14 résultats pour "aristotelian"
- ARISTOTÉLICIENNE, NON ARISTOTÉLICIENNE, Logique (Aristotelian, Non-Aristotelian Logic)
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Aristotelianism, medieval
are introduced by the interaction of Aristotle with Jewish, Christian and Islamic religious thinking. The Christianambiguities are perhaps the most familiar. Almost all of the Christian Aristotelians in the Latin West were members ofthe clergy. Most spent their professional lives teaching and writing, not the liberal arts or philosophy, but Christiantheology. It remains controversial whether or to what extent we can find an autonomous or even a textuallydistinguishable Aristotelian p...
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Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Alchemy
to enrol themselves in the philosophical tradition, albeit awkwardly. Texts were attributed to pagan gods,mythological and biblical figures, ancient and medieval philosophers. Such attributions assured secrecy, while raisingthe prestige of writings of obscure authors; they might even be a subtle indication of affiliation. 4 Alchemical doctrines The basic idea of alchemy is the identity of nature and first matter as a dynamic unity: elements can pass one into another, in a circular mo...
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Aristotelianism, Renaissance
of Medicine, Galen distinguishes between what he calls the method of resolution, in which an object is broken downinto its component parts, and the method of composition, in which the components used in the resolution are putinto their proper order. Late medieval Aristotelians, like Pietro d'Abano (1257-1315) in his Conciliator differentiarumphilosophorum et praecipue medicorum (Conciliator of the Differences between Philosophers and EspeciallyPhysicians) (composed around 1300), conflated...
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Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Alexander of Aphrodisias
possessing life, or, more shortly, of an organic body, and regards the soul of a living creature as its form. But it iscontroversial how this is to be understood. Some have interpreted Aristotle's notion of soul as a functionalist one;but this view has been criticized on the grounds that it does not do justice to the close connection in Aristotlebetween the performance of a given function and the particular arrangement needed for it. This close connectionbetween form and matter in Aristotle's th...
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Galileo
I
INTRODUCTION
Galileo (1564-1642), Italian physicist and astronomer who, with German astronomer Johannes Kepler, initiated the scientific revolution that flowered in the work of
English physicist Sir Isaac Newton.
V WORK IN ASTRONOMY During most of his time in Padua, Galileo showed little interest in astronomy, although in 1595 he declared in a letter that he preferred the Copernican theory that Earthrevolves around the Sun to the assumptions of Aristotle and Ptolemy that planets circle a fixed Earth ( see Astronomy: The Copernican Theory ; Ptolemaic System). A Observations with the Telescope In 1609 Galileo heard that a telescope had been invented in Holland. In August of that year he constructed a t...
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Galileo.
V WORK IN ASTRONOMY During most of his time in Padua, Galileo showed little interest in astronomy, although in 1595 he declared in a letter that he preferred the Copernican theory that Earthrevolves around the Sun to the assumptions of Aristotle and Ptolemy that planets circle a fixed Earth ( see Astronomy: The Copernican Theory ; Ptolemaic System). A Observations with the Telescope In 1609 Galileo heard that a telescope had been invented in Holland. In August of that year he constructed a t...
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Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Abravanel, Judah ben Isaac ?
prompting the received opinion that Leone meant to compose a concluding fourth dialogue. This inference isunwarranted. The twenty years between the completion of Dialoghi d'amore and Leone's death suggests that he had ample time to complete the work had he considered it either possible or necessary. Rather, the lack of anexplicit resolution mirrors the structure of the Platonic dialogues, especially the Symposium , the model for all Renaissance writings on love. 3 Philosophical significance...
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Encyclopedia of Philosophy: al-Farabi, Abu Nasr
fully justifies Fakhry's characterization of al-Farabi, cited earlier, as 'the founder of Arab Neo-Platonism'. 3 Epistemology Farabian epistemology has both a Neoplatonic and an Aristotelian dimension. Much of the former has already been surveyed in our examination of al-Farabi's metaphysics, and thus our attention turns now to theAristotelian dimension. Our three primary Arabic sources for this are al-Farabi's Kitab ihsa' al-'ulum , Risala fi'l-'aql and Kitab al-huruf . It is...
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Aristotle
I
INTRODUCTION
Aristotle (384-322
BC),
Greek philosopher and scientist, who shares with Plato and Socrates the distinction of being the most famous of ancient philosophers.
succession of individuals. These processes are therefore intermediate between the changeless circles of the heavens and the simple linear movements of the terrestrialelements. The species form a scale from simple (worms and flies at the bottom) to complex (human beings at the top), but evolution is not possible. C Aristotelian Psychology For Aristotle, psychology was a study of the soul. Insisting that form (the essence, or unchanging characteristic element in an object) and matter (the commonu...
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Aristotle.
succession of individuals. These processes are therefore intermediate between the changeless circles of the heavens and the simple linear movements of the terrestrialelements. The species form a scale from simple (worms and flies at the bottom) to complex (human beings at the top), but evolution is not possible. C Aristotelian Psychology For Aristotle, psychology was a study of the soul. Insisting that form (the essence, or unchanging characteristic element in an object) and matter (the commonu...
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Cardano, Girolamo
the first moves towards the theory of probability. In mechanics 'Cardano's suspension' is still regarded as a success. He wrote on music and on dreams, believed in demons, and was regarded as a reliable astrologer, who even cast the horoscope of Jesus Christ. 3 Metaphysics Cardano claimed that Plotinus and Aristotle were his main inspiration in philosophy, and though he argued explicitly against Aristotle, his theory is implicitly based on the Aristotelian tradition. While he was not a s...
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Aquinas, Thomas
part in an academic disputation. Having failed in his efforts to shake his best student's arguments on this occasion, Albert declared, 'We call him the dumb ox, but in his teaching he will one day produce such a bellowing that it will be heard throughout the world' . In 1252 Aquinas returned to Paris for the course of study leading to the degree of master in theology, roughly the equivalent of a twentieth-century PhD. During the first academic year he studied and lectured on the Bible; the...
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Western Philosophy.
the popular belief in personal deities, but he failed to explain the way in which the familiar objects of experience could develop out of elements that are totally differentfrom them. Anaxagoras therefore suggested that all things are composed of very small particles, or “seeds,” which exist in infinite variety. To explain the way in whichthese particles combine to form the objects that constitute the familiar world, Anaxagoras developed a theory of cosmic evolution. He maintained that the activ...