. Tomb of Barneses V. ESNBH III. . . . : ; IV. . Decadence of Hieroglyphs Development of Architecture VI. ...... Edfou El Kab Temple of Edfou. Name . of Architect ........... The Sanctuary VII. Dimensions Masts for Pennants Gebel-Silsileh Stone Quarries Speos Triumph of Horus Vin. ........... ........... Assouan Orabos Mountains— Change of Scenery Small Temple Island of Elephantine IX. Phil^ Inscriptions on Bocks Laat Besort of the Priests 253 25S 256 258 261 264 267 269 270 271 272 273 274 274 275 277 277 278 279 279 280 281 282 282 282 284 285 285 286 287 289 13 CONTENTS. APPENDIX. vibooviiriics hinoll maribttd, Ptkamids beobntly openjed Pyramid of King Pepi I. Pyramid of Ounas . 291 . . Tomb Robbers The Abbot Papyrus Pyramid of King Tela The Rotai/ Mumuies of Deir-el-Bahabi . . . Story of the Discovery List of Mummies found Unwinding of Rameses PiTHOM The " Store Cities " Route of the Exodus San-Tanis Temple of Rameses II. II. 301 302 304 ... 306 306 . 307 300 Tahi-anes 300 IIouBO of riiaraoli Uophra ". BUDASTIS Great Hypostyle Hall 012 31.3 . 314 The FAYonM The Great Labyrinth Tomb of 202 206 295 296 297 299 299 ............. Amenembat III Dead Portraits of the Papyrus of Homer's " Iliad " .'. .' Alphabetic Writing Tel-el-Amarna Letters and Despatches Tomb and Mummy of Amenophls IV Othee Explobations . Table of the Egyptian Dynasties How to Ascend the Nile 316 319 321 323 324 324 326 326 329 329 330 331 MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS. 14 MAPS' Those with an AND ILLUSTRATIONS. * are new with the American edition. PAGE Map showing Principal Excavations by Mariette, Frontispiece. I •Obelislt; at Heliopolis 88 •Approach to the Pyramids *The Grand Gallery of the Great Pyramid *The Great Pyramid,.... »