9 résultats pour "reactors"
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Nuclear Energy
I
INTRODUCTION
Gundremmingen Nuclear Power Plant, Germany
The first of three boiling-water nuclear reactors at Germany's Gundremmingen plant began operating in 1966 but was
permanently shut down after being decommissioned in 1983.
such as ¯U is induced by the absorption of a neutron as in producing cesium-140, rubidium-93, three neutrons, and 200 MeV, or 3.2 × 10 -11 J (7.7 × 10 -12 cal). A nuclear fission reaction releases 10 million times as much energy as is released in a typical chemical reaction. See Nuclear Chemistry. III NUCLEAR ENERGY FROM FISSION The two key characteristics of nuclear fission important for the practical release of nuclear energy are both evident in equation (2). First, the energy per fiss...
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réacteur nucléaire.
réacteurs UNGG ou par remplacement d’un quart à un tiers du combustible après arrêt du réacteur, environ une fois par an. Par ailleurs, par désintégration radioactive de l’iode-135 apparaît le xénon-135, produit de fission de très grande section efficace de capture des neutrons. C’est ce que l’on appelle l’effet xénon, qui disparaît pendant le fonctionnement du réacteur, mais qui est gênant lors de l’arrêt du réacteur, car il entrave son redémarrage. Durant leur fonctionnement, les réacteurs pro...
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Submarine.
B Propulsion Modern submarines use either diesel-electric or nuclear power to drive the sub's propeller and to provide internal electric power. Diesel-electric power emerged as themost efficient propulsion system for submarines in the early 20th century, following unsuccessful attempts to use steam or gasoline power. While on the surface, thesubmarine uses a diesel engine to drive the propeller and generate electricity. When submerged, a battery-driven electrical motor takes over for propulsion...
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Nuclear Weapons.
Regardless of the method used to attain a supercritical assembly, the chain reaction proceeds for about a millionth of a second, liberating vast amounts of heat energy.The extremely fast release of a very large amount of energy in a relatively small volume causes the temperature to rise to tens of millions of degrees. The resultingrapid expansion and vaporization of the bomb material causes a powerful explosion. VI PRODUCTION OF FISSILE MATERIAL Much experimentation was necessary to make the p...
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réacteur nucléaire - physique.
4 TYPES DE RÉACTEURS Les premiers réacteurs nucléaires de grande échelle ont été construits en 1944 aux États-Unis pour la production d’armes nucléaires. Le combustible était de l’uraniumnaturel, et le modérateur du graphite. Le plutonium était fabriqué dans ces sites par absorption de neutrons par l’uranium-238, la chaleur produite n’étant pas utilisée. Onclasse généralement les centrales selon le type de réacteur dont elles sont équipées. 4.1 Réacteurs UNGG Les réacteurs UNGG (Uranium Nature...
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central, ale, aux adj.
heures de pointe. Centrales thermiques. Une centrale thermique se compose principalement d'une chaudière et d'un groupe turboalternateur. La chaudière produit de la vapeur en brûlant un combustible solide, liquide ou gazeux. L'énergie thermique de la vapeur est convertie en énergie mécanique, puis en énergie électrique par le groupe turboalternateur. Les turbines à vapeur modernes utilisent des cycles à haute pression et à resurchauffe*. En France, la puissance unitaire des groupes turboalternat...
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Federal Republic of Germany - country.
B Rivers and Lakes Rivers have played a major role in Germany’s economic development. The Rhine River flows in a northwesterly direction from Switzerland through much of westernGermany and The Netherlands into the North Sea. It is a major European waterway and a pillar of commerce and trade. Its primary German tributaries include theMain, Mosel, Neckar, and Ruhr rivers. The Oder (Odra) River, along the border between Poland and Germany, runs northward and empties into the Baltic; it provides an...
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North Korea - country.
IV EDUCATION AND CULTURAL ACTIVITY Education and culture in North Korea are under state control and are utilized by the governing Korean Workers’ Party regime to indoctrinate and foster its ideology. A Education Education is free and compulsory in North Korea for the first ten years of schooling. In the late 1980s, some 1.5 million pupils were enrolled annually in elementaryschools, and another 2.8 million students attended vocational and secondary schools. Statistics for subsequent years are...
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World Energy Supply.
In the 1990s, oil production by non-OPEC countries remained strong and production by OPEC countries rebounded. The result at the end of the 20th century was aworld oil surplus and prices (when adjusted for inflation) that were lower than in 1972. Experts are uncertain about future oil supplies and prices. Low prices have spurred greater oil consumption, and experts question how long world petroleum reservescan keep pace with increased demand. Many of the world’s leading petroleum geologists beli...