183 résultats pour "canadian"
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Museum.
History museums are dedicated to promoting a greater appreciation and knowledge of history and its importance to understanding the present and anticipating thefuture. They range from historic sites and small historic house museums to large, encyclopedic institutions such as the Smithsonian’s National Museum of AmericanHistory in Washington, D.C. Many cities and states have historical societies that operate museums or historic sites. History museums usually collect a wide range ofobjects, includi...
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Census.
Prior to any census, a census agency must develop an accurate list of addresses and maps to ensure that everyone is counted. The U.S. Census Bureau obtainsaddresses primarily from the United States Postal Service and from previous census address lists. It also works closely with state, local, and tribal governments tocompile accurate lists. Finally, census agencies often conduct an extensive marketing campaign before Census Day to remind the general population about theimportance of responding t...
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Inuit.
VII HOUSING, TRANSPORTATION, AND CLOTHING Inuit homes are of two kinds: walrus or sealskin tents for summer and huts or houses for winter. Winter houses are usually made of stone, with a driftwood orwhalebone frame, chinked and covered with moss or sod. The entrance is a long, narrow passage just high enough to admit a person crawling on hands and knees.During long journeys some Canadian Inuit build igloos, winter houses of snow blocks piled in a dome shape (the term igloo comes from the I...
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Winnipeg - Geography.
about to become a territory of the Dominion of Canada, the Métis seized Upper Fort Garry because Canadian expansion was a threat to their own territorial claims andto their unique way of life. This began the Red River Rebellion, which ended with Canada’s 1870 agreement to make Manitoba a self-governing province. Winnipeg wasmade the provincial capital. The young city came into its own after 1885, when the Canadian Pacific Railway was extended to the Pacific Coast, but it did not really boom unti...
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John Macdonald.
dissolution of the existing Union. The Atlantic colonies, which consisted of Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Newfoundland, were considering the question of their own union andplanned to meet at Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, on September 1, 1864. Macdonald saw his opportunity and secured an invitation for the Canadians to attend.The delegates of the Atlantic colonies put off their own discussion until they had heard the Canadians. Macdonald spoke of the advantages in...
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Library (institution).
rooms, special galleries for exhibitions, auditoriums for lectures or concerts, computer rooms, children’s rooms, photocopy rooms, and classrooms. A3 Lending Materials As part of their mission to provide information resources to the community, public libraries allow users to borrow items from their collections for limited amounts of time.To be eligible to borrow public library materials, a user must register her or his name, address, and other basic information with the local library’s circulat...
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First Americans - Canadian History.
bones and artifacts helped 19th-century archaeologists establish the age of ancient human encampments in Europe. Yet, search as they might, American archaeologists found no comparable evidence of a Pleistocene-era human presence. But several sites revealed stone artifacts thatsome scholars believed looked similar to the ancient stone tools found in Europe. On the basis of this similarity, these experts claimed the American artifacts must be asold. By the 1890s, however, other scholars had challe...
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Charlottetown - Geography.
Royalty. In 1864 Charlottetown was the site of the Charlottetown Conference, a meeting between representatives of most of the British North American colonies to discussConfederation. The meeting was a success, and led eventually to the establishment of the Dominion of Canada in 1867. Charlottetown was incorporated in 1855, with a population of 6500. On July 16, 1866, the city experienced its worst of several fires. “The Great Fire” broke out in an oldbuilding near the waterfront. It was thought...
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Calgary - Geography.
and other services to new suburbs is the greatest difficulty. VII HISTORY When European explorers first entered southern Alberta in the 1700s, it was chiefly the domain of the indigenous Blackfoot confederacy. The Blackfoot lived by huntingbison (often called buffalo) and other large animals, as their ancestors had done for perhaps 10,000 years. The evidence of this plains region way of life survives atnumerous archaeological sites, such as the nearby Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump, now a World...
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Christmas.
The new custom of Christmas gift giving allowed the marketplace to exert an unprecedented influence on holiday celebrations. Commercial innovations such asdepartment stores and mass advertising further expanded the custom of exchanging Christmas gifts. Seasonal retail sales helped fuel the economy, causing merchantsand advertisers to become some of the season’s most ardent promoters. Many holiday celebrants regretted these changes, however, and began voicing the nowcommon lament that Christmas h...
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New Mexico - geography.
New Mexico’s major river is the Río Grande, originating in southern Colorado, and flowing southward for 760 km (470 mi) through the state. Between the San LuisValley and Española Valley the river flows in a deep canyon known as the Río Grande Gorge; then, below White Rock Canyon, it flows through several valleys containingagricultural land. Most of the water of the Río Grande is used to irrigate these valleys. The Río Grande’s waterflow in New Mexico is extremely low. One of the major tributarie...
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New Mexico - USA History.
New Mexico’s major river is the Río Grande, originating in southern Colorado, and flowing southward for 760 km (470 mi) through the state. Between the San LuisValley and Española Valley the river flows in a deep canyon known as the Río Grande Gorge; then, below White Rock Canyon, it flows through several valleys containingagricultural land. Most of the water of the Río Grande is used to irrigate these valleys. The Río Grande’s waterflow in New Mexico is extremely low. One of the major tributarie...
- John Napier Turner - Canadian History.
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Canadian Football Hall of Fame.
Fieldgate, Norm Player 1979 Fleming, Willie Player 1982 Flutie, Darren Player 2007 Forster, Sidney (Sid) Builder 2001 Foulds, William Builder 1963 Frank, Bill Player 2001 Fulton, Greg Builder 1995 Gabriel, Tony Peter Player 1985 Gaines, Gene Player 1994 Gall, Hugh Player 1963 Gaudaur, Jake Builder 1984 George, Ed Player 2005 Gibson, Frank Builder 1996 Golab, Tony Player 1964 Grant, Bud Builder 1983 Grant, Tommy Player 1995 Grey, Herbert Player 1983 Gray, Lord Earl Builder 1963 Griffing, Dean Pla...
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Canadian Football Hall of Fame.
Fieldgate, Norm Player 1979 Fleming, Willie Player 1982 Flutie, Darren Player 2007 Forster, Sidney (Sid) Builder 2001 Foulds, William Builder 1963 Frank, Bill Player 2001 Fulton, Greg Builder 1995 Gabriel, Tony Peter Player 1985 Gaines, Gene Player 1994 Gall, Hugh Player 1963 Gaudaur, Jake Builder 1984 George, Ed Player 2005 Gibson, Frank Builder 1996 Golab, Tony Player 1964 Grant, Bud Builder 1983 Grant, Tommy Player 1995 Grey, Herbert Player 1983 Gray, Lord Earl Builder 1963 Griffing, Dean Pla...
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Manitoba - Facts and Figures.
Infant mortality rate 7 deaths per 1,000 live births (2005 estimate) Health-care expenditure per capita 4,406 Canadian dollars (2004 estimate) Adult population with high school diploma 79 percent (2001 estimate) GOVERNMENTProvincial governmentPremier Gary Doer Legislature Legislative Assembly 57 members National representationMembers of the Canadian Senate 6 Members of the Canadian House of Commons 14 ECONOMYGross domestic product (GDP, in Canadiandollars) C$45 billion (2006)...
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New Brunswick - Facts and Figures.
Infant mortality rate 4 deaths per 1,000 live births (2005 estimate) Health-care expenditure per capita 3,865 Canadian dollars (2004 estimate) Adult population with high school diploma 84 percent (2001 estimate) GOVERNMENTProvincial governmentPremier Shawn Graham Legislature Legislative Assembly 55 members National representationMembers of the Canadian Senate 9 Members of the Canadian House of Commons 10 ECONOMYGross domestic product (GDP, in Canadiandollars) C$25 billion (2006)...
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Québec - Facts and Figures.
Infant mortality rate 5 deaths per 1,000 live births (2005 estimate) Health-care expenditure per capita 3,667 Canadian dollars (2004 estimate) Adult population with high school diploma 84 percent (2001 estimate) GOVERNMENTProvincial governmentPremier Jean Charest Legislature National Assembly 125 members National representationMembers of the Canadian Senate 24 Members of the Canadian House of Commons 75 ECONOMYGross domestic product (GDP, in Canadiandollars) C$283 billion (2006)...
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British Columbia - Facts and Figures.
Infant mortality rate 5 deaths per 1,000 live births (2005 estimate) Health-care expenditure per capita 3,970 Canadian dollars (2004 estimate) Adult population with high school diploma 86 percent (2001 estimate) GOVERNMENTProvincial governmentPremier Gordon Campbell Legislature Legislative Assembly 79 members National representationMembers of the Canadian Senate 6 Members of the Canadian House of Commons 34 ECONOMYGross domestic product (GDP, in Canadiandollars) C$180 billion (2...
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Saskatchewan - Facts and Figures.
Infant mortality rate 8 deaths per 1,000 live births (2005 estimate) Health-care expenditure per capita 4,035 Canadian dollars (2004 estimate) Adult population with high school diploma 80 percent (2001 estimate) GOVERNMENTProvincial governmentPremier Lorne Calvert Legislature Legislative Assembly 58 members National representationMembers of the Canadian Senate 6 Members of the Canadian House of Commons 14 ECONOMYGross domestic product (GDP, in Canadiandollars) C$46 billion (2006...
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Ontario - Facts and Figures.
Infant mortality rate 6 deaths per 1,000 live births (2005 estimate) Health-care expenditure per capita 4,274 Canadian dollars (2004 estimate) Adult population with high school diploma 88 percent (2001 estimate) GOVERNMENTProvincial governmentPremier Dalton McGuinty Legislature Legislative Assembly 103 members National representationMembers of the Canadian Senate 24 Members of the Canadian House of Commons 103 ECONOMYGross domestic product (GDP, in Canadiandollars) C$558 billion...
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Alberta - Facts and Figures.
Infant mortality rate 7 deaths per 1,000 live births (2005 estimate) Health-care expenditure per capita 4,275 Canadian dollars (2004 estimate) Adult population with high school diploma 83 percent (2001 estimate) GOVERNMENTProvincial governmentPremier Ed Stelmach Legislature Legislative Assembly 83 members National representationMembers of the Canadian Senate 6 Members of the Canadian House of Commons 26 ECONOMYGross domestic product (GDP, in Canadiandollars) C$240 billion (2006)...
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Nova Scotia - Facts and Figures.
Infant mortality rate 4 deaths per 1,000 live births (2005 estimate) Health-care expenditure per capita 4,021 Canadian dollars (2004 estimate) Adult population with high school diploma 85 percent (2001 estimate) GOVERNMENTProvincial governmentPremier Rodney MacDonald Legislature House of Assembly 52 members National representationMembers of the Canadian Senate 10 Members of the Canadian House of Commons 11 ECONOMYGross domestic product (GDP, in Canadiandollars) C$32 billion (200...
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Prince Edward Island - Facts and Figures.
Infant mortality rate 2 deaths per 1,000 live births (2005 estimate) Health-care expenditure per capita 3,926 Canadian dollars (2004 estimate) Adult population with high school diploma 80 percent (2001 estimate) GOVERNMENTProvincial governmentPremier Patrick George Binns Legislature Legislative Assembly 27 members National representationMembers of the Canadian Senate 4 Members of the Canadian House of Commons 4 ECONOMYGross domestic product (GDP, in Canadiandollars) C$4.3 billio...
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Newfoundland and Labrador - Facts and Figures.
Infant mortality rate 6 deaths per 1,000 live births (2005 estimate) Health-care expenditure per capita 4,253 Canadian dollars (2004 estimate) Adult population with high school diploma 79 percent (2001 estimate) GOVERNMENTProvincial governmentPremier Danny Williams Legislature House of Assembly 48 members National representationMembers of the Canadian Senate 5 Members of the Canadian House of Commons 7 ECONOMYGross domestic product (GDP, in Canadiandollars) C$26 billion (2006)...
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John Diefenbaker.
only Conservative elected from Saskatchewan, which had gone solidly to the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF), a coalition party dedicated to social andwelfare reforms. In 1952 the Liberals in Saskatchewan abolished Diefenbaker's Lake Centre seat altogether by merging it with the neighboring legislative district of Moose Jaw, where theCCF had a vast majority. In 1953 Diefenbaker decided to run for election in Prince Albert. Again he was the only Conservative returned to Parliament fromSa...
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Jean Chrétien.
In 1969, when Chrétien introduced policy proposals based on this principle, indigenous peoples reacted with such hostility that he ultimately had to withdraw theproposals. Despite this and other clashes with indigenous leaders, Chrétien continued to work at improving the government relations with them. By the time he left theDepartment of Indian and Northern Affairs in 1974, he had earned their respect and appreciation for his efforts. Following the 1974 election, Trudeau appointed Chrétien pres...
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Alberta - Geography.
C Climate Except for the mountain areas, summers throughout the province are quite warm. Winters are long and extremely cold. In July, average daily temperatures range fromabout 16°C (about 60°F) along the northern boundary to about 21°C (about 70°F) in the south. In the extreme southeastern section of the province, temperatures of43°C (110°F) have been recorded. In January, average daily temperatures range from about -14°C (about 6°F) at Grande Prairie to about -9°C (about 16°F) atCalgary. Tem...
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British Columbia - Geography.
hemlock, Douglas fir, Sitka spruce, and various cedars, grows rapidly in the mild, wet climate and produces the largest trees in Canada. In the dry lowlands of thesouthern and central interior, ponderosa and lodgepole pines, aspen, and bunchgrass are characteristic. Spruce dominates the Prince George region. Prairie grasses andstands of aspen are found in the northeastern corner of the province. At elevations higher than about 1,800 m (about 6,000 ft), an alpine vegetation of shrubs, mosses,and...
- Hudson's Bay Company - Canadian History.
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Saskatoon - Geography.
were suspended after being charged with dumping two indigenous men at the outskirts of the city in the middle of the winter. They froze to death. The city requested aspecial Royal Canadian Mounted Police task force to investigate the matter. VII HISTORY Indigenous peoples inhabited the Saskatoon area for more than 5,000 years before white settlers arrived. The original settlement was designed in 1882 to be theadministrative center of a temperance colony led by Ontario Methodists. The city grew...
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Prison.
Furthermore, experts disagree about whether imprisoning criminals actually prevents further crime. Some critics charge that American prisons simply warehouseviolence—meaning that U.S. prison inmates are confined and incapacitated in large numbers, with little or no effort made to rehabilitate them. Critics have labeled theresult of this process turnstile justice, referring to the fact that most inmates are chronic and persistent offenders and return to prison following conviction for new crime...
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Yukon Territory - Facts and Figures.
GOVERNMENTProvincial governmentPremier Dennis Fentie Legislature Legislative Assembly 18 members National representationMembers of the Canadian Senate 1 Members of the Canadian House of Commons 1 ECONOMYGross domestic product (GDP, in Canadiandollars) C$1.5 billion (2006) Income per capita 31,526 (2001 estimate) GDP by economic sectorAgriculture, forestry, and fishing 0.4 percent (2004) IndustryConstruction 9.4 percent (2004) Manufacturing 0.2 percent (2004) Mining 6 perc...
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Northwest Territories - Facts and Figures.
GOVERNMENTProvincial governmentPremier Joseph Handley Legislature Legislative Assembly 19 members National representationMembers of the Canadian Senate 1 Members of the Canadian House of Commons 1 ECONOMYGross domestic product (GDP, in Canadiandollars) C$4.2 billion (2006) Income per capita 36,645 (2001 estimate) GDP by economic sectorAgriculture, forestry, and fishing 0.5 percent (2004) IndustryConstruction 8.7 percent (2004) Manufacturing 0.2 percent (2004) Mining 53.5...
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Nunavut Territory - Facts and Figures.
GOVERNMENTProvincial governmentPremier Paul Okalik Legislature Legislative Assembly 19 members National representationMembers of the Canadian Senate 1 Members of the Canadian House of Commons 1 ECONOMYGross domestic product (GDP, in Canadiandollars) C$1,184 million (2006) Income per capita 28,215 (2001 estimate) GDP by economic sectorAgriculture, forestry, and fishing 0.1 percent (2004) IndustryConstruction 16.1 percent (2004) Manufacturing 0.1 percent (2004) Mining 2.5 p...
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Assisted Suicide.
regardless of the fairness of the procedures used (substantive due process). In the Glucksberg case, the Court indicated that the liberty interest protected by the 14th Amendment does not encompass the right to determine the timing and manner of one’s own death. The Court’s decision means that each state may determine whetheror not to prohibit or permit (and otherwise regulate) assisted suicide. In 2006 the Court upheld Oregon’s law permitting physician-assisted suicide. In a 6-to-3 decision,...
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Regina - Geography.
in 1883, was incorporated as a city in 1903, and was made the capital of Saskatchewan when the province was created in 1905. The headquarters of the police forcewere moved in 1920 to Ottawa, the nation’s capital, but the force’s training facility remained in Regina. Regina has been associated with a number of important historical events. In 1885 Louis Riel, leader of the Northwest Rebellion, was tried for treason and executedthere. In 1933 Canada’s newly formed socialist party, the Co-operative...
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Supreme Court of Canada.
whether the leave to appeal will be granted and the case heard by the Court. The Court has no specified criteria by which it determines whether to grant leave, and the Court does not give reasons for its decision. The key factor appears to be acase’s degree of national importance. Other factors might include the impact of uncertainty in the challenged law, the case’s appropriateness for developing the law torespond to changing social needs, and the presence of a split decision at the court of ap...
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Manitoba - Geography.
E Plant Life Forests cover 66 percent of Manitoba. The main forest area is divided into the boreal forest and the mixed-wood forest. The boreal, or northern, forest containsconiferous (cone-bearing) trees, especially white and black spruce, balsam fir, and jack pine. South of the boreal forest is the mixed-wood forest, which contains conifers as well as such deciduous trees as white birch, aspen, poplar, and Manitoba maple. Prairie land is found in the southwest, where the natural vegetation i...
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Whitehorse - Geography.
Another issue in Whitehorse is water quality. Bacteria levels in Schwatka Lake, the city’s water source, have increased in recent years due to population growth in areasabove the lake. In addition, the city’s sewage treatment system discharges wastewater into the Yukon River. The level of waste treatment is not adequate, and thesewage poses a health hazard. Whitehorse is presently improving its sewage treatment system. VII HISTORY Whitehorse was founded during the Klondike gold rush of the lat...
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Great Lakes - Geography.
of 1972 and 1978, have focused on water-quality problems in the Great Lakes. The International Joint Commission on the Great Lakes, established under the BoundaryWaters Treaty, implements and oversees these agreements and has limited authority to regulate obstructions or diversions of boundary waters that would affect thenatural level or flow of lake waters. B Exotic Species The fish populations of the lakes have changed dramatically in the 20th century; changes were wrought at first by overfis...
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Newfoundland and Labrador - Geography.
Precipitation averages about 1,120 mm (about 44 in) yearly in Newfoundland. In Labrador precipitation varies from about 1,020 mm (about 40 in) in the southeast toabout 510 mm (about 20 in) in the extreme north. Heavy winter snowfalls are common, especially in Newfoundland. D Plant Life About one-third of Newfoundland is forested, and most of the rest of the island is made up of barren areas of reindeer moss and lichens. The forests consist almostentirely of conifers. The most important species...
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Native American Languages.
From Nahuatl, spoken in Middle America, come avocado, cacao, cocoa, chile/chili, chocolate, coyote, tamale , tomato , and many others. Contributions from South American languages include jaguar, cashew, tapioca, and toucan from Tupinambá; alpaca, condor, jerky, llama, puma, and quinine from Quechua; and barbecue, canoe, guava, hammock, hurricane, iguana, maize, papaya, and potato from Maipurean (Arawakan). Native American languages, in turn, have borrowed words from European language...
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Paul Martin.
VI CONFLICT WITH THE PRIME MINISTER Martin’s success could not have been achieved without the support he received from Jean Chrétien. Yet relations between the two men continued to deteriorate. In partthis was because of their continuing disagreement about how best to deal with the separatist challenge in Québec. In the 1993 election, a majority of Québec seats hadgone to the Bloc Québécois, and in 1994 the provincial separatist party, the Parti Québécois, won election on a platform promising...
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Windsor (Ontario) - Geography.
In the second half of the 20th century, Windsor experienced periods of boom and bust. After Ford closed its main assembly plant in the city in 1954, the city sunk intoeconomic depression. This period ended with the Canada-United States Automotive Products Agreement (Autopact) of 1965, which removed Canadian import tariffs onautomotive products as long as automakers produced as many cars in Canada as they sold in Canada. This agreement led to new industrial investment in the Windsorarea. A sharp...
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Minnesota - geography.
C Climate Minnesota’s climate is classified as humid continental because normally there is a sufficient amount of precipitation to provide at least some surplus for runoff, andbecause Minnesota’s temperature conditions are largely controlled by its location in the interior of the large landmass of North America. The result is extreme seasonaltemperature variations. The average January temperature is about -18°C (about 0°F) in the northwest and about -10°C (about 14°F) in the south, but thetherm...
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Minnesota - USA History.
C Climate Minnesota’s climate is classified as humid continental because normally there is a sufficient amount of precipitation to provide at least some surplus for runoff, andbecause Minnesota’s temperature conditions are largely controlled by its location in the interior of the large landmass of North America. The result is extreme seasonaltemperature variations. The average January temperature is about -18°C (about 0°F) in the northwest and about -10°C (about 14°F) in the south, but thetherm...
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Prince Edward Island - Geography.
hectares (109 acres) each. In 2006 there were 1,700 farms, of which the average size was 148 hectares (366 acres). In 2005 the total farm cash receipts were C$510million. The most important agricultural products in terms of value include potatoes, milk and cream, cattle and calves, hogs, tobacco, vegetables, eggs, hens andchickens, and furs. For the most part the island’s agriculture is diversified, rather than specialized, because of the lack of a large urban industrial population within easy r...
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Maine - geography.
temperatures range from 17° to 21°C (62° to 70°F) with the southern interior being the warmest and the east coast and north the coolest. However, daytime summertemperatures may reach the lower 30°s C (lower 90°s F), and temperatures in winter have fallen as low as -44°C (-48°F) in the interior. D2 Precipitation Precipitation (rainfall and snowfall) in Maine is evenly distributed throughout the year. Most areas receive from 860 to 1,020 mm (34 to 40 in) yearly, although parts ofthe coast are som...
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Maine - USA History.
temperatures range from 17° to 21°C (62° to 70°F) with the southern interior being the warmest and the east coast and north the coolest. However, daytime summertemperatures may reach the lower 30°s C (lower 90°s F), and temperatures in winter have fallen as low as -44°C (-48°F) in the interior. D2 Precipitation Precipitation (rainfall and snowfall) in Maine is evenly distributed throughout the year. Most areas receive from 860 to 1,020 mm (34 to 40 in) yearly, although parts ofthe coast are som...