326 résultats pour "producer"
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Islam.
commanded to face the Kaaba, an ancient shrine in the city of Mecca. The Qur’an also refers to the recitation of parts of the Qur’an as a form of prayer. However, evenwith its numerous references, the Qur’an alone does not give exact instructions for this central ritual of prayer. The most detailed descriptions of the rituals for prayer derive from the example set by the prophet Muhammad and are preserved in later Islamic traditions. Somedetails of these rituals vary, however all Muslims agree t...
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American Literature: Poetry
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INTRODUCTION
Phyllis McGinley
American poet and author Phyllis McGinley composed light, witty verse, much of which deals with family life.
Taylor, a poet of great technical skill, wrote powerful meditative poems in which he tested himself morally and sought to identify and root out sinful tendencies. In“God's Determinations Touching His Elect” (written 1680?), one of Taylor’s most important works, he celebrates God's power in the triumph of good over evil in thehuman soul. All of Taylor’s poetry and much of Bradstreet’s served generally personal ends, and their audience often consisted of themselves and their family andclosest frie...
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William Shakespeare
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INTRODUCTION
William Shakespeare (1564-1616), English playwright and poet, recognized in much of the world as the greatest of all dramatists.
Shakespeare’s reputation today is, however, based primarily on the 38 plays that he wrote, modified, or collaborated on. Records of Shakespeare’s plays begin toappear in 1594, when the theaters reopened with the passing of the plague that had closed them for 21 months. In December of 1594 his play The Comedy of Errors was performed in London during the Christmas revels at Gray’s Inn, one of the London law schools. In March of the following year he received payment for two playsthat had been per...
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William Shakespeare.
Shakespeare’s reputation today is, however, based primarily on the 38 plays that he wrote, modified, or collaborated on. Records of Shakespeare’s plays begin toappear in 1594, when the theaters reopened with the passing of the plague that had closed them for 21 months. In December of 1594 his play The Comedy of Errors was performed in London during the Christmas revels at Gray’s Inn, one of the London law schools. In March of the following year he received payment for two playsthat had been per...
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► Chaque sujet est défini par sa classe, ou son rôle dans la produc
tion, qui détermine la forme et...
► Chaque sujet est défini par sa classe, ou son rôle dans la produc tion, qui détermine la forme et les contenus de sa conscience. Q Elle peut aussi être aliénée La relation entre conscience et vérité est en cause, car la conscience de classe risque d'être fausse. Celle de la bourgeoisie croit être la seule possible ; celle de la classe ouvrière peut être « aliénée » par la classe dominante, en acceptant d'adopter ses représentations. G Elle est formée par un langage collectif ► Pour Nietzsc...
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Art, performing
performers in instancing their work is not to say merely that performers are means for the work's transmission. Thefoundry workers who follow the sculptor's instructions and the film's projectionist help to create or transmit thework, but theirs is not the pivotal role of the performer. They might be replaced by technologically superioralternatives without thereby altering the artistic character of the statue or film, whereas the performer's task isineliminably part of works created fo...
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Sistema endocrino - ciencias de la naturaleza.
Las paratiroides se localizan en un área cercana o están inmersas en la glándula tiroides. La hormona paratiroidea o parathormona regula los niveles sanguíneos de calcio yfósforo y estimula la reabsorción de hueso. 6 OVARIOS Estructura de las gónadas humanasLas gónadas (en los hombres, los testículos; en las mujeres, los ovarios) son los órganos que producen los gametos y las hormonassexuales. Los gametos masculinos son los espermatozoides, producidos por división celular en los túbulos seminíf...
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Hormona - ciencias de la naturaleza.
Estructura de las gónadas humanasLas gónadas (en los hombres, los testículos; en las mujeres, los ovarios) son los órganos que producen los gametos y las hormonassexuales. Los gametos masculinos son los espermatozoides, producidos por división celular en los túbulos seminíferos de los testículosadultos. De forma típica, varios millones de espermatozoides maduran en el epidídimo y se almacenan en los conductos deferentescada día. Todos los que no se liberan en la eyaculación son reabsorbidos, com...
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Gusano cilíndrico - ciencias de la naturaleza.
Ancylostoma duodenaleEl anquilostoma Ancylostoma duodenale es una especie de nematodo, o gusano cilíndrico, parásito de los seres humanos. Posee en laboca unas placas afiladas con las que se fija al revestimiento del intestino, desde donde succiona sangre para alimentarse,provocando una enfermedad, cuya gravedad es muy variable según el grado de infestación, denominada anquilostomiasis.Lester V. Bergman/Corbis Las filarias son también nematodos parásitos que pueden infectar a la especie humana p...
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Los microorganismos - (exposé gratuit en espagnol).
¿SON ÚTILES LOS MICROORGANISMOS? Muchas bacterias, protistas y hongos microscópicos resultan extraordinariamente útiles. Numerosos microorganismos viven en los suelos: un puñado de tierra fértil puede contener tres millones de microorganismos.Descomponiendo la materia orgánica, permiten un reciclaje de los elementos minerales, indispensables para la vida. En el medio acuático, las algas unicelulares, cuya masa total es superior a la de las plantas terrestres, producen una gran parte deloxígeno d...
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Sonido - ciencia y tecnologia.
2.2 Amplitud Amplitud y volumenLa amplitud es la característica de las ondas sonoras que percibimos como volumen. La amplitud es la máxima distancia que un puntodel medio en que se propaga la onda se desplaza de la posición de equilibrio; esta distancia corresponde al grado de movimiento delas moléculas de aire en una onda sonora. Al aumentar su movimiento, golpean el tímpano con una fuerza mayor, por lo que el oídopercibe un sonido más fuerte. Un tono con amplitudes baja, media y alta demuestr...
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Sun - astronomy.
A The Sun’s Place in the Milky Way The Milky Way Galaxy contains about 400 billion stars. All of these stars, and the gas and dust between them, are rotating about a galactic center. Stars that arefarther away from the center move at slower speeds and take longer to go around it. The Sun is located in the outer part of the galaxy, at a distance of 2.6 × 10 17 km (1.6 × 10 17 mi) from the center. The Sun, which is moving around the center at a velocity of 220 km/s (140 mi/s), takes 250 million y...
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Pollination - biology.
rapidly as in cross-pollination, because one plant with a beneficial gene can transmit it only to its own offspring and not to other plants. Self-pollination evolved laterthan cross-pollination, and may have developed as a survival mechanism in harsh environments where pollinators were scarce. IV POLLEN TRANSFER Unlike animals, plants are literally rooted to the spot, and so cannot move to combine sex cells from different plants; for this reason, species have evolved effectivestrategies for ac...
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Óptica - ciencia y tecnologia.
Reflexión en un espejo planoLos rayos de luz reflejados llegan al ojo como si procedieran directamente del objeto (en este caso, un balón) situado detrás delespejo. Éste es el motivo por el cual vemos la imagen en el espejo© Microsoft Corporation. Reservados todos los derechos. Las leyes de la reflexión afirman que el ángulo de incidencia es igual al ángulo de reflexión, y que el rayo incidente, el rayo reflejado y la normal en el punto de incidenciase encuentran en un mismo plano. Si la superfi...
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Pulmones - ciencias de la naturaleza.
Respiración en seres humanosCuando el diafragma se contrae y se mueve hacia abajo, los músculos pectorales menores y los intercostales presionan las costillashacia fuera. La cavidad torácica se expande y el aire entra con rapidez en los pulmones a través de la tráquea para llenar el vacíoresultante. Cuando el diafragma se relaja, adopta su posición normal, curvado hacia arriba; entonces los pulmones se contraen y elaire se expele.© Microsoft Corporation. Reservados todos los derechos. Durante la...
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Les principales dates de l'Histoire de la Génétique
1877 Fleming visualise les chromosomes 1882 August Weismann observe la distinction entre des cellules somatiques et\ les cellules germinales; chromosomes observed by Walther Flemming in the nuclei of di\ viding salamander cells. He uses the word mitosis 1887 A Weismann postulates the reduction of chromosome number in germ cells 1888 W Waldeyer coins the word chromosome 1889 Johann Miescher isolates DNA from salmon sperm; F Galton publishes Natural Inheritance (biometry) 1892 A Wei...
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Semilla - ciencias de la naturaleza.
absorción y almacenamiento que extraen material nutritivo del endospermo. En muchas plantas, como el girasol, actúan después de la germinación como órganosfotosintéticos primordiales, antes de que se desarrollen las hojas a partir de la plúmula. 2 VIABILIDAD DE LAS SEMILLAS Algunas semillas, como las del sauce, son viables, es decir, capaces de germinar y transformarse en organismos sanos, sólo durante unos días después de desprenderse del árbol parental. Otras conservan la viabilidad durante...
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Electricity
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INTRODUCTION
Electricity, one of the basic forms of energy.
electrons in the neutral object are attracted to the positive object. Some of these electrons flow to the side of the neutral object that is nearest to the positive object.This side of the neutral object accumulates electrons and becomes negatively charged. Because electrons leave the far side of the neutral object while its protonsremain stationary, that side becomes positively charged. Since the negatively charged side of the neutral object is closest to the positive object, the attraction bet...
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Liver.
by bacterial infections. But hepatitis is most often caused by one of several viruses. The hepatitis A virus (HAV) can produce flulike symptoms and jaundice, but manypeople who contract it have no symptoms. The disease tends to resolve on its own. Because HAV lives in feces in the intestinal tract, hepatitis A is prevalent in areaswhere drinking water is contaminated with raw sewage. Good hygiene practices and a hepatitis A vaccination are effective measures of prevention. Hepatitis B is a more...
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Light
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INTRODUCTION
Light, form of energy visible to the human eye that is radiated by moving charged particles.
simulates the action of a moving charge upon the electric field. It creates a wave that travels along the rope in a direction that is perpendicular to the initial up anddown movement. Because electromagnetic waves are transverse—that is, the vibration that creates them is perpendicular to the direction in which they travel, they are similar to waveson a rope or waves traveling on the surface of water. Unlike these waves, however, which require a rope or water, light does not need a medium, or su...
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Redshift - astronomy.
Astronomers can also use redshift to identify the oldest and most distant objects in the observable universe. Astronomers believe that quasars are the most distantobjects in the universe, because they have some of the largest redshifts. Quasars are objects in space that strongly emit radio waves. Astronomers originally namedthese objects quasars, which stands for quas i-stell ar (or starlike) radio source, because they appear as points of light, like stars, in photographs of the sky. When astro...
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Theater
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INTRODUCTION
The Art of Theater
BBC Worldwide Americas, Inc.
Theater at EpidaurusAncient Greek dramas were performed in open-air theaters like this one in Epidaurus, Greece, which was designed byPolyclitus the Younger in 350 bc. A festival of ancient Greek drama is still held in the summer in this 14,000-seat theater.Roger Wood/Corbis Fundamental to the theater experience is the act of seeing and being seen; in fact, the word theater comes from the Greek word theatron , meaning 'seeing place.' Throughout the history of world cultures, actors have used...
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Physics
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INTRODUCTION
Physics, major science, dealing with the fundamental constituents of the universe, the forces they exert on one another, and the results produced by these forces.
Starting about 1665, at the age of 23, Newton enunciated the principles of mechanics, formulated the law of universal gravitation, separated white light into colors,proposed a theory for the propagation of light, and invented differential and integral calculus. Newton's contributions covered an enormous range of naturalphenomena: He was thus able to show that not only Kepler's laws of planetary motion but also Galileo's discoveries of falling bodies follow a combination of his ownsecond law of m...
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Jacksonville (Florida) - geography.
and southern sections and avoiding the downtown bottleneck where Interstate 95 crosses the Saint Johns River at the Fuller Warren Bridge. In addition to being a regional highway crossroads, the city is a railway hub, with Amtrak passenger service and several freight routes. The city’s expanding airport,located in northern Jacksonville, was the nation’s fastest growing in passenger volume in the mid-1990s. V GOVERNMENT Jacksonville has a mayor-council form of municipal government. The mayor and...
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Kidney.
secretion. An additional function of the kidney is the processing of vitamin D; the kidney converts this vitamin to an active form that stimulates bone development. Several hormones are produced in the kidney. One of these, erythropoietin, influences the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow. When the kidney detectsthat the number of red blood cells in the body is declining, it secretes erythropoietin. This hormone travels in the bloodstream to the bone marrow, stimulating theproducti...
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Sismo - ciencias de la naturaleza.
como ocurre en la falla de San Andrés en California y México, o es subducida (se desliza bajo otra). Los sismos de las zonas de subducción son casi la mitad de los sucesossísmicos destructivos y liberan el 75% de la energía sísmica. Están concentrados en el llamado Anillo de Fuego, una banda estrecha de unos 35.000 km de longitud quecoincide con las orillas del océano Pacífico. En estos sismos los puntos donde se rompe la corteza terrestre suelen estar a gran profundidad, hasta 645 km bajo tierr...
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Alzheimer's Disease.
compared residents of Ibadan, Nigeria, who eat a mostly low-fat vegetarian diet, with African Americans living in Indianapolis, Indiana, whose diet included a variety ofhigh-fat foods. The Nigerians were less likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease compared to their U.S. counterparts. Some researchers suspect that health problems suchas high blood pressure, atherosclerosis (arteries clogged by fatty deposits), high cholesterol levels, or other cardiovascular problems may play a role in the devel...
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Togo - country.
corn, millet, and sorghum. The leading export crops are coffee, cotton, groundnuts, and cacao. Livestock, chiefly sheep and goats, are raised on the northern plateau.Fish are caught in Togo’s rivers and in the Gulf of Guinea. B Mining and Manufacturing Togo is a leading producer of phosphates, which are by far the country’s most significant mineral product. In 2004, 400,000 metric tons of phosphate rock were mined.Industrial activity is limited but growing. The leading manufactures include ceme...
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Árbol - ciencias de la naturaleza.
Brote de pino de WollemiEste tubo de ensayo contiene un diminuto brote de pino de Wollemi, un árbol descubierto a finales de 1994 en el parque nacional deWollemi, cerca de Sydney, Australia. Se trata de una planta del cretácico que se creía extinguida desde hace más de 50 millones deaños. En el jardín botánico de Mount Annan, en Sydney, se están obteniendo clones de los brotes.Sydney Morning Herald/AP/Wide World Photos Hay árboles desde el periodo devónico de la era paleozoica ( véase Geología:...
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Conceptual analysis
Kant's important idea that conceptual truths can be either analytic a priori or synthetic a priori is effectively erased by Gottlob Frege in his Foundations of Arithmetic (1884). Frege's overriding philosophical aim is to put mathematical proof on a firm footing by reducing the truths of arithmetic to analytic truths of logic. In view of this, the proper goal of an analysis is the production of non-circular, explanatory, yet meaning-preserving general definitions of fundamental concepts -...
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Suelo - ciencias de la naturaleza.
Los suelos muestran gran variedad de aspectos, fertilidad y características químicas en función de los materiales minerales y orgánicos que lo forman. El color es uno de loscriterios más simples para calificar las variedades de suelo. La regla general, aunque con excepciones, es que los suelos oscuros son más fértiles que los claros. Laoscuridad suele ser resultado de la presencia de grandes cantidades de humus. A veces, sin embargo, los suelos oscuros o negros deben su tono a la materia mineral...
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Law.
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INTRODUCTION
Law, body of official rules and regulations, generally found in
their rules are reviewable by the courts. U.S. constitutional law is the most extensive and pervasive of any country in the world. It is embodied in the Constitution and in the opinions of the U.S. Supreme Courtrendered over time. Through its power of judicial review, the Supreme Court may invalidate any legislation or other governmental actions that it finds to be in violationof the Constitution. Constitutional courts in some civil-law countries have similar powers. In the United Kingdom no equ...
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Musical Instruments
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INTRODUCTION
World Music Tour
Click on the instruments to hear music from around the world.
Traditional Timbila of MozambiqueAmong the Chopi, who have lived for centuries along the coast of Mozambique, there is a highly developed tradition ofsongwriting and composing for timbila (xylophone) orchestras. Elaborate migodo (dance suites), interspersed with poeticsongs pertaining to village life, are often performed to these compositions. Timbila music is now recognized as the nationalmusic of Mozambique."Eduardo Durao Mauaia" from Eduardo Durao and Orquestra Durao: Timbila (Cat.# Globestyl...
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Digestive System.
The stomach, located in the upper abdomen just below the diaphragm, is a saclike structure with strong, muscular walls. The stomach can expand significantly to storeall the food from a meal for both mechanical and chemical processing. The stomach contracts about three times per minute, churning the food and mixing it with gastricjuice. This fluid, secreted by thousands of gastric glands in the lining of the stomach, consists of water, hydrochloric acid, an enzyme called pepsin, and mucin (the...
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Elementary Particles
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INTRODUCTION
Structure of Matter
Modern physics has revealed successively deeper layers of structure in ordinary matter.
The most fundamental particles that make up matter fall into the fermion category. These fermions cannot be split into anything smaller. The particles that carry theforces acting on matter and antimatter are bosons called force carriers. Force carriers are also fundamental particles, so they cannot be split into anything smaller.These bosons carry the four basic forces in the universe: the electromagnetic, the gravitational, the strong (force that holds the nuclei of atoms together), and the wea...
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Computer Science.
theoretical research is called algorithmic complexity. Computer scientists in this field seek to develop techniques for determining the inherent efficiency of algorithmswith respect to one another. Another area of theoretical research called computability theory seeks to identify the inherent limits of computation. Software engineers use programming languages to communicate algorithms to a computer. Natural languages such as English are ambiguous—meaning that theirgrammatical structure and vocab...
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Rap
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INTRODUCTION
Jay-Z
Rapper Jay-Z rose to popularity with such albums as Vol.
Run-DMCTypically in rap music, vocalists recite rhyming lyrics in time to a beat that may be sampled from prerecorded music byother groups. Black youths developed rap music on the streets of inner cities in the United States during the 1970s, butthe style has expanded to include a wider variety of performers and audiences. The rap group Run-DMC, shown here, wasa powerful early influence in the genre. The group helped bring rap music into the mainstream when it released “WalkThis Way” (1986), a s...
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Botswana - country.
at birth was 50.2 years, also a significant improvement. The urban population of Botswana has increased rapidly, from 18 percent of the total in 1981 to 51 percent in 2003. Gaborone, the capital, is the largest city and mainbusiness center. Other business centers are Francistown, Selebi-Pikwe, Molepolole, Kanye, and Serowe. Botswana received its name from the country’s principal ethnic group, the Tswana. Other ethnic groups include the Kgalagadi, Kalanga, and Basarwa. There are also asmall numbe...
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Seal (mammal) - biology.
remote lakes by swimming thousands of kilometers up rivers from the Arctic Ocean. A few other species such as ringed seals and harbor seals have been found livingyear-round in lakes and rivers near the coasts of Russia, Canada, and Alaska. IV DIET OF SEALS Most seals eat fish and sometimes squid. The leopard seal, an Antarctic species, may have the most diverse diet of all, commonly hunting penguins and other seabirds,smaller seals, as well as fish, squid, krill (small shrimplike crustaceans),...
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Diseases of Animals.
infected animal. It may also spread in milk or in garbage that contains contaminated meat. Typical symptoms include blisters that appear on the mouth and feet;animals may become lame when their hooves degenerate. Canine distemper is a highly contagious disease caused by the paramyxovirus, which is transmitted in discharges from the nose and eyes. Symptoms begin with fever,malaise, and nasal and ocular discharges and may progress to convulsions and other nervous system disorders. Parvoviruses aff...
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Musical
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INTRODUCTION
George Gershwin
American pianist, songwriter, and composer George Gershwin was one of the most important figures in popular song in
the 1920s and 1930s.
C Extravaganzas Another predecessor of musical comedy, the extravaganza, evolved soon after the American Civil War (1861-1865) from traditional English pantomime. Extravaganzaswere typically based on fairy tales and Mother Goose. They introduced some of the elements—songs, dances, and comedy combined with spectacular stage sets andeffects—that American musical comedy later became known for. The first and most famous extravaganza show was The Black Crook (1866), often described as America’s fi...
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Sigmund Freud.
reminiscences from the past and about her daydreams. Remarkably, as her narrative revisited memories from the past, which were associated with the onset of aparticular symptom, each symptom disappeared when accompanied by an emotional outburst. Breuer made use of this discovery to eliminate her symptoms one at atime. He called the treatment the cathartic technique (from the Greek katharsis meaning “purgation”). The treatment was time consuming and required considerable effort to reach dimly re...
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Popular Music
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INTRODUCTION
Satchmo Sings "Back O' Town Blues"
One of the founders of instrumental jazz music, American Louis Armstrong, known as Satchmo, also profoundly influenced
vocal jazz and popular song.
disseminating popular music until the 1920s remained printed sheet music. By the late 19th century, the music-publishing business was centralized in New York City,particularly in an area of lower Manhattan called Tin Pan Alley. “After the Ball” (1892) by Charles K. Harris, the first popular song to sell 1 million copies—in this case, ofsheet music—inspired rapid growth in the music-publishing industry. Composers were hired to rapidly produce popular songs by the dozens, and the techniques ofFost...
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Solar System - astronomy.
dwarf planets according to the IAU because they have rounded shapes from their own gravity but have not cleared their neighborhoods in space of other objects—bothorbit through the Kuiper Belt, a region beyond Neptune containing thousands of small icy bodies. Pluto and Eris are composed of layers of ice around a rocky core.Ceres qualifies as a dwarf planet because it is spherical but is found in the asteroid belt, a zone between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter that contains thousands of smallrocky...
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Republic of Singapore - country.
Singaporeans of Chinese and Indian ancestry live in small, nuclear families. Housing favors smaller families, as most units consist of small apartments in high-risebuildings. Western clothing is common, and foods reflect the Chinese, Malay, and Indian origins of the people. D Social Issues Since Singapore became an independent state in 1965, government policies have brought orderliness and efficiency to the country. Examples are supplanting slum andsquatter areas with high-rise public housing p...
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Sudan - country.
B Principal Cities and Political Divisions The principal city is Khartoum, the capital; other major cities include Omdurman and Khartoum North, major industrial centers, and Port Sudan, a seaport on the RedSea. Sudan is divided into 26 states. C Religion and Language About 70 percent of the people of Sudan are Muslims, some 15 percent are Christians, and most of the remainder follow traditional religions. The people of northernSudan are predominantly Sunni Muslims (Sunni Islam). Most of the pe...
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Heredity - biology.
allele from the mother and a mutated allele from the father. In both of these cases, the child will be a carrier. The child develops the disease only if he or she receives amutated allele from each parent. When both parents are carriers, there is a 25 percent chance that a child will be disease-free, a 25 percent chance that it will have thedisease, and a 50 percent chance that it will be a carrier. Examples of genetic diseases that follow the dominant-recessive pattern include sickle-cell anemi...
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Costa Rica - country.
protection from future deforestation is not guaranteed. Deforestation places Costa Rica’s rich biodiversity in danger. The country’s location on the cusp between Northand South America and its abundance of tropical forests make it home to a great variety of species, many of them rare and threatened. Deforestation also contributesto the country’s problematic rate of soil erosion. Costa Rica is party to international treaties concerning biodiversity, climate change ( see Global Warming), endangere...
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Atlantic Slave Trade.
members of the planters’ society. Through most of the years of the Atlantic trade, prices for Africans remained favorable in relation to the price of the crops theyproduced. They were, thus, the best economic solution for plantation owners seeking inexpensive labor. The Atlantic slave trade began as a trickle in the 1440s and grew slowly through the 17th century. By 1700, 25,000 slaves, on average, were crossing the Atlantic everyyear. After 1700 the trade grew much more rapidly to a peak in the...
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Trinidad and Tobago - country.
III PEOPLE The history of Trinidad and Tobago is reflected in the makeup of its population, among the most ethnically diverse in the Caribbean. Blacks of African ancestry andAsians of Indian ancestry each make up about 40 percent of the population. The remainder is mainly of mixed ancestry, although there are also small groups of peopleof Chinese, European, South American, and Middle Eastern descent. The ethnic diversity of Trinidad and Tobago owes its origins to slavery and its abolition. Afr...