407 résultats pour "members"

• birmingham

  thrown a Molotov cocktail in the bus and the bus began to catch fire and i yelled « everybody out » and we went out outside . When we went out , the group terrorist hit us with baeball bat . people in the bus went out the bus crawling .finally ,the bus exploded » Its crazy, the men in the testimony has burned the bus to a color of skin its desperate Indeed, as he say by louis , there was a lot of damage because people are injured( white and black) and the bus is ash. The testimony of l...

• Communism

  access to, resources, but the underlying principle is quite similar. Rather than freeing some or even all people in a society to devote themselves to a higher cause, secular communism is designed to allow everyone to pursue personal fulfilment. It may best be characterized by a slogan adopted by Marx that appears to have been first published on the title page of Cabet's Voyage en Icarie (1840): ‘From each according to his ability, to each according to his need' . In other words, each pers...

• Space Shuttle - astronomy.

  The two SRBs, with their combined thrust of some 26 million newtons (about 5.8 million lb), provide most of the power for the first two minutes of flight. The SRBs takethe space shuttle to an altitude of 45 km (28 mi) and a speed of 4,973 km/h (3,094 mph) before they separate and fall back into the ocean to be retrieved,refurbished, and prepared for another flight. After the boosters fall away, the three main engines continue to provide thrust. These engines are clustered at the rear end of the...

• Plant - biology.

  B1 Vacuoles Vacuoles are membrane-bound cavities filled with cell sap, which is made up mostly of water containing various dissolved sugars, salts, and other chemicals. B2 Plastids Plastids are types of organelles, structures that carry out specialized functions in the cell. Three kinds of plastids are important here. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyllsand carotenoid pigments; they are the site of photosynthesis, the process in which light energy from the sun is fixed as chemical energy in the b...

• Detroit - geography.

  of German and Irish immigrants. In the first half of the 20th century, the percentage of foreign-born residents declined, even though many immigrants arrived fromeastern Europe. During World War II (1939-1945), both whites and blacks were attracted from the South to work in the city’s defense industries. In 1950 foreign-bornand black residents each made up about 16 percent of the total population. In the five decades after 1950, the city lost almost half of its population, as many white resident...

• Native American Policy.

  of white settlement dominated policy during the second quarter of the 19th century. IV REMOVAL PERIOD The idea of moving Native Americans to a different part of the country was not new. After the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, President Thomas Jefferson had suggestedthat tracts of land in this vast new territory could be given to native peoples if they agreed to cede their lands in the eastern part of the country. Transfers occurred in apiecemeal way, but no consistent removal program developed u...

• Martin Van Buren.

  political ambitions. The Clintonians cited as one example of Van Buren's unscrupulous methods his support of a convention in 1821 to revise the state's constitution. Van Buren and hisBucktails said they wanted to make the constitution more democratic. The Clintonians retorted that the real aim was to oust them from office. Both sides were right. Therevised constitution introduced a needed extension of voting rights and improved the operation of the state government. However, it also removed many...

• Martin Van Buren

  political ambitions. The Clintonians cited as one example of Van Buren's unscrupulous methods his support of a convention in 1821 to revise the state's constitution. Van Buren and hisBucktails said they wanted to make the constitution more democratic. The Clintonians retorted that the real aim was to oust them from office. Both sides were right. Therevised constitution introduced a needed extension of voting rights and improved the operation of the state government. However, it also removed many...

• Estonia - country.

  protest the expansion of open-pit phosphorite mining in northeastern Estonia. Their success in stopping the expansion prompted further demonstrations as part of thecountry’s independence movement. Since independence Estonia has taken measures to protect the environment. The government has ratified international agreementsto reduce emissions of hazardous wastes and greenhouse gases, as well as to protect biodiversity, wetlands, and endangered species. Estonians cherish thecountryside, and 31 perc...

• Finland - country.

  Productive forestland is the most valuable natural resource of Finland. Spruce, pine, and silver birch are the principal trees used to manufacture wood and pulp andpaper products. Finland lacks coal and petroleum resources and is a net importer of energy resources. However, Finland does have significant deposits of peat, which is cut from thenumerous peat bogs that cover much of the north. Peat is an important heat source for homes, and it provides about 7 percent of Finland’s electricity needs....

• Civil Rights and Civil Liberties.

  A Religious Freedom Although religious freedom has not generally been curtailed in the United States, Roman Catholics, Jews, and members of such unconventional Protestant groups as theOneida Community and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints have historically been discriminated against and sometimes have even been persecuted,although today overt discrimination has almost vanished. The federal Civil Rights Act of 1964, as well as many state and local laws, prohibits religious discrimi...

• San Francisco - geography.

  recognized symbol of the city, opened in 1937. It connects San Francisco to Marin County to the north, one of the wealthiest suburban areas in the nation. With the construction of the Bay and Golden Gate bridges and other links from the city to its suburbs, the San Francisco Bay area has become one large metropolitanregion. San Francisco itself is only 122 sq km (47 sq mi) of land area, but the city’s Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area (defined by the Census Bureau as SanFrancisco, San Mateo,...

• Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.

  child transmission is particularly prevalent in Africa. D Misperceptions About HIV Transmission The routes of HIV transmission are well documented by scientists, but health officials continually grapple with people’s unfounded fears concerning the potential for HIVtransmission by other means. HIV differs from other infectious viruses in that it dies quickly if exposed to the environment. No evidence has linked HIV transmission tocasual contact with an infected person, such as a handshake, huggi...

• Advertising.

  Advertising agencies make money in a variety of ways. When the agency uses the client’s advertising budget to buy time for an ad on the radio or on television or whenit buys space for an ad in a newspaper or magazine, the media outlet allows the agency to keep 15 percent of the cost of the space or the time as a commission. The15 percent commission has become an advertising industry standard and usually accounts for the largest portion of the agency’s income. Agencies also charge clientsfor the...

• West Virginia - geography.

  Forests, mostly of hardwood varieties, cover 79 percent of West Virginia. The principal commercial species are the oak, yellow poplar, maple, birch, beech, black walnut,hickory, and gum. Softwoods include pines and hemlock firs. Flowering trees include the wild crab apple, dogwood, hawthorn, and redbud. Among the many floweringbushes and plants are the rhododendron, which is the state flower, the laurel, blueberry, hepatica, wild geranium, and black-eyed Susan. Insects and disease, mostly introd...

• West Virginia - USA History.

  Forests, mostly of hardwood varieties, cover 79 percent of West Virginia. The principal commercial species are the oak, yellow poplar, maple, birch, beech, black walnut,hickory, and gum. Softwoods include pines and hemlock firs. Flowering trees include the wild crab apple, dogwood, hawthorn, and redbud. Among the many floweringbushes and plants are the rhododendron, which is the state flower, the laurel, blueberry, hepatica, wild geranium, and black-eyed Susan. Insects and disease, mostly introd...

• Ancient Rome .

  attributed to Numa, including the selection of virgins to be priestesses of the goddess Vesta. He also established a calendar to differentiate between normal workingdays and those festival days sacred to the gods on which no state business was allowed. His peaceful reign lasted from 715 to 673 BC. Under Tullus Hostilius (672–641 BC) the Romans waged an aggressive foreign policy and began to expand their lands by the conquest of nearby cities like Alba Longa. When the warlike King Hostilius co...

• Ancient Rome - USA History.

  attributed to Numa, including the selection of virgins to be priestesses of the goddess Vesta. He also established a calendar to differentiate between normal workingdays and those festival days sacred to the gods on which no state business was allowed. His peaceful reign lasted from 715 to 673 BC. Under Tullus Hostilius (672–641 BC) the Romans waged an aggressive foreign policy and began to expand their lands by the conquest of nearby cities like Alba Longa. When the warlike King Hostilius co...

• Ireland Facts and Figures.

  Male 75.4 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 5 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 340 people (2006) Population per hospital bed 233 people (2003) Literacy rateTotal 98 percent (1995) Female Not available Male Not available Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 5.3 percent (2002-2003) Number of years of compulsory schooling 10 years (2002-2003) Number of students per teacher, primary school 19 students per teach...

• Romania Facts and Figures.

  Nonreligious 7 percent Other 7 percent HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 72.2 years (2008 estimate) Female 75.9 years (2008 estimate) Male 68.7 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 24 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 521 people (2006) Population per hospital bed 152 people (2003) Literacy rateTotal 98.5 percent (2005 estimate) Female 97.9 percent (2005 estimate) Male 99.2 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as...

• The Netherlands Facts and Figures.

  HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 79.2 years (2008 estimate) Female 82 years (2008 estimate) Male 76.7 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 5 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 304 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 213 people (2001) Literacy rateTotal 99 percent (1995) Female Not available Male Not available Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 5.2 percent (2002-2003) Number of years of comp...

• Jordan Facts and Figures.

  Female 81.4 years (2008 estimate) Male 76.2 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 16 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 493 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 588 people (2003) Literacy rateTotal 92.4 percent (2005 estimate) Female 87.9 percent (2005 estimate) Male 96.5 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 5.1 percent (1999-2000) Number of years of compulsory schooling 10 years (20...

• Japan Facts and Figures.

  Total 82.1 years (2008 estimate) Female 85.6 years (2008 estimate) Male 78.7 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 3 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 497 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 70 people (2003) Literacy rateTotal 99 percent (1995) Female 99 percent (1993 estimate) Male 99 percent (1993 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 3.5 percent (2000-2001) Number of years of compulsory scho...

• Thailand Facts and Figures.

  HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 72.8 years (2008 estimate) Female 75.3 years (2008 estimate) Male 70.5 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 18 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 3,324 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 455 people (1999) Literacy rateTotal 96.4 percent (2005 estimate) Female 95.1 percent (2005 estimate) Male 97.7 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 5....

• Egypt Facts and Figures.

  Infant mortality rate 28 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 472 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 455 people (2003) Literacy rateTotal 59.3 percent (2005 estimate) Female 48.9 percent (2005 estimate) Male 69.4 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 4.1 percent (1999-2000) Number of years of compulsory schooling 8 years (2002-2003) Number of students per teacher, primary school 22 students per...

• Austria Facts and Figures.

  HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 79.4 years (2008 estimate) Female 82.4 years (2008 estimate) Male 76.5 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 5 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 273 people (2006) Population per hospital bed 121 people (2003) Literacy rateTotal 99 percent (1995) Female Not available Male Not available Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 5.8 percent (2002-2003) Number of years of co...

• Malaysia Facts and Figures.

  Other 6 percent HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 73 years (2008 estimate) Female 75.9 years (2008 estimate) Male 70.3 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 16 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 1,425 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 526 people (2001) Literacy rateTotal 89.9 percent (2005 estimate) Female 86.8 percent (2005 estimate) Male 93 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national p...

• Pakistan Facts and Figures.

  HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 64.1 years (2008 estimate) Female 65.2 years (2008 estimate) Male 63.1 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 67 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 1,353 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 1,429 people (2003) Literacy rateTotal 47.4 percent (2005 estimate) Female 32.4 percent (2005 estimate) Male 61.4 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP)...

• Russia Facts and Figures.

  Nonreligious 28 percent Other 7 percent HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 65.9 years (2008 estimate) Female 73.1 years (2008 estimate) Male 59.2 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 11 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 232 people (2006) Population per hospital bed 95 people (2003) Literacy rateTotal 99.6 percent (2005 estimate) Female 99.6 percent (2005 estimate) Male 99.7 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as...

• Rattlesnake - biology.

  Rattlesnakes are declining in number. The greatest threat to their survival is the destruction of their habitats. Snakes also suffer when their habitats are divided intofragments separated by roads, farms, housing developments, and shopping malls, making it harder for them to find mates, food, and breeding sites. In addition, tensof thousands of rattlesnakes are collected and killed each year by hunters who sell their patterned skin so that it can be made into such products as boots, ties, andbe...

• Swaziland - country.

  convention of 1894 placed Swaziland under the administration of the Union of South Africa (now the Republic of South Africa). Administration passed to the Britishgovernor of Transvaal in 1903 and to the British high commissioner for South Africa in 1907. In 1967 Swaziland became internally self-governing. The nation attainedfull independence on September 6, 1968, with King Sobhuza II as head of state. The king suspended the constitution in 1973 and banned all political activity; under anew const...

• Executive Branch.

  Popular pressure for increased regulation of businesses increased in the early 20th century. This pressure led to laws such as the Pure Food and Drug Acts, and the1906 Meat Inspection Act. Pressure for reform also led to creation of the Federal Trade Commission in 1914 to prevent unfair business practices. Worldwide depressionin the 1930s brought new demands that government take a more activist role in regulating businesses, protecting workers, and ensuring national economic stability. Aspart of...

• Ivan IV Vasilyevich I INTRODUCTION Ivan IV Vasilyevich or Ivan the Terrible (1530-1584), grand prince of Muscovy (1533-1584) and the first formally proclaimed tsar of Russia (1547-1584).

  That same year Ivan resumed rule over all of Muscovy, much of which was in ruins. But in 1575 he farcically abdicated in favor of a Christianized Tatar, SimeonBekbulatovich, for a year. The tragedies of Ivan's existence were not yet over. In 1582 his daughter-in-law Elena appeared immodestly dressed and Ivan censured her.His son Ivan Ivanovich rose to defend his wife, whereupon the tsar killed his son, his only possible respectable heir. This left as heir Ivan’s feebleminded son Fyodor(reigned 1...

• Ivan IV Vasilyevich.

  That same year Ivan resumed rule over all of Muscovy, much of which was in ruins. But in 1575 he farcically abdicated in favor of a Christianized Tatar, SimeonBekbulatovich, for a year. The tragedies of Ivan's existence were not yet over. In 1582 his daughter-in-law Elena appeared immodestly dressed and Ivan censured her.His son Ivan Ivanovich rose to defend his wife, whereupon the tsar killed his son, his only possible respectable heir. This left as heir Ivan’s feebleminded son Fyodor(reigned 1...

• Andorra - country.

  For 715 years Andorra was ruled jointly by Spanish and French co-princes—respectively the Bishop of Urgel and, in modern times, the president of France. Under thisarrangement, which granted Andorra a limited form of autonomy, responsibility for domestic affairs was delegated to an elected general counsel ( Consell General de las Valls ). Judicial matters, foreign affairs, and defense remained under the control of the co-princes. In March 1993 Andorrans voted to end this semifeudal system ( see...

• From Scott v.

  liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights, Governments are instituted, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. The general words above quoted would seem to embrace the whole human family, and if they were used in a similar instrument at this day would be so understood.But it is too clear for dispute that the enslaved African race were not intended to be included, and formed no part of the people who framed and adopted thisdeclaration, for if the lang...

• Richard Bennett.

  that had existed since 1920. He used able people from various government departments to write legislation, to negotiate trade agreements, and to act as economicadvisers. He also built up the political and secret work of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. A Tariff Policy Bennett's tariff policy combined protection for Canadian farmers and manufacturers and special treatment for nations that were members of the British Commonwealth.In 1932, at a Commonwealth economic conference, a series of agree...

• Richard Bennett - Canadian History.

  that had existed since 1920. He used able people from various government departments to write legislation, to negotiate trade agreements, and to act as economicadvisers. He also built up the political and secret work of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. A Tariff Policy Bennett's tariff policy combined protection for Canadian farmers and manufacturers and special treatment for nations that were members of the British Commonwealth.In 1932, at a Commonwealth economic conference, a series of agree...

• San Jose (California) - geography.

  The San Jose metropolitan area is an economic powerhouse. It is the single most important high-technology center in the United States, specializing in aerospace andcomputer technology. Assisting in the area’s steady innovation is its many venture capital firms, which loan money to entrepreneurs starting new companies. It isestimated that the region contains one-half of the leading venture capital firms in the world. Among the nation’s largest companies in the San Jose metropolitan regionare Inte...

• NASA - astronomy.

  Challenger shuttle after launch in 1986 and the Columbia shuttle during reentry in 2003, killing both crews. Investigations traced the accidents to design flaws and tomanagement problems. Both accidents led to design and procedure changes, and to a temporary stoppage of shuttle flights. Following the Columbia disaster, NASA alsoannounced plans to retire the shuttle in 2010, after completion of the International Space Station (ISS), a human orbital research facility. The Constellation program is...

• Salt Lake City - geography.

  adding a runway to the city’s airport. V GOVERNMENT Salt Lake City is governed by a mayor and a seven-member council, which is presided over by a chair. Voters elect each of these officials to four-year terms. Salt LakeCounty is governed by a county mayor elected to a four-year term and a nine-member county council. Council members—six elected from districts and three elected at-large—serve terms ranging from two to six years. The Utah Transit Authority, located in Salt Lake City, oversees publ...

• Foreign Trade.

  tax policies. Direct government support of various domestic industries is also viewed as a nontariff barrier to trade, because such support puts the aided industries at anunfair advantage among trading nations. V 20TH-CENTURY TRENDS In the first half of the 20th century, equal tariffs for similar goods was not the policy of all nations. Countries levied differential tariffs (charging lower tariffs to favorednations) and established other restrictive trading practices as weapons to fight unfrien...

• Berlin - geography.

  new offices of the federal government. Near Tiergarten is the Kulturforum complex, including the Museum of Applied Arts, and the Bauhaus Archives and Museum, whichdocuments the modernist Bauhaus school of architecture and design that flourished from 1919 to 1933. A museum complex lines the south edge of Tiergarten. West of the city center, in the contemporary borough of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf, is the Kurfürstendamm, a boulevard that became the commercial center of West Berlinafter the end of...

• Royal Canadian Mounted Police.

  Perry declared prohibition unenforceable and canceled the policing contracts for the two provinces. The strength of the force dwindled further as its members wererecruited into the military. Many, including Perry, believed it would not last into peacetime. VI EXPANSION TO A NATIONAL ROLE After the war Newton W. Rowell, a federal cabinet minister, was sent across western Canada to assess the future of the Mounties. The options were either to eliminatethe North-West Mounted Police or to expand i...

• Denver - geography.

  Denver is the center of professional sports in the Rocky Mountain region. Major league teams are the Denver Broncos (football), Colorado Rockies (baseball), DenverNuggets (basketball), and Colorado Avalanche (ice hockey). Coors Field (opened in 1995) is the home of the Colorado Rockies. The Broncos began play at the newlyconstructed Invesco Field at Mile High in 2001, and the Nuggets and Avalanche play at the Pepsi Center. The National Western Stock Show and Rodeo, one of thelargest such shows i...

• Senegal - country.

  Although most of the population works in agriculture, Senegal has a growing industrial sector, one of the largest in West Africa. Nevertheless, two cash crops remain atthe foundation of the economy—peanuts and cotton. Important technical and economic assistance has been provided by France and other countries of the EuropeanUnion and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank). In 2006 the gross domestic product (GDP) was $9.2 billion, or $760.90 a person. A Agriculture...

• Dominica - country.

  Other crops are being promoted to diversify the economy away from reliance on bananas. They include coffee, cacao, mangoes, citrus fruit, and root vegetables. Pumice is quarried and exported on Dominica. Manufacturing is on a small scale and largely limited to the processing of farm products. The main manufactured goodsare fruit juices, alcoholic beverages, soap, and essential oils. The island also has electronic assembly plants, data-processing companies, and garment manufacturers. The governme...

• Cameroon - country.

  seminomadic herders of the north. Cattle, goats, and fowl are the most commonly raised animals. B Forestry and Fishing Timber is traditionally one of Cameroon’s most valuable exports, consisting mainly of mahogany, ebony, and teak. The timber cut in 2006 amounted to 11.4 million cu m(401 million cu ft). Most of the fish caught in Cameroon come from the country’s rivers and lakes and are consumed locally. However, deep-sea fishing activity isincreasing, especially from the port of Douala. Some 1...

• Easter.

  Many Easter traditions originated long before the beginning of the Christian era. Like Christmas, which is related to pre-Christian winter festivals, Easter is connected inmany ways with early pagan rituals that accompanied the arrival of spring. Easter is also associated with the Jewish festival of Passover. A Easter Eggs The Easter egg is associated with beliefs of particularly ancient origin. The egg was an important symbol in the mythologies of many early civilizations, including those ofIn...

• Lewis and Clark Expedition.

  took a small detachment into present-day north central Montana, thinking that the course of the Marias River might provide an American claim to fur-rich country inwhat is now the Canadian province of Alberta. In August the groups reunited on the Missouri River, near the mouth of the Yellowstone. They arrived in St. Louis onSeptember 23, 1806. C Relations with the Native Americans and Spanish The Lewis and Clark Expedition made a journey through the homelands of native people. What American expl...