18 résultats pour "plato"

• Plato I INTRODUCTION Plato (428?

  one of the individuals escapes from the cave into the light of day. With the aid of the sun, that person sees for the first time the real world and returns to the cave withthe message that the only things they have seen heretofore are shadows and appearances and that the real world awaits them if they are willing to struggle free oftheir bonds. The shadowy environment of the cave symbolizes for Plato the physical world of appearances. Escape into the sun-filled setting outside the cave symbolize...

• Plato.

  one of the individuals escapes from the cave into the light of day. With the aid of the sun, that person sees for the first time the real world and returns to the cave withthe message that the only things they have seen heretofore are shadows and appearances and that the real world awaits them if they are willing to struggle free oftheir bonds. The shadowy environment of the cave symbolizes for Plato the physical world of appearances. Escape into the sun-filled setting outside the cave symbolize...

• Encyclopedia of Philosophy: THE THEORY OF IDEAS of PLATO

  and that only a concrete individual can be a human being? (D) Classes. Attributes serve as principles according to which objects can be collected into classes: objects whichpossess the attribute of humanity, for instance, can be grouped into the class of human beings. In some waysclasses seem closer than attributes to Platonic Ideas: participation in an Idea can be understood without too muchdifficulty as membership of a class. Classes, like attributes, and unlike paradigms and concrete univers...

• Aristotle I INTRODUCTION Aristotle (384-322 BC), Greek philosopher and scientist, who shares with Plato and Socrates the distinction of being the most famous of ancient philosophers.

  succession of individuals. These processes are therefore intermediate between the changeless circles of the heavens and the simple linear movements of the terrestrialelements. The species form a scale from simple (worms and flies at the bottom) to complex (human beings at the top), but evolution is not possible. C Aristotelian Psychology For Aristotle, psychology was a study of the soul. Insisting that form (the essence, or unchanging characteristic element in an object) and matter (the commonu...

• Encyclopedia of Philosophy: PLATO'S REPUBLIC

  sexes in common). Women as well as men are to be rulers and soldiers, but the members of these classes are notallowed to marry. Women are to be held in common, and all intercourse is to be public. Procreation is to be strictlyregulated in order that the population remains stable and healthy. Children are to be brought up in public crecheswithout contact with their parents. Guardians and auxiliaries are to be debarred from possessing private property, ortouching precious metals; they will live in...

• Encyclopedia of Philosophy: THE PHAEDo of Plato

  the body by rivets of pleasure and pain, and are still wedded to bodily concerns at the moment of death, will notbecome totally immaterial, but will haunt the tomb as shadowy ghosts, until they enter the prison of a new body,perhaps of a lascivious ass, or a vicious wolf, or at best, a sociable and industrious bee.Simmias now undermines the basis of Socrates' argument by offering a different, and subtle, conception of the soul.Consider, he says, a lyre made out of wood and strings. The lyre may...

• Encyclopedia of Philosophy: THE EUTHYPHRO OF PLATO

  Euthyphro in the dialogue concedes that his definitions have not turned out as he wished. We may well think, however, that he should have stood his ground, and pointed out that Socrate s was equivocating with the wo rd ‘because', using it in two different senses. If we say that the godly is the godly because it is loved by the gods, we are talking about the word ‘godly'; the ‘because' invokes our stipulation about its meaning. If we say that the gods love the holy because it is holy, the ‘...

• Western Philosophy.

  the popular belief in personal deities, but he failed to explain the way in which the familiar objects of experience could develop out of elements that are totally differentfrom them. Anaxagoras therefore suggested that all things are composed of very small particles, or “seeds,” which exist in infinite variety. To explain the way in whichthese particles combine to form the objects that constitute the familiar world, Anaxagoras developed a theory of cosmic evolution. He maintained that the activ...

• Comedy

  Socrates suffered in the comedy of Aristophanes. Throughout history, opposition to comedy and laughter has been strongest in societies which emphasize physical restraint, decorum and conformity. Many medieval monastic orders had statutes forbidding laughter. The Puritan and Victorian eras saw many condemnations of comedy and laughter. The more authoritarian the regime, the greater its suppression of comedy. Hitler even set up ‘joke courts' to punish those who made fun of his regime - one Berl...

• Mythology.

  Across cultures, mythologies tend to describe similar characters. A common character is the trickster. The trickster is recklessly bold and even immoral, but through hisinventiveness he often helps human beings. In Greek mythology, Hermes (best known as the messenger of the gods) was a famous trickster. In one version of acharacteristic tale, Hermes, while still an infant, stole the cattle of his half-brother Apollo. To avoid leaving a trail that could be followed, Hermes made shoes from thebark...

• Aristotle (384-322 BC)

  to support any detailed intellectual biography of Aristotle. A few points, however, may suggest a partial chronology.(1) Some of Aristotle's frequent critical discussions of Plato and other Academics may have been written (in someversion) during Aristotle's years in the Academy. The Topics may reflect the character of dialectical debates in the Academy. (2) It is easier to understand the relation of the doctrine of substance in the Categories and Physics I-II to the doctrine and argument o...

• Encyclopedia of Philosophy: The Theaetetus and the Sophist of Plato

  channels through which we see colours and hear sounds. The objects of one sense cannot be perceived withanother: we cannot hear colours or see sounds. But in that case, the thought that a sound and a colour are notthe same as each other, but two different things, cannot be the product of either sight or hearing. Theaetetus hasto concede that there are no organs for perceiving sameness and difference or unity and multiplicity; the mind itselfcontemplates the common terms which apply to eve...

• Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Abravanel, Judah ben Isaac ?

  prompting the received opinion that Leone meant to compose a concluding fourth dialogue. This inference isunwarranted. The twenty years between the completion of Dialoghi d'amore and Leone's death suggests that he had ample time to complete the work had he considered it either possible or necessary. Rather, the lack of anexplicit resolution mirrors the structure of the Platonic dialogues, especially the Symposium , the model for all Renaissance writings on love. 3 Philosophical significance...

• Aristotle.

  succession of individuals. These processes are therefore intermediate between the changeless circles of the heavens and the simple linear movements of the terrestrialelements. The species form a scale from simple (worms and flies at the bottom) to complex (human beings at the top), but evolution is not possible. C Aristotelian Psychology For Aristotle, psychology was a study of the soul. Insisting that form (the essence, or unchanging characteristic element in an object) and matter (the commonu...

• Consciousness

  view faces several serious objections. Rival views of introspective consciousness fall into three categories, according to whether they treat introspective access (1) as epistemically looser or less direct than inner perception, (2) as tighter or more direct, or (3) as fundamentally non-epistemic or nonrepresentational. Theories in category (1) explain introspection as always retrospective, or as typically based on self-directed theoretical inferences. Rivals from category (2) maintain that an i...

• Exposé espagnol

• Encyclopedia of Philosophy: RENAISSANCE PLATONISM

• Antisthenes

  who are just as well as brave. The most indispensable item of knowledge Cyrus of Persia acquires is to unlearn what is evil ( fr. 21 ). Few specific examples of appropriate exertions survive. A bad reputation is said to be good and 'equal to exertion' ( Diogenes Laertius, VI 11 ). The sayings ascribed to Antisthenes indicate a strong tendency (congenial to Stoicism) to redraw concepts like kinship and friendship in terms of moral notions such as justice andgoodness, or to prefer the c...