24 résultats pour "ethical"

• Medical Ethics.

  medical profession. In recent years, however, the field of medical ethics has struggled to keep pace with the many complex issues raised by new technologies for creating and sustaininglife. Artificial-respiration devices, kidney dialysis, and other machines can keep patients alive who previously would have succumbed to their illnesses or injuries.Advances in organ transplantation have brought new hope to those afflicted with diseased organs. New techniques have enabled prospective parents to con...

• Abortion.

  Intact dilation and extraction, also referred to as a partial birth abortion, consists of partially removing the fetus from the uterus through the vaginal canal, feet first,and using suction to remove the brain and spinal fluid from the skull. The skull is then collapsed to allow complete removal of the fetus from the uterus. III SOCIAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES Abortion has become one of the most widely debated ethical issues of our time. On one side are pro-choice supporters—individuals who favor a...

• Western Philosophy.

  the popular belief in personal deities, but he failed to explain the way in which the familiar objects of experience could develop out of elements that are totally differentfrom them. Anaxagoras therefore suggested that all things are composed of very small particles, or “seeds,” which exist in infinite variety. To explain the way in whichthese particles combine to form the objects that constitute the familiar world, Anaxagoras developed a theory of cosmic evolution. He maintained that the activ...

• Confucianism.

  IV NEO-CONFUCIANISM After centuries of intellectual and cultural dominance by Buddhism, China began to experience a revival of Confucian thought during the Tang dynasty ( AD 618-907). It was led by poet and essayist Han Yu (Han Yü). Han Yu attacked Buddhism and Daoism, which he believed had kept government officials from seeing how they couldhelp the people. To further public welfare, he urged them to study the way of the ancient sages through the Five Classics . Han Yu almost lost his life f...

• Topic: Ethical consumption as an illusion.

  Topic: Ethical consumption as an illusion. Ethical consumption is a practice based on the idea that consumers can have a positive impact on the economy, the environment, and social justice through their purchasing choices. It means making thoughtful and responsible decisions about what we buy to support ethical practices and social and environmental causes. This applies to many areas, such as food, fashion, cosmetics, and household products. So, ethical consumption means avoiding buying an...

• Stem Cell.

  The medical profession used adult stem cells to treat diseases long before anyone isolated one. In 1968 scientists performed the first successful bone marrowtransplant, a procedure in which a patient receives an infusion of healthy bone marrow cells. The purpose of such transplants is to restore the blood-making capabilitiesof the patient’s diseased bone marrow after extremely strong chemotherapy has destroyed that bone marrow. From the beginning investigators suspected that stemcells in the inf...

• Applied ethics

  rule, while benefiting from the fact that everyone else is following it (see Universalism in ethics ). The applied ethicist, like the theoretical moral philosopher, must find a way to deal with this problem, but for the appliedethicist, the problem is bound up with the need to employ what is sometimes called moral casuistry. This ancientscience is not necessarily to be despised, for while a secondary meaning of the term ‘casuist' is indeed ‘sophist' or‘quibbler', it was not or...

• recherch method

  2 Chapter I - Research Question Research consist to investigate a given problem in order to solve it. But before to investigate, we need t o find out the problem. Without issue, investigation is not able to take place. That’s why it is important to find out the issue, the true one . An d for that, we need to follow some steps to choose the appropriate one. The first step is the interest . Before to choose a research question, it is primordial to know what w...

• Euthanasia.

  permission from the family. B In Other Countries In 1995 the Northern Territory of Australia became the first jurisdiction to explicitly legalize voluntary active euthanasia. However, the federal parliament of Australiaoverturned the law in 1997. In 2001 The Netherlands became the first country to legalize active euthanasia and assisted suicide, formalizing medical practices that thegovernment had tolerated for years. Under the Dutch law, euthanasia is justified (not legally punishable) if the...

• Paul Martin.

  VI CONFLICT WITH THE PRIME MINISTER Martin’s success could not have been achieved without the support he received from Jean Chrétien. Yet relations between the two men continued to deteriorate. In partthis was because of their continuing disagreement about how best to deal with the separatist challenge in Québec. In the 1993 election, a majority of Québec seats hadgone to the Bloc Québécois, and in 1994 the provincial separatist party, the Parti Québécois, won election on a platform promising...

• Paul Martin - Canadian History.

  VI CONFLICT WITH THE PRIME MINISTER Martin’s success could not have been achieved without the support he received from Jean Chrétien. Yet relations between the two men continued to deteriorate. In partthis was because of their continuing disagreement about how best to deal with the separatist challenge in Québec. In the 1993 election, a majority of Québec seats hadgone to the Bloc Québécois, and in 1994 the provincial separatist party, the Parti Québécois, won election on a platform promising...

• Nathaniel Hawthorne I INTRODUCTION Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864), American novelist, whose works are deeply concerned with the ethical problems of sin, punishment, and atonement.

• Confucian philosophy, Chinese

  occupies a pre-eminent place in the history of Chinese philosophy. The core of Confucian thought lies in the teachings of Confucius (551-479 BC) contained in the Analects ( Lunyu ), along with the brilliant and divergent contributions of Mencius (372?-289 BC) and Xunzi ( fl. 298-238 BC), as well as the Daxue (Great Learning) and the Zhongyong (Doctrine of the Mean), originally chapters in the Liji (Book of Rites). Significant and original developments, particularly along a quasi-metaphysica...

• Community and communitarianism

  makes fundamental ethical criticism's of one's own community impossible. The success of communitarianism as a political theory depends upon whether it can be demonstrated that liberal political institutions cannot provide adequate conditions for the flourishing of community or secure appropriate support for persons' identities so far as their identities are determined by their membership in communities. 1 Community If I am a member of a community, I conceive of the goals and values I shar...

• Business ethics project

  B-The four CSR Models: The Economic, Philanthropic, Social Web and Integrative Model     The Economic Model of CSR holds that the primary duty of business is to fulfill economic functions. Therefore, the social responsibility of business managers is simply to pursue profits but of course within the law. We usually refer to profits as a direct measure to see how well a business firm is meeting the society's expectations. Profits is in fact the best indication that the company is being effective a...

• al-Tusi, Khwajah Nasir

  al-Tusi's Isma‘ili period, but the break with this past was decisively accomplished in Masari‘ al-musari‘ (The Floorings of the Wrestler) , a refutation of an Isma‘ili Neoplatonic text by the crypto-Isma‘ili al-Shahrastani (d. AH 548/AD 1153) which attacked Ibn Sina for deviating from ‘prophetic theology'. Al-Tusi's vehemently anti-Isma‘ili defence ofIbn Sina is unreservedly polemical, using the same tactic of accusations of weak logic and feeble-mindedness whichhe had employed against al-Razi....

• Confucian philosophy, Japanese

  1 Confucian philosophy in early Japan The earliest extant Japanese histories record that in AD 285 - the actual date was probably a century or so later - Wani, of the Korean kingdom of Paekche, brought copies of the Analects (Lunyu ; in Japanese, Rongo ) of Confucius and the Qianziwen (Thousand Character Classic; Senjimon in Japanese) from Korea to Japan ( Confucian philosophy, Korean ). Even though most scholarship on Japan tends to identify this introduction of Confucian texts with...

• Confucius I INTRODUCTION Confucius (551 or 552-479 BC), Chinese philosopher and educator, one of the most important individuals in Chinese history, and one of the most influential figures in world history.

  From a modern perspective, Confucius’s worldview has certain limitations. He was ignorant of cultural diversity; he accepted the sexism of his society; he shows nointerest in natural science or technology; his political philosophy is undemocratic; and he gives insufficient stress to social change. However, Confucius will no doubtcontinue to inspire people across the world with his vision of social harmony, his insight into human virtue, and his techniques for cultivating ethical individuals. Mi...

• Confucius.

  From a modern perspective, Confucius’s worldview has certain limitations. He was ignorant of cultural diversity; he accepted the sexism of his society; he shows nointerest in natural science or technology; his political philosophy is undemocratic; and he gives insufficient stress to social change. However, Confucius will no doubtcontinue to inspire people across the world with his vision of social harmony, his insight into human virtue, and his techniques for cultivating ethical individuals. Mi...

• Assisted Suicide.

  regardless of the fairness of the procedures used (substantive due process). In the Glucksberg case, the Court indicated that the liberty interest protected by the 14th Amendment does not encompass the right to determine the timing and manner of one’s own death. The Court’s decision means that each state may determine whetheror not to prohibit or permit (and otherwise regulate) assisted suicide. In 2006 the Court upheld Oregon’s law permitting physician-assisted suicide. In a 6-to-3 decision,...

• Plato I INTRODUCTION Plato (428?

  one of the individuals escapes from the cave into the light of day. With the aid of the sun, that person sees for the first time the real world and returns to the cave withthe message that the only things they have seen heretofore are shadows and appearances and that the real world awaits them if they are willing to struggle free oftheir bonds. The shadowy environment of the cave symbolizes for Plato the physical world of appearances. Escape into the sun-filled setting outside the cave symbolize...

• Plato.

  one of the individuals escapes from the cave into the light of day. With the aid of the sun, that person sees for the first time the real world and returns to the cave withthe message that the only things they have seen heretofore are shadows and appearances and that the real world awaits them if they are willing to struggle free oftheir bonds. The shadowy environment of the cave symbolizes for Plato the physical world of appearances. Escape into the sun-filled setting outside the cave symbolize...

• Baumgardt, David

  In his unpublished History of Modern Ethics Baumgardt essayed a synoptic view of the ethical theories of the past two hundred and fifty years. He was especially drawn to the utilitarianism of Bentham , which he came to know well in England. His book Bentham and the Ethics of Today (1952) included hitherto unpublished writings of Bentham, and Bentham's utilitarianism provided the point of departure for his own ethical hedonism. Seeking to rehabilitate a philosophical tradition stigmati...

• Casuistry

  handbooks of the Middle Ages and reached its fullest expression in Roman Catholic textbooks of moral theology of the Counter-Reformation. The method was also embraced by a number of Anglican divines and members of the Reformed tradition. The impetus behind the case-method lay in the desire among theologians and philosophers to discover the moral norms embodied in divine law in the circumstances of human life, rather than finding them in antecedent absolute norms which one could then apply to a s...