Devoir de Philosophie

Les politiques de Louis XIV

Publié le 03/06/2014

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louis xiv
Religious policies: the problem of the Huguenots and the Revocation of the E of N Background L's approach to religion was straightforward; he was a devout Catholic in the tradition of the Counter-Reformation, the movement that had reformed the Catholic Church. Throughout his life he attended Mass daily and listened to court preachers (but he was no theologian - impatient w. doctrinal niceties). L earnestly tried to "further the interests of heaven" and did the best to save his soul and those of his subjects. It was generally accepted that kings inherited their thrones by divine right and thus religion profoundly coloured contemporary conceptions of monarchy. L was proud of his status as the "Eldest Son of the Church" and the "Most Christian King". L believed in order and authority and did not hesitate to intervene personally and decisively in religious affairs. The Huguenots French Protestantism dated from mid-sixteenth century - theology was Calvinist. Charles IX (1560-1574) and Henri III (1574-1589) had faced armed rebellion from their Huguenot nobles who virtually controlled a state within a state. In 1589 their leader, Henri of Navarre inherited the throne. However, to win the support of the French people Henri became Catholic. He did make concessions to the Huguenots in order to bring peace to the nation thus creating the E of N - freedom to worship and substantial military and political guarantees. In retrospect the E of N can be considered a milestone in history. For the first time two religions were tolerated in one state. However, contemporaries believed that religious disunity meant political disunity. Catholic Frenchmen were ashamed of the E of N regarding at as a regrettable necessity - the Edict was signed with yellow rather than with green wax (colour of permanent royal edicts). In 1629 Richelieu negotiated the Grace of Alais, which abolished the political and military clauses of the E of N. Although the religious clauses were confirmed most Frenchmen hoped for them to be soon abolished. This was cert...
louis xiv

« Persecution of the Huguenots  1661 – 1679 Huguenot’s made to feel unwelcome:  Restrictions were imposed on their marriages and funerals.  Schools and churches were closed.  Huguenots were bribed to abandon their faith, the revenues of vacant   bishoprics being devoted to this objective.  A special government department, the “casse des conversions”, handled   this business – its leader, Paul Pellison, claimed to have converted fifty   thousand at the rate of 10 livres a head.  In 1668 one of the king’s best generals, the Huguenot Turenne, became a   Catholic = blow to Huguenot morale.  During this period number of Huguenots may have fallen from 2 to 1 ¼   million – if this policy was continued, H’s may have disappeared by   1750.  However, in 1679 L adopted a more agresive policy.  His objectives remained the   same – the eradication of heresy and a unified Church and state – but his tactics   changed.  The king and his clergy (the d évots) believed that they had the   Huguenots on the run but they decided that with decisive strokes they could   eliminate the Huguenots before the next century.  Why L abandoned previous   tactics has been  much discussed:  The Peace of Nymegen allowed him to concentrate on domestic affairs  It seemed ridiculous that heretics should defy the Most Christian King in his   own country.  The Huguenot’s presence spoilt national unity.  The king was under pressure from the d évot party to save his soul and the   souls of his subjects.  Court gossip made much of Madame de Maintenon’s role – she convinced   the king that his sexual promiscuity had been unpleasing to God and that he   could only put matters right by converting heretics.  Whatever L’s motives, the more abrasive campaign was launched which meant   that:  The “Chambres de l’ Édit” – courts which protected Huguenot’s interests –   were abolished.  June 1680 all conversions from Catholicism to Protestantism were   forbidden.  Huguenot churches were demolished on flimsy pretexts e.g. celebration of   mixed marriages.. »

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