118 résultats pour "blood"
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Turtle.
Turtles use their jaws to cut and handle food. Instead of teeth, a turtle’s upper and lower jaws are covered by horny ridges, similar to a bird’s beak. Meat-eating turtlescommonly have knife-sharp ridges for slicing through their prey. Plant-eating turtles often have ridges with serrated edges that help them cut through tough plants.Turtles use their tongues in swallowing food, but unlike many other reptiles, such as chameleons, they cannot stick out their tongues to capture food. C Limb Structu...
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Turtle - biology.
Turtles use their jaws to cut and handle food. Instead of teeth, a turtle’s upper and lower jaws are covered by horny ridges, similar to a bird’s beak. Meat-eating turtlescommonly have knife-sharp ridges for slicing through their prey. Plant-eating turtles often have ridges with serrated edges that help them cut through tough plants.Turtles use their tongues in swallowing food, but unlike many other reptiles, such as chameleons, they cannot stick out their tongues to capture food. C Limb Structu...
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Elephant - biology.
B Trunk An elephant's nose and upper lip are combined in a long, limber trunk, an exceptionally supple appendage with an estimated 150,000 muscles. The versatile trunk actslike a hand for grasping low-growing shrubs and other food and placing it into the mouth; an arm for breaking off tree branches; or a snorkel for breathing when theelephant's body is submerged. Elephants also use their trunks to suck up water and squirt it into their mouths for drinking or over their bodies for bathing. Nostr...
- Gigantes (Giants) Greek The offspring of Gaia and the blood of the wounded Uranus.
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Lung.
I
INTRODUCTION
Lung, either of a pair of elastic, spongy organs used
lead to emphysema, which is caused by wholesale destruction of alveoli. Other lung disorders include pneumonia, or inflammation of the lungs, which is usually causedby viruses or bacteria; pneumothorax, or collapse of the lung; pulmonary edema, or fluid in the lung; and pleural effusion, or fluid on the pleura. Pulmonary embolismoccurs when a blood clot or other foreign substance lodges in the lungs and blocks the major pulmonary arteries. Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corp...
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Comparative Anatomy.
In comparing two species, anatomists have to be careful to differentiate between homologous structures, which are ones that have evolved from a shared ancestor, andanalogous structures, which have developed from different origins. Homologous structures are built on the same underlying plan. A human arm, a bat’s wing, and awhale’s flipper look quite different from the outside, but the bones inside reveal that these limbs all have the same basic structure. Analogous structures, by contrast,often l...
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Forensic Science.
barbiturates, cocaine, amphetamines, and heroin. When a body is discovered in a lake, stream, river, or ocean and the lungs are found to be filled with water, the medical examiner must determine if the drowningoccurred where the body was found or elsewhere. A standard microscope that can magnify objects to 1500 times their actual size is used to look for the presence orabsence of diatoms, single-celled algae that are found in all natural bodies of water. The absence of diatoms raises the possi...
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Brain.
The hypothalamus lies beneath the thalamus on the midline at the base of the brain. It regulates or is involved directly in the control of many of the body's vital drivesand activities, such as eating, drinking, temperature regulation, sleep, emotional behavior, and sexual activity. It also controls the function of internal body organs bymeans of the autonomic nervous system, interacts closely with the pituitary gland, and helps coordinate activities of the brain stem. D Brain Stem The brain st...
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Alcoholism.
Although a consensus is growing among health professionals that alcohol dependence is a disease, society’s attitudes toward individuals with drinking problems remainambivalent and confused. Until the mid-20th century, the typical picture of the alcoholic was of someone without steady employment, unable to sustain familyrelationships and most likely in desperate financial straits. But this stereotype was largely dispelled when highly respected people publicly admitted their alcoholdependence and...
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Metabolism (chemistry) - biology.
nearly perfect balance. Although much remains to be revealed about metabolic processes, biochemists now agree that regulatory, or rate-limiting, enzymes figure largely in the reactionsinvolved ( see Enzyme). Affecting metabolic pathways at the earliest steps, each enzyme molecule has a specific, or active, site that matches, or “fits,” its particular substrate—the compound with which the enzyme forms a product. The precision with which rate-limiting enzymes and substrates join to set off a parti...
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Birth Control.
without a prescription and used alone or with a condom, diaphragm, or cervical cap. Spermicides used alone must be inserted deep into the vagina before each act ofintercourse and a woman should not douche for six to eight hours after intercourse. With typical use, spermicides used alone are effective in preventing pregnancyabout 74 percent of the time. They may cause an allergic reaction such as irritation of the vagina or penis. B Intrauterine Device The intrauterine device (IUD) is a small pl...
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Mammal - biology.
On land, mammals live in many different habitats, and at a wide range of altitudes. Many mammals dig burrows as refuges or as places to raise their young, but somehave developed a largely subterranean lifestyle, feeding on small animals or plant roots beneath the soil's surface. These animals, including moles and mole-rats, digthrough the ground either with spadelike front paws or with their teeth, and they detect danger by being highly sensitive to vibrations transmitted through the soil.Most m...
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BLOOD ON THEIR HANDS
do. PART II: JE explains why he decided to write thisantismoking article to launch his antismoking campaign/crusade. The answerisquite clear, 18 month before he was diagnosed with throat cancer (l.27)although he is still alive, he's had an operation,which has deprived him ofmore of his larynx. He calls himself "maimed". All of a sudden he has decidedto become a goodboy. God gone was the bad boy image. He goes to church, he hasbecome a family man and wants to see his 4 boys grow up, hehas made a...
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Seal (mammal) - biology.
remote lakes by swimming thousands of kilometers up rivers from the Arctic Ocean. A few other species such as ringed seals and harbor seals have been found livingyear-round in lakes and rivers near the coasts of Russia, Canada, and Alaska. IV DIET OF SEALS Most seals eat fish and sometimes squid. The leopard seal, an Antarctic species, may have the most diverse diet of all, commonly hunting penguins and other seabirds,smaller seals, as well as fish, squid, krill (small shrimplike crustaceans),...
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Cell (biology) - biology.
proteins, or other proteins required by the cell. While relatively simple in construction, prokaryotic cells display extremely complex activity. They have a greater range of biochemical reactions than those found in theirlarger relatives, the eukaryotic cells. The extraordinary biochemical diversity of prokaryotic cells is manifested in the wide-ranging lifestyles of the archaebacteria andthe bacteria, whose habitats include polar ice, deserts, and hydrothermal vents—deep regions of the ocean un...
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From Bulfinch's Mythology: Pyramus and Thisbe - anthology.
In Mickle's translation of the 'Lusiad' occurs the following allusion to the story of Pyramus and Thisbe, and the metamorphosis of the mulberries. The poet isdescribing the Island of Love: '… here each gift of Pomona's hand bestows In cultured garden, free uncultured flows,The flavour sweeter and the hue more fairThan e'er was fostered by the hand of care.The cherry here in shining crimson glows,And stained with lovers' blood, in pendent rows,The mulberries o'erload the bending boughs.' If...
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Heracles (Herakles; Glory of Hera) Greek The
greatest hero of Greek mythology, he was called
Hercules by the Romans.
Amphitryon’s cattle. Heracles killed the lion and ever after wore its pelt (though some say that the pelt worn by Heracles was that of the Nemean lion; see The Twelve Labors of Heracles , right). Heracles then did battle with Erginus, King of Orchomenos, who attacked Thebes. Amphitryon died in this struggle. The victorious Heracles became the idol of Thebes. Creon, the new king of Thebes, gave his daughter Megara (2) to Heracles in marriage. The marriage was not a happy one, and in later years,...
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Excerpt from Love's Labour's Lost - anthology.
BEROWNE. I could put thee in comfort—not by two that I know.Thou makest the triumviry, the corner-cap of society,The shape of Love's Tyburn, that hangs up simplicity. LONGAVILLE. I fear these stubborn lines lack power to move.(Reading ) “O sweet Maria, empress of my love!”— These numbers will I tear, and write in prose.He tears the paper BEROWNE. O, rhymes are guards on wanton Cupid's hose;Disfigure not his shop. LONGAVILLE. ( taking another paper ) This same shall go: (Reading ) “Did not the he...
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Excerpt from Henry IV - anthology.
PRINCE HAL. Or an old lion, or a lover's lute. FALSTAFF. Yea, or the drone of a Lincolnshire bagpipe. PRINCE HAL. What sayest thou to a hare, or the melancholy of Moorditch? FALSTAFF. Thou hast the most unsavoury similes, and art indeed the most comparative rascalliest sweet young prince. But Hal, I prithee trouble me no more withvanity. I would to God thou and I knew where a commodity of good names were to be bought. An old lord of the Council rated me the other day in the street aboutyou, sir,...
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Development (biology) - biology.
Understanding the molecular machinery within cells gives biologists a direct basis for understanding growth, because growth is the synthesis of new protoplasm, andbiologists know the basic mechanism of this synthesis. One key gap, however, exists in this knowledge. Biologists want to know not only how substances aresynthesized but also how growth is controlled so that the proportions of an animal or plant remain consistent from generation to generation. The direction and amountof growth, which a...
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Sexually Transmitted Infections.
D Genital Herpes Genital herpes is caused by infection with the herpes simplex virus (HSV). Most cases of genital herpes are due to HSV type 2. Some cases, however, result from genitalinfections with HSV type 1, a common cause of cold sores. Genital herpes causes recurrent outbreaks of painful sores on the genitals, although the disease oftenremains dormant with no symptoms for long periods. In the United States, one in five individuals over the age of 12 is infected with HSV type 2, and the va...
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Cloning - biology.
found that such embryo cells are totipotent (able to give rise to all the different cell types in the body). Exploiting this characteristic, scientists developed three techniques to clone embryo cells: blastomere separation, blastocyst division, and somatic cell nuclear transfer. A Blastomere Separation In blastomere separation, scientists fertilize an egg cell with a sperm cell in a laboratory dish. The resulting embryo is allowed to divide until it forms a mass of aboutfour cells. Scientist...
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Sleep - biology.
V FUNCTIONS OF SLEEP Although no one knows for sure why we sleep, there are a number of theories. Sleep may have evolved to protect animals from their predators by reducing theiractivity during the times when they are most vulnerable. Research has shown that REM and NREM sleep may serve specific biological functions. Sleep deprivation studies reveal that humans and other animals respond to sleeploss in the same way. When study subjects are deprived of REM sleep, they tend to spend longer period...
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Teeth.
treatments to reduce the risk of tooth decay; clear plastic coatings painted on the teeth, called dental sealants, and applications of the mineral fluoride, which fortifiestooth enamel, are two such treatments. Fluoride is also added to public water supplies in a process called fluoridation, which benefits more than 150 million Americans. Gum disease, or periodontal disease, is a progressive condition that worsens with age. Gum disease occurs when bacteria eat away at gum tissue, causing it to p...
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From Bulfinch's Mythology: Hercules - anthology.
'…amidst the gardens fairOf Hesperus and his daughters three,That sing about the golden tree.' The poets, led by the analogy of the lovely appearance of the western sky at sunset, viewed the west as a region of brightness and glory. Hence they placed in it theIsles of the Blest, the ruddy Isle Erytheia, on which the bright oxen of Geryon were pastured, and the Isle of the Hesperides. The apples are supposed by some to bethe oranges of Spain, of which the Greeks had heard some obscure account...
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From Bulfinch's Mythology: Meleager and Atalanta - anthology.
Althea, when the deed was done, laid violent hands upon herself. The sisters of Meleager mourned their brother with uncontrollable grief; till Diana, pitying thesorrows of the house that once had aroused her anger, turned them into birds. Atalanta The innocent cause of so much sorrow was a maiden whose face you might truly say was boyish for a girl, yet too girlish for a boy. Her fortune had been told, and itwas to this effect: 'Atalanta, do not marry; marriage will be your ruin.' Terrified...
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Schizophrenia.
alcohol than other people. The use of alcohol and drugs often worsens the symptoms of schizophrenia, resulting in relapses and hospitalizations. IV CAUSES Schizophrenia appears to result not from a single cause, but from a variety of factors. Most scientists believe that schizophrenia is a biological disease caused by geneticfactors, an imbalance of chemicals in the brain, structural brain abnormalities, or abnormalities in the prenatal environment. In addition, stressful life events maycontri...
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Excerpt from Timon of Athens - anthology.
Ha? A drum? Th' art quick,But yet I'll bury thee. Thou'lt go, strong thief,When gouty keepers of thee cannot stand.Nay, stay thou out for earnest. He keeps some of the gold, and buries the rest Enter Alcibiades, with drum and fife, in warlike manner; and Phrynia and Timandra ALCIBIADES. What art thou there? Speak. TIMON. A beast, as thou art. The canker gnaw thy heartFor showing me again the eyes of man! ALCIBIADES. What is thy name? Is man so hateful to theeThat art thyself a man? TIMON. I am M...
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Reproductive System.
in which the young develop, and a thinner channel, the vagina, which opens exteriorly. V GENITALS In animals that lay their eggs and discharge their sperm into water, the spermatozoa reach the eggs by chemical attraction; the eggs of individuals of a species attractonly the sperm of members of the same species. When eggs and sperm are deposited at great distances from each other, the number of eggs fertilized is small. Manyamphibians and aquatic vertebrates solve this problem by attaching thems...
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Classification - biology.
species based on the fewest number of shared changes that have occurred from generation to generation. IV HISTORY OF CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS Classification is one of the oldest sciences, but despite its age it is still a vigorous field full of new discoveries and methods. Much like other fields of science, greatthinkers have shaped the course of classification. One of the earliest classification schemes was established by Greek philosopher Aristotle, who lived in the 300s BC. Aristotle believe...
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Native American Literature.
Many Native American writers of the 19th century wrote histories of their tribes. One tribal historian was David Cusick (Tuscarora), whose Sketches of Ancient History of the Six Nations (1827) was the first published tribal history. Tribal histories explained the deep ties that tribes had to their ancestral homelands. Beginning in the 18th century, these ties took on special meaning because the United States government began removing Native Americans from their traditional lands. These removal...
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Beetle - biology.
cut, or crush prey. Beetles that consume nectar from flowers use tubelike mouthparts to suck up nectar like a primitive straw. C Thorax The thorax, the body region behind the head, consists of three segments that provide attachments for the legs and wings. Each segment of the thorax carries a pair oflegs. The middle segment also bears the stiff wing sheaths called elytra, and the hind segment holds the membranous hind wings. D Legs Beetles have six jointed legs, each leg with five parts. The f...
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Mexican War.
men, mostly Mexicans, rode to Nacogdoches to capture the rebellious Fredonians. The small garrison of Fredonians soundly defeated their attackers in the only battle ofthe rebellion. When Mexican troops arrived at Nacogdoches a short time later, the republic had been dissolved and the leader of the colonists had fled to Louisiana. B The Texas Revolution Although the Fredonians were not successful, by the 1830s the population of Mexican Texas included many immigrants from the United States. These...
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Amphibian (animal) - biology.
strong enough to kill potential predators. C Hearing, Vision, and Vocalizations Amphibians rely on their senses to find food and evade predators. Amphibians lack external ears but have well-developed internal ears. Hearing is most acute in frogs,which typically have a middle ear cavity for transferring sound vibrations from the eardrum, or tympanum, to the inner ear. Frogs and toads also use their keen hearingin communicating with one another. Using a true voice box, or larynx, and a large, exp...
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Molecule - chemistry.
attracted to the negatively charged electrons between them. The electrons belong to the molecule as a whole. However, each hydrogen atom now has a complete outershell of two electrons. The formula H 2 describes a hydrogen molecule, a discrete unit. When a molecule contains just two atoms, such as the hydrogen molecule does, it is called a diatomic molecule. Some atoms can form covalent bonds with more than one other atom and thus create a larger molecule. Atoms form molecules with covalent bo...
- Science en anglais : le coeur humain
- Science en anglais
- Human Heart
- Hypertension.
- Anemia.
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- Spleen.
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Urinary System.
correct the defect, permitting normal urination and, later, sexual intercourse. Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
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Hepatitis.
preventing exposure to body fluids of infected individuals, and always washing hands after using the toilet or changing an infant’s diapers. Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
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Bone (anatomy).
Infections of bones called osteomyelitis usually are caused by bacteria, especially Staphylococcus , which enters the body through open wounds and may destroy bone tissues. Tumors, or abnormal growths, occur in bone tissue, though most are benign. Cancerous tumors can be caused by excessive radiation; many radioactivesubstances have an affinity for bone, particularly the marrow, and are readily stored there. Most cancerous tumors in bones, however, are tumors that spread fromcancer in other par...
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Ellroy, James - écrivain.
4 UN ÉCRIVAIN HORS NORMES James Ellroy est aujourd’hui l’un des auteurs de romans noirs américains les plus populaires. Il a réussi à canaliser ses pulsions les plus sombres pour les transcender dans le roman noir. Son style cru et acide dépeint les recoins sombres de la société américaine. Il s’intéresse particulièrement aux structures et au fonctionnement de l’État ainsi qu’à ses pratiques policières. Ses romans revêtent une dimension historique, notamment ceux de la trilogie Underworld U.S....
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Vision.
fluid from inside the eye. The pressure in the eye slowly rises and over many years may cause damage to the optic nerve, eventually resulting in blindness. Maculardegeneration is a serious eye condition that is usually associated with aging. The macula is vital for clear, sharp sight. In people with macular degeneration,deteriorating cells or abnormal blood vessel growth in the macula cause blurred vision in the central area of focus. Vision loss associated with macular degenerationcannot be cor...
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Excerpt from Macbeth - anthology.
As they had seen me with these hangman’s hands.Listening their fear I could not say “Amen”When they did say “God bless us.” LADY. Consider it not so deeply. MACBETH. But wherefore could not I pronounce “Amen”?I had most need of blessing, and “Amen”Stuck in my throat. LADY. These deeds must not be thoughtAfter these ways; so, it will make us mad. MACBETH. Methought I heard a voice cry, “Sleep no more!Macbeth does murder sleep—the innocent sleep,Sleep that knits up the ravelled sleave of care,The...
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Medicine.
C Other Health Professionals Medicine is not restricted to physicians. A wide variety of health care practitioners work in this exciting field. By far the largest professional group is nurses. Registerednurses help physicians during examinations, treatment, and surgery. They observe, evaluate, and record patients’ symptoms, administer medications, and provideother care ( see Nursing). Nurse practitioners perform basic duties once reserved for physicians, such as diagnosing and treating common i...
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Robot.
V IMPACT OF ROBOTS Robotic manipulators create manufactured products that are of higher quality and lower cost. But robots can cause the loss of unskilled jobs, particularly on assemblylines in factories. New jobs are created in software and sensor development, in robot installation and maintenance, and in the conversion of old factories and the designof new ones. These new jobs, however, require higher levels of skill and training. Technologically oriented societies must face the task of retra...
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From Bulfinch's Mythology: Ibycus - anthology.
The choristers, clad in black, bore in their fleshless hands torches blazing with a pitchy flame. Their cheeks were bloodless, and in place of hair writhing and swellingserpents curled around their brows. Forming a circle, these awful beings sang their hymns, rending the hearts of the guilty, and enchaining all their faculties. It roseand swelled, overpowering the sound of the instruments, stealing the judgment, palsying the heart, curdling the blood. 'Happy the man who keeps his heart pure...