Devoir de Philosophie

Mandela Nelson

Publié le 06/04/2019

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mandela

Mandela Nelson Homme d'Etat sud-africain

 

* 18.7.1918, Umtata, Transkei

 

Membre de l'African National Congress (ANC) depuis 1944, ce fils d'un chef de la tribu Xhosa, premier avocat noir d'Afrique du Sud, devient rapidement l'un des leaders du mouvement anti-apartheid. Après l'instauration de l'état d'urgence et l'interdiction de l'ANC (1960), dont il a développé l'aile militaire, il est arrêté en 1962 et condamné à la prison à vie en 1964. Au cours de ses vingt-sept ans de détention, il devient le symbole du combat contre l'apartheid, et sa libération obtenue après une forte mobilisation internationale en 1990 marque un tournant dans la vie politique de l'Afrique du Sud. Il négocie avec le président Frederik Willem de Klerk la légalisation de l'ANC. Malgré la forte opposition des nationalistes boers et du parti Zoulou Inkatha dirigé par Mangosuthu Buthelezis, il prend une part active à la démocratisation de son pays, qui met fin à la domination de la minorité blanche. En 1994, il accède à la présidence de la République après les premières élections multiraciales libres. La même année, il reçoit le prix Nobel de la paix avec de Klerk. En 1996, l'Afrique du Sud se dote de sa première consitution démocratique. Le scrutin présidentiel de juin 1999 désigne le successeur officiel de Mandela, Thabo Mbeki. Si toutes les promesses n'ont pas été tenues, si le mécontentement social va croissant, peu de dirigeants politiques auront, comme Mandela, symbolisé un combat, incarné les espoirs d'un peuple.

mandela

« Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)Nelson Mandela's Inaugural Address Nobel Peace Prize winner and former political prisoner, Nelson Mandela, was elected president of the Republic of South Africa in April 1994 in the country’s first multiracialelections.

Previously, South Africa had been ruled under the restrictions of apartheid, a policy of racial segregation.

Mandela delivered the following inaugural address on May 10, 1994, in Pretoria, South Africa, in front of more than 100,000 people. Nelson Mandela's Inaugural Address Your majesties, your royal highnesses, distinguished guests, comrades and friends: Today, all of us do, by our presence here, and by our celebrations in other parts of our country and the world, confer glory and hope to newborn liberty. Out of the experience of an extraordinary human disaster that lasted too long must be born a society of which all humanity will be proud. Our daily deeds as ordinary South Africans must produce an actual South African reality that will reinforce humanity's belief in justice, strengthen its confidence inthe nobility of the human soul, and sustain all our hopes for a glorious life for all. All this we owe both to ourselves and to the peoples of the world who are so well represented here today. To my compatriots, I have no hesitation in saying that each one of us is as intimately attached to the soil of this beautiful country as are the famous jacaranda trees ofPretoria and the mimosa trees of the bushveld.

Each time one of us touches the soil of this land, we feel a sense of personal renewal.

The national mood changes asthe seasons change. We are moved by a sense of joy and exhilaration when the grass turns green and the flowers bloom. That spiritual and physical oneness we all share with this common homeland explains the depth of the pain we all carried in our hearts as we saw our country tearitself apart in terrible conflict, and as we saw it spurned, outlawed, and isolated by the peoples of the world, precisely because it has become the universal base of thepernicious ideology and practice of racism and racial oppression. We, the people of South Africa, feel fulfilled that humanity has taken us back into its bosom, that we, who were outlaws not so long ago, have today been given therare privilege to be host to the nations of the world on our own soil. We thank all our distinguished international guests for having come to take possession with the people of our country of what is, after all, a common victory forjustice, for peace, for human dignity. We trust that you will continue to stand by us as we tackle the challenges of building peace, prosperity, nonsexism, nonracialism, and democracy. We deeply appreciate the role that the masses of our people and their democratic, religious, women, youth, business, traditional, and other leaders have played tobring about this conclusion.

Not least among them is my second deputy president, the Honorable F.

W.

de Klerk. We would also like to pay tribute to our security forces, in all their ranks, for the distinguished role they have played in securing our first democratic elections and thetransition to democracy, from bloodthirsty forces which still refuse to see the light. The time for the healing of the wounds has come.

The moment to bridge the chasms that divide us has come.

The time to build is upon us.

We have, at last, achievedour political emancipation.

We pledge ourselves to liberate all our people from the continuing bondage of poverty, deprivation, suffering, gender, and otherdiscrimination. We succeeded to take our last steps to freedom in conditions of relative peace.

We commit ourselves to the construction of a complete, just, and lasting peace.

Wehave triumphed in the effort to implant hope in the breasts of the millions of our people.

We enter into a covenant that we shall build the society in which all SouthAfricans, both black and white, will be able to walk tall, without any fear in their hearts, assured of their inalienable right to human dignity—a rainbow nation atpeace with itself and the world. As a token of its commitment to the renewal of our country, the new interim government of national unity will, as a matter of urgency, address the issue of amnestyfor various categories of our people who are currently serving terms of imprisonment. We dedicate this day to all the heroes and heroines in this country and the rest of the world who sacrificed in many ways and surrendered their lives so that we couldbe free.

Their dreams have become reality.

Freedom is their reward. We are both humbled and elevated by the honor and privilege that you, the people of South Africa, have bestowed on us, as the first president of a united,democratic, nonracial, and nonsexist South Africa, to lead our country out of the valley of darkness. We understand it still that there is no easy road to freedom.

We know it well that none of us acting alone can achieve success.

We must therefore act together as aunited people, for national reconciliation, for nation building, for the birth of a new world. Let there be justice for all.

Let there be peace for all.

Let there be work, bread, water, and salt for all.

Let each know that for each the body, the mind, and the soulhave been freed to fulfill themselves. Never, never, and never again shall it be that this beautiful land will again experience the oppression of one by another and suffer the indignity of being the skunk ofthe world.

The sun shall never set on so glorious a human achievement.

Let freedom reign.

God bless Africa. Source: 1995 Collier’s Year Book. Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation.

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