Devoir de Philosophie

Les Inuits

Publié le 17/05/2015

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The Inuits Notion : Spaces and exchange Since 1999, Nunavut was separated from immense Northwest Territories (NWT) by the Law on Nunavut. It is about the third Canadian territory in order of creation. It is the biggest territorial entity of the country, but the least populated with a population of 35 600 inhabitants. We are more particularly going to be interested in the notion of space and exchange. In fact, this notion includes the possible interactions between spaces. In our case, we can speak about the process of globalization which is translated by an intensification of the global social relationships and which influences groups living in very distant regions. Most part of time, we associate the Inuits with groups of isolated individuals but this vision is exceeded. There was a real evolution... So, how the territory of Nunavuts reacts confronted with the Globalization ? And can we say that it is included in this process ? We shall see at first the construction of a new political territory. Then, we shall speak about the modernization within Nunavut. Finally, we shall notice the term of globalization must be put in perspective. First of all, although we can think that Nunavut is a territory distant from metropolises, from urban areas, them is not for all that to spare by the process of globalization. In the 40s, the populations of the Arctic were hard allocated by the globalization. We can then speak about submission : European groups hunt animal species ; In the 50s, the federal government of Canada settles the Inuits upsetting their society ; In the 60s, Canada intensifies the exploitation of resources Scandinavian without worrying about the local interests of the fishermen and hunters Inuit causing the degradation of their environment... Thus, these native peoples decided to be actors of the " global village " to defend their right and obtain from the power in front of States. The early 1970s also saw the creation of the inuit tapirisat of canada (ITC), formed in 1971 from a meeting of native leaders. The ITC would become an important force in the quest for Nunavut. 1979 proved to be an important year in the development of Nunavut. The NWT election of that year saw Inuit leaders agree to participate for the first time. As a result, a majority of Inuit members were elected to an assembly that becaume much frienlier towards the idea of Aboriginal rights. In 1982, the Constitution included a clause protecting Aboriginal land claims. Early successes with negotiations included agreements on an Inuit role in wildlife management, on offshore rights, and on resource management system. BARRIO Samuel Pour le 12/01/2015 TS2 Anglais Page 1/2 The Nunavut Land Claims Agreement Act, ratifying the agreement, and the Nunavut Act which created the new territory, were both passed on June 10, 1993. Finally, On April first 1999, the map of Canada was modified with the creation of a new territory, Nunavut equipped with a government to represent the residents of this territory. A new political territory was born in a world in full globalization. This is the proof of a desire for being recognized and for being considered. Nunavut can't escape to the globalization and must exchange, communicate to develop, live and to impose itself. What are the consequences of globalization ? Nunavut develops in the integration of the markets and the rapprochement of the men, who results the liberalization of the exchanges, means of transport and of communication. This is a period of modernism and that is noticed in their lifestyle. Inuits live in normal houses in village or cities and very few live in igloos. Their language is not only any more the Inuktitut but English too. They move in snow bike, a minority move with the dog and the sledge. Now, they don't live on hunting, they also go to the supermarket. They no longer make their clothes themselves, they also buy jeans. Even education changed, the children don't learn only with their family but in special schools. Only the tradition don't change but books, pens and computers develop instead of storytelling. This development is in party thanks to the ressources of the Arctic seen like a new Eldorado (biological, energy, mineral, halieutics). Is it correct of speaking about Globalization in Nunavut ? It acts more than one territory in margin of globalization. For the moment, the exchanges wich are carried out in Nunavut remains minority. We can't speak principal actors for the moment but for some specialists, Nunavut can become for Canada a major advantage. We can't say either that Nunavut is not touched by globalization because the fact of developing as we have describe before testifies to this process. BARRIO Samuel Pour le 12/01/2015 TS2 Anglais Page 2/2 To conclude, we can say that in front of Globalization, Inuits knew to build a new political territory : Nunavut. Today, this space is completely regognized by Canada with Aboriginal rights and gouvernmental autonomy. Futhermore, it's a territory inserted into globalization and which undergoes a fast development of its company and practices. But we must relativize because that doesn't want to say that it is a very rich territory. We can wonder whether the Inuit culture is in danger.

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