1248 résultats pour "soma"

• Alligators and Crocodiles.

  During cold winters, alligators bury themselves in mud. There they can hibernate until spring. WHERE CROCODILES LIVE Four species of crocodiles live in the Americas. These crocodiles are found in southern Florida, Cuba andother Caribbean islands, southern Mexico, Central America, and northern South America. The Indo-Pacific crocodile lives along the seacoasts of India, southern China, Malaysia, and Australia.The swamp crocodile is found in the lakes and rivers of India. The Nile crocodile lives...

• Slavery in Africa.

  The spread of Islam from Arabia into Africa after the religion’s founding in the 7th century AD affected the practice of slavery and slave trading in West, Central, and East Africa. Arabs had practiced slave raiding and trading in Arabia for centuries prior to the founding of Islam, and slavery became a component of Islamic traditions.Both the Qur'an (Koran) (the sacred scripture of Islam) and Islamic religious law served to codify and justify the existence of slavery. As Muslim Arabs conquered...

• Slavery in Africa - history.

  Arab Slave TradersThis 19th-century engraving depicts an Arab slave trading caravan transporting black African slaves across the Sahara. The trans-Saharan slave trade developed in the 7th and 8th centuries, as Muslim Arabs conquered most of North Africa. The trade grewsignificantly from the 10th to the 15th century and peaked in the mid-19th century.Archive Photos The spread of Islam from Arabia into Africa after the religion’s founding in the 7th century AD affected the practice of slavery and...

• Civil Law.

  Beginning in the 15th century, many European countries extensively colonized North and South America, Africa, and parts of Asia ( see Colonialism and Colonies). Colonial expansion spread the civil law system as colonizers imposed their system of law on their colonies. After achieving independence, some former colonies retainedthe legal system established by the colonizer. For example, the African nation of Senegal has retained the civil law system established by France. Other former colonieschos...

• Babylonia - history.

  Below the house was often located a mausoleum in which the family dead were buried. The Babylonians believed that the souls of the dead traveled to the nether world,and that, at least to some extent, life continued there as on earth. For this reason, pots, tools, weapons, and jewels were buried with the dead. B Technology The Babylonians inherited the technical achievements of the Sumerians in irrigation and agriculture. Maintaining the system of canals, dikes, weirs, and reservoirsconstructed...

• Scandinavian Mythology I INTRODUCTION Scandinavian Mythology, pre-Christian religious beliefs of the Scandinavian people.

  Werner Forman/Corbis Many ancient mythological heroes, some of whom may have been derived from real persons, were believed to be descendants of the gods; among them were Sigurdthe Dragon-slayer; Helgi Thrice-Born, Harald Wartooth, Hadding, Starkad, and the Valkyries. The Valkyries, a band of warrior-maidens that included Svava andBrunhild, served Odin as choosers of slain warriors, who were taken to reside in Valhalla. There the warriors would spend their days fighting and nights feasting untilR...

• Devoir d'anglais correction

  particular occasion you lacked the tiny bit that would have made the differenceor, as in the given example, you gave the wrong answer to one essential question.The document suggests that in order to take no chances when preparing for a job interview, you should stick asclosely as possible to the skills and attributes mentioned in the job advertisement. If you don't get the job, youshould be prepared to accept it and move on.Being well aware of the qualities required for a position is vital, but...

• Algerian War of Independence.

  commander. In Paris, General Charles de Gaulle was called to form a new government to save the situation. In June 1958 in Algiers, de Gaulle reassured the colons with the ambiguous phrase, “Je vous ai compris” (“I have understood you”). His September 1958 proposals forgreater Algerian integration into France failed to address the colons’ fears. In September 1958 the FLN created its own Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic(GPRA), with Ferhat Abbas as president. By 1959 de Gaulle realiz...

• Excerpt from A Tale of Two Cities - anthology.

  “Good day, citizeness.” “Good day, citizen.” This mode of address was now prescribed by decree. It had been established voluntarily some time ago, among the more thorough patriots; but, was now law foreverybody. “ Walking here again, citizeness?” “You see me, citizen!” The wood-sawyer, who was a little man with a redundancy of gesture (he had once been a mender of roads), cast a glance at the prison, pointed at the prison, andputting his ten fingers before his face to represe...

• Coffee - biology.

  States law, the addition of chicory or any other substance must be clearly stated on the brand label. IV HISTORY Exactly where and when coffee was first cultivated is not known, but some authorities believe that it was grown initially in Arabia near the Red Sea about AD675. Coffee cultivation was rare until the 15th and 16th centuries, when extensive planting of the tree occurred in the Yemen region of Arabia. The consumption of coffee increasedin Europe during the 17th century, prompting the...

• Haitian Slave Revolt.

  V EXTERNAL EFFECTS The Haitian revolt and independence had far-reaching effects on the United States, as well as other nearby countries and colonies. During the turmoil, many refugeesfled the island, pouring into seaports in the United States and the colony of Louisiana. These refugees from Saint-Domingue—white planters, mulatto artisans, and someAfrican slaves—brought with them their language, religion, laws, newspapers, education, art, and their skills at growing sugar, all of which strongly...

• Excerpt from Henry VI - anthology.

  SON. Ill blows the wind that profits nobody.This man whom hand to hand I slew in fightMay be possessèd with some store of crowns;And I, that haply take them from him now,May yet ere night yield both my life and themTo some man else, as this dead man doth me.—Who's this? O God! It is my father's face,Whom in this conflict I, unwares, have killed.O, heavy times, begetting such events!From London by the King was I pressed forth;My father, being the Earl of Warwick's man,Came on the part of York, pr...

• Regina - Geography.

  in 1883, was incorporated as a city in 1903, and was made the capital of Saskatchewan when the province was created in 1905. The headquarters of the police forcewere moved in 1920 to Ottawa, the nation’s capital, but the force’s training facility remained in Regina. Regina has been associated with a number of important historical events. In 1885 Louis Riel, leader of the Northwest Rebellion, was tried for treason and executedthere. In 1933 Canada’s newly formed socialist party, the Co-operative...

• Protein.

  Myosin, the protein chiefly responsible for muscle contraction, combines with actin, another muscle protein, forming actomyosin, the different filaments of whichshorten, causing the contracting action. VI GLOBULAR PROTEINS Unlike fibrous proteins, globular proteins are spherical and highly soluble. They play a dynamic role in body metabolism. Examples are albumin, globulin, casein,hemoglobin, all of the enzymes, and protein hormones. The albumins and globulins are classes of soluble proteins a...

• EM Forster, A passage to India

  helpless victim, however, partially to retain her dignity and partially because she remains unsure of the actual legitimacy of her charges. Two significant forces trouble Adela: ___The first is her doubt that Aziz is guilty of the crime with which she has charged him, and she even tells Ronny that she believes she has made a mistake. Mrs. Moore confirms this doubt, definitively stating to Adela that Aziz is innocent. Her statement contains great significance, for Mrs. Moore serves as a paragon o...

• Supercomputer.

  the specific model and configuration of the supercomputer. In July 1995, computer scientists at the University of Tokyo, in Japan, broke the 1 teraflop (1 trillion floating-point operations per second) mark with a computer theydesigned to perform astrophysical simulations. Named GRAPE-4 (GRAvity PipE number 4), this MPP supercomputer consisted of 1,692 interconnected processors. InNovember 1996, Cray Research debuted the CRAY T3E-900, the first commercially available supercomputer to offer teraf...

• Festivals and Feasts.

  The festivals of many ethnic and national groups are credited with the preservation of unique customs, folktales, costumes, and culinary skills. An interesting recentdevelopment is the merging of the arts, lore, and customs of various regions in Africa in the cultural festival known as Kwanzaa (Swahili kwanza, ”beginnings”). Introduced from Africa into the United States in 1977, this festival is celebrated with feasts and songs in the home for seven days and nights from December 26 toJanuary 1....

• 1980a, L'Égypte du crépuscule.

  Christian LEROY 1975, «Voyageurs etmarins dansl'antiquité »,REG 88,178-181. A. LEROY-MOLINGHEN 1985, «Homère etThèbes auxcent portes »,CdE 60,131-137. Françoise LESAOUT 1978-1980a, «Reconstitution desmurs delaCour delaCachette »,Karnak 7,213-258. 1978-1980b, «Nouveaux fragmentsaunom d'Horemheb »,Karnak 7,259-264. 1978-1980c, «À propos d'uncolosse deRamsès IIà Karnak »,Karnak 7,267-274. F. LE SAOUT &Cl. TRAUNECKER 1978-1980, «Les travaux auIXe pylône deKarnak :annexe épigraphique »,Karnak 7,67-74...

• Periodic Law - chemistry.

  VI QUANTUM THEORY With the development of the quantum theory and its application to atomic structure by the Danish physicist Niels Bohr and other scientists, most of the detailedfeatures of the periodic table have found a ready explanation. Every electron is characterized by four quantum numbers that designate its orbital motion in space. Bymeans of the selection rules governing these quantum numbers and the exclusion principle of Wolfgang Pauli, which states that two electrons in the same ato...

• From Bulfinch's Mythology: Adventures of Aeneas - anthology.

  out of his way. Hearing the oars, Polyphemus shouted after them, so that the shores resounded, and at the noise the other Cyclopses came forth from their caves andwoods and lined the shore, like a row of lofty pine trees. The Trojans plied their oars and soon left them out of sight. Æneas had been cautioned by Helenus to avoid the strait guarded by the monsters Scylla and Charybdis. There Ulysses, the reader will remember, had lost six of hismen, seized by Scylla while the navigators were wh...

• Detroit - geography.

  Automobile industrialist Henry Ford was born near Dearborn, Michigan, in 1863. Ford built his first automobile in 1893 and establishedhis own manufacturing company ten years later. The Ford Company headquarters are in Dearborn, as is the Henry Ford Museum,shown here, which tells of the transition of the United States from an agricultural to an industrial society, a change in which Fordplayed a central part.Townsend P. Dickinson/Photo Researchers, Inc. The Detroit city center also houses one of t...

• Salmon (fish) - biology.

  alarm and become one of the most important conservation issues in the Pacific Northwest. Less than 2 percent of the wild salmon population of the Columbia River Basin(including parts of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, and British Columbia) remains and only one individual sockeye salmon returned to the Snake Riverin Idaho in 1994. Coho salmon in the Snake River have been declared extinct by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, as have 106 other salmon populations on the WestCoast. Man...

• Vertebrate - biology.

  E Reptiles Compared to amphibians, reptiles are much more fully adapted to life on land. They have scaly, waterproof skin, and they either give birth to live young or lay eggs withwaterproof shells. There are about 7,000 species alive today, including snakes, alligators, and turtles. During the age of the dinosaurs, about 230 million to 65 millionyears ago, reptiles outnumbered all other land vertebrates put together. F Birds Birds evolved from flightless reptiles but underwent some major chan...

• William Faulkner I INTRODUCTION William Faulkner Twentieth-century American novelist William Faulkner wrote novels that explored the tensions between the old and the new in the American South.

  Faulkner’s “powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel.” He also wrote numerous short stories, many of the best of which werepublished in book form in Go Down, Moses (1942) and The Collected Stories (1950; Pulitzer Prize, 1951). In-between his fiction works, which until late in his career did not always pay well, Faulkner wrote screenplays for Hollywood; two of his more prominent scripts were for the motion pictures To Have and Have Not (1944) and The Big S...

• Joseph Stalin I INTRODUCTION Joseph Stalin (1879-1953), general secretary of the Communist Party

  V FOREIGN POLICIES Although Stalin’s policy in the mid-1930s was to support the Communist International (Comintern) in forming a popular front against the rise of fascism in Europe, hegave up the idea of collective security with the West and in August 1939 decided upon an alliance with Nazi Germany. The “Secret Protocols” of the German-SovietNonaggression Pact carved up Eastern Europe into German and Soviet spheres of influence; the Soviets allowed Germany to invade Poland in exchange for Hitle...

• Joseph Stalin.

  V FOREIGN POLICIES Although Stalin’s policy in the mid-1930s was to support the Communist International (Comintern) in forming a popular front against the rise of fascism in Europe, hegave up the idea of collective security with the West and in August 1939 decided upon an alliance with Nazi Germany. The “Secret Protocols” of the German-SovietNonaggression Pact carved up Eastern Europe into German and Soviet spheres of influence; the Soviets allowed Germany to invade Poland in exchange for Hitle...

• Joseph Stalin .

  V FOREIGN POLICIES Although Stalin’s policy in the mid-1930s was to support the Communist International (Comintern) in forming a popular front against the rise of fascism in Europe, hegave up the idea of collective security with the West and in August 1939 decided upon an alliance with Nazi Germany. The “Secret Protocols” of the German-SovietNonaggression Pact carved up Eastern Europe into German and Soviet spheres of influence; the Soviets allowed Germany to invade Poland in exchange for Hitle...

• Stamps and Stamp Collecting.

  Commonwealth has by far produced the greatest number of omnibus issues, the first being the George V Silver Jubilee series of 1935, another being the series releasedon July 29, 1981, to commemorate the wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Frances Spencer. III COLLECTING Philately continues to increase in popularity. Today, the number of collectors around the world numbers in the millions. Unique and valuable stamps, apart from theiraesthetic or financial appeal to collectors, are also reco...

• Manila - geography.

  Manila played an important role in trade as a port for the Manila galleons, huge trading ships that carried goods from Manila to Acapulco, Mexico (then part of NewSpain). During this time, Chinese merchants settled in Manila and became middlemen for other trade from China. By the 1590s the Chinese had become aneconomically important community. Many Chinese, aware of the political and social advantages enjoyed by the Roman Catholics in the colony, converted to Catholicismand married Filipino wome...

• Édouard Manet I INTRODUCTION Manet: Tradition and Innovation French impressionist painter Édouard Manet shocked art audiences in Paris with Le déjeuner sur l'herbe (The Luncheon on the Grass; 1863, Musée d'Orsay, Paris), which depicts a nude woman at a woodland picnic.

  Le Déjeuner sur l’herbeLe Déjeuner sur l’herbe (Luncheon on the Grass) by Édouard Manet was painted in 1863. When it was first displayed, therough brushwork and undefined areas of color were as distressing to the public as the nude woman who was neither aclassical goddess nor a symbol in an allegory. Manet claimed that the real subject of the painting was light, and it was thatphilosophy that gave birth to impressionism.Bridgeman Art Library, London/New York After his father died in 1862, Manet...

• Network (computer science).

  computer. Since there is only one token in the network, only one computer can transmit information at a time. Token Ring networks are now quite rare. Most LANs nowuse Ethernet technology. International Business Machines Corporation (IBM), the company that invented Token Ring in the early 1980s, no longer promotes thetechnology. In the mid-1990s a new protocol called Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) was introduced. This protocol encodes data in fixed-sized packets called cells rather thanvariable...

• Tampa - geography.

  The Port of Tampa is the country’s deepwater port closest to the Panama Canal and is among the nation’s busiest; products passing through the port include cement,citrus fruits, coal, petroleum, ammonia, phosphate, and sulfur. The port also is home to a shrimp fleet and is increasingly a port of departure for cruise ships. A number of highways and expressways link Tampa to the rest of the metropolitan region and the state. Interstate 4 leads inland toward Orlando and forms the axis ofthe eastern...

• Churchill: "The Sinews of Peace" On March 5, 1946, in a

  safeguards to make it effective, these powers would naturally be confided to that world organisation. Now I come to the second danger of these two marauders which threatens the cottage, the home, and the ordinary people—namely, tyranny. We cannot be blind tothe fact that the liberties enjoyed by individual citizens throughout the British Empire are not valid in a considerable number of countries, some of which are verypowerful. In these States control is enforced upon the common people by variou...

• Checks and Balances.

  no political interest has enough power to prevail over the others. In 1997 and early 1998, for example, the Senate refused to take action on many of President BillClinton’s appointments of new federal court judges. Although the Senate’s power to approve or reject federal court nominees is one of the key checks on presidentialauthority, the dispute between Clinton and the Senate meant that there were not enough federal judges to handle the court’s workload. But the system of checks andbalance was...

• Ludwig van Beethoven I INTRODUCTION Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827), German composer, considered one of the greatest musicians of all time.

  dedication after learning that Napoleon had taken the title of emperor. Beethoven’s other instrumental works from the period of the Eroica also tend to expand the formal framework that he inherited from Haydn and Mozart. The Piano Sonata in C major op. 53 ( Waldstein ) and the Piano Sonata in F minor op. 57 ( Appassionata ), completed in 1804 and 1805 respectively, each employ bold contrasts in harmony, and they use a broadened formal plan, in which the meditative slow movements flow directly...

• Ludwig van Beethoven.

  dedication after learning that Napoleon had taken the title of emperor. Beethoven’s other instrumental works from the period of the Eroica also tend to expand the formal framework that he inherited from Haydn and Mozart. The Piano Sonata in C major op. 53 ( Waldstein ) and the Piano Sonata in F minor op. 57 ( Appassionata ), completed in 1804 and 1805 respectively, each employ bold contrasts in harmony, and they use a broadened formal plan, in which the meditative slow movements flow directly...

• Nile - Geography.

  The Nile is also a source of hydroelectric power ( see Waterpower), although the river’s potential as a source of electricity has yet to be fully exploited. Dams to provide hydroelectricity (and control flooding) have been constructed along the Nile in Egypt, Sudan, and Uganda. Additional hydroelectric projects are planned. IV HISTORY OF THE NILE A Ancient Egypt and the Nile The first great African civilization developed in the northern Nile Valley in Egypt in about 3300 BC. Settlements alon...

• Excerpt from Northanger Abbey - anthology.

  “I will read you their names directly; here they are in my pocket-book. Castle of Wolfenbach, Clermont, Mysterious Warnings, Necromancer of the Black Forest, Midnight Bell, Orphan of the Rhine, and Horrid Mysteries. Those will last us some time.” “Yes; pretty well; but are they all horrid? Are you sure they are all horrid?” “Yes, quite sure; for a particular friend of mine, a Miss Andrews, a sweet girl, one of the sweetest creatures in the world, has read every one of them. I wis...

• Tuvalu - country.

  Funafuti has a town council, and each of the other islands except Niulakita has an island council. Members of these councils are directly elected to four-year terms. Tuvalu is active in regional affairs. It is a member of the South Pacific Commission, an advisory body of Western and Pacific nations promoting social stability in theSouth Pacific, and the South Pacific Forum, a regional organization that addresses the foreign affairs and international trade of its member countries. Tuvalu became a...

• Royal Canadian Mounted Police.

  Perry declared prohibition unenforceable and canceled the policing contracts for the two provinces. The strength of the force dwindled further as its members wererecruited into the military. Many, including Perry, believed it would not last into peacetime. VI EXPANSION TO A NATIONAL ROLE After the war Newton W. Rowell, a federal cabinet minister, was sent across western Canada to assess the future of the Mounties. The options were either to eliminatethe North-West Mounted Police or to expand i...

• Chad - country.

  B Industries The processing of cotton and cottonseed oil and the manufacturing of peanut oil are major industries in Chad. Modern meatpacking plants have been established inN’Djamena and Sarh. The fishing industry furnishes fresh, dried, and smoked fish for domestic use and export. Petroleum mining and processing are increasinglyimportant industries in Chad. Gold and natron, a mineral used to make soap, glass, paper, and medicines, are also mined. Forestry is important in the south. The outputo...

• Great Lakes - Geography.

  of 1972 and 1978, have focused on water-quality problems in the Great Lakes. The International Joint Commission on the Great Lakes, established under the BoundaryWaters Treaty, implements and oversees these agreements and has limited authority to regulate obstructions or diversions of boundary waters that would affect thenatural level or flow of lake waters. B Exotic Species The fish populations of the lakes have changed dramatically in the 20th century; changes were wrought at first by overfis...

• Ice Ages.

  B Future Ice Ages The record of previous glacial activity is the best indicator for future ice ages. Scientists examine the evidence for the numerous 100,000-year glacial-interglacial cycleswithin the present ice age to attempt a forecast of future ice ages. Since all previous ice ages lasted tens of millions of years, our present ice age will likely continue fora considerable amount of time. Each glaciation begins slowly and may take 80,000 years or more to reach its maximum extent. A rapid me...

• Indian Music I INTRODUCTION Classical Dance of South India The southern Indian kathakali is a dance drama that dates from the 17th century.

  Sangita Ratnakara, was written in the 13th century. However, subsequent writers tended to focus on the emotional connotations of individual ragas, associating them with moods, performance times, colors, and deities, and grouping them in terms of families. The modern theoretical system began in the 16th century, when ragasbegan to be classified according to scale—72 in the Karnāṭak system and 10 principal ones in the Hindustani. The 72 mela, as the Karn āṭak scales are called, are derived thro...

• Chester Arthur.

  confidence by reappointing them to the Senate. Despite Arthur's help, the legislature did not reappoint the two men. Conkling and Platt never again held public office. In the middle of the political conflict, on July 2, 1881, Garfield was shot by Charles J. Guiteau, a disappointed office-seeker. Garfield died 11 weeks later, on September19, 1881. The following morning, Arthur took the oath of office at his home in New York City. IV PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES Arthur's record of party loyalt...

• Chester Arthur I INTRODUCTION Chester Arthur (1829-1886), 21st president of the United States (1881-1885), who gained the presidency when President James A.

  confidence by reappointing them to the Senate. Despite Arthur's help, the legislature did not reappoint the two men. Conkling and Platt never again held public office. In the middle of the political conflict, on July 2, 1881, Garfield was shot by Charles J. Guiteau, a disappointed office-seeker. Garfield died 11 weeks later, on September19, 1881. The following morning, Arthur took the oath of office at his home in New York City. IV PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES Arthur's record of party loyalt...

• Latin America.

  adequate housing and services, most were forced to live in shantytowns that came to encircle all large Latin American cities. One of the key problems facing Latin America in the late 20th century was the rapid rise of external debt during the 1980s. The borrowed money had been used bycorrupt, or at best inefficient, governments in non-productive projects. These large debts meant that many countries had to spend up to 30 percent of their net incometo pay interest on their loans. Some countries, s...

• Dogsledding.

  Mushers are caretakers, but also coaches. Top mushers have large kennels, and their preparation for competition begins by buying and breeding race-specific dogs.They train their dogs, decide which to run on certain days, and make adjustments during races by switching and dropping dogs. Serious competitors run their dogsyear-round, using carts and all-terrain vehicles when there is not enough snow on the ground. During races they decide their strategy, choosing when to rest and whento push ahead....

• Central African Republic - country.

  Manufacturing activity in the Central African Republic is very limited. Products include cottonseed, peanut, and sesame oils; textiles; leather goods; tobacco products;soap; flour; bricks; and paint. The output of electricity in 2003 was 106 million kilowatt-hours, 80.19 percent of which was generated in hydroelectric installations. Gemdiamonds account for nearly all the country’s mineral output and two-thirds of its export revenue. Production was 250,000 carats in 2004. Uranium was discovered i...

• John Tyler.

  A “His Accidency” Tyler was summoned to Washington, D.C., as acting president. The Constitution seemed unclear as to whether Tyler should now merely assume the duties of thepresident until new elections were held, or whether he should in fact assume the office of president. Tyler chose the latter view and on April 6 had himself sworn in aspresident. This procedure, later taken for granted, exposed Tyler to much censure and abuse. Throughout his term, Whigs and Democrats alike denounced his acti...