ERNST, MAX
Publié le 22/02/2012
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ERNST, MAX (1891–1976), painter, illustrator, and sculptor; member of Cologne's
Dada* circle and a founder of French Surrealism. Born in Bru¨ hl, as a
young man (1908–1911) he studied philosophy and psychology, training himself
as an artist in his spare time. Aroused by Nietzsche's philosophy and van Gogh's
art, he was attracted to Expressionism,* joined Junge Rheinland, and began
painting in earnest in 1912, exhibiting with Hans Arp and Paul Klee* at Berlin's*
Sturm gallery in 1913. In 1919, after serving in the war, he and several
other artists formed a Dada circle in Cologne; he displayed his work, mostly
collages, at Berlin's First International Dada Fair of June 1920. Invited in 1921
by Andre´ Breton to exhibit in Paris, he moved to France and helped found
Surrealism in 1924. With Man Ray, Picasso, Arp, and Klee, he exhibited at the
1925 Premie`re Exposition surre´aliste. Disparaged in 1926 for creating costumes
for the ballet Romeo and Juliet, he officially broke with Surrealism but remained
intellectually faithful to the movement.
Ernst's work has a symbolic, dreamlike quality. Swamps, forests, and prehistoric
landscapes—sometimes containing mythological figures—evoke mystery.
In 1925 he developed his trademark technique of ‘‘frottage,'' in which the paper
to be painted is placed over a rough surface such as grained wood and rubbed
until it acquires the surface's quality. Following a sojourn in Switzerland, he
began sculpting in 1934. The Nazis included his work in their 1937 exhibit
Entartete Kunst (Degenerate Art). He was interned in France after the outbreak
of World War II, but escaped to Spain and flew to the United States in 1941.
Liens utiles
- Max Ernst : L'EUROPE APRES LA PLUIE
- Max Ernst 1891-1976 Sainte Cécile (le piano invisible)
- FORÊT de Max ERNST
- Max Ernst - KUNSTLER.
- Planck Max Karl Ernst Ludwig , 1858-1947, né à Kiel, physicien allemand.