2334 résultats pour "basant"

• horloges et montres 1 PRÉSENTATION horloges et montres, instruments indiquant l'heure et mesurant

  l’échappement à levier de Mudge avaient permis d’améliorer la précision des montres. C’est au XVII e siècle que se généralisèrent les aiguilles des minutes et des secondes, ainsi que les verres de protection du cadran. Au cours des siècles qui précédèrent l’apparition des pièces manufacturées, fabriquer des horloges et des montres précises et robustes exigeait une main-d’œuvre hautement qualifiée. Certaines organisations locales d’artisans, telles que la Corporation des horlogers de Paris (1...

• Définition du terme: CÔTÉ, substantif masculin.

  CLAUDEL, Poèmes de guerre, 1916, page 547 ). 2. Par analogie. a) Partie latérale d'un ensemble. Ils usaient beaucoup leurs souliers sur les côtés (JULES FLEURY-HUSSON, DIT CHAMPFLEURY, Les Aventures de Mademoiselle Mariette, 1853, page 148 ). La vraie justice, qui veut que la marchandise et le prix soient égaux, comme les deux côtés d'une balance (ÉMILE ERCKMANN ET ALEXANDRE CHATRIAN, DITS ERCKMANN-CHATRIAN, L'Ami Fritz, 1864, page 140 ). Fabrizio (...) se tourna vers le côté de la route (JULIEN...

• Crafts.

  VI POTTERY Ceramic objects can be molded completely by hand or thrown (shaped) on a potter's wheel, a device with a rotating horizontal disk. When the clay hardens, it is fired ina high-temperature oven, or kiln, to strengthen it. To make the object waterproof, glazes may then be applied and the piece fired again. Although hand construction iseasy to master, throwing on the potter's wheel requires practice. Several simple tools are used by potters, including sponges, trimming tools, wooden sha...

• La Communauté économique européenne (CEE) a été créée par la signature du traité de Marché commun le 25 mars 1957.

  membres exercent la présidence pour six mois à tour de rôle. De 1959 à 1979, les députés au Parlement européen furent désignés par les Parlements nationaux. La première élection au suffrage universel direct eut lieu en 1979, conformément à l'acte de Bruxelles du 20 septembre 1976. Les députés sont au nombre de 626 ; ils sont élus pour cinq ans, et le nombre de sièges par État (de 6 à 99) est établi en fonction du nombre d'habitants ; chaque État choisit son mode de scrutin. Le Parlement é...

• Kosovo.

  massacre de 45 civils kosovars crée une vive émotion, et la pression militaire de l’OTAN s’accroît. Le Groupe de contact organise à Londres en janvier, à Rambouillet enfévrier, et à Paris en mars, des pourparlers auxquels participent les autorités yougoslaves et les principales formations albanaises, dont l’UCK. 3.5 La transformation du conflit en guerre Entériné par l’UCK, l’accord final du 15 mars 1999 est rejeté par la Yougoslavie, qui refuse la présence des forces de l’OTAN. Une ultime tent...

• Étroitement lié à l'histoire du socialisme, le syndicalisme a été traversé par les mêmes courants idéologiques et a connu, selon l'état de l'économie et la situation politique, des phases d'expansion et des moments de crise.

  l'organisation de fédérations dans certaines grandes villes. Ainsi furent créées à Paris, à Lyon, à Marseille et à Rouen des Chambres fédérales des sociétés ouvrières, et l'idée d'une fédération élargie fit son apparition. Ce mouvement fut interrompu par la guerre et la répression qui suivit la Commune. En 1872, l'Union syndicale ouvrière de Paris fut dissoute. Cependant, on assista très rapidement à un réveil du mouvement syndical. Dès 1881, on dénombrait cinq cents chambres syndicales dans l'e...

• Denver - geography.

  Denver is the center of professional sports in the Rocky Mountain region. Major league teams are the Denver Broncos (football), Colorado Rockies (baseball), DenverNuggets (basketball), and Colorado Avalanche (ice hockey). Coors Field (opened in 1995) is the home of the Colorado Rockies. The Broncos began play at the newlyconstructed Invesco Field at Mile High in 2001, and the Nuggets and Avalanche play at the Pepsi Center. The National Western Stock Show and Rodeo, one of thelargest such shows i...

• À la jonction de l'Afrique, de la Méditerranée et de l'Europe, le Maroc, peuplé d'Arabes et de Berbères, est un pays islamique depuis le VII e siècle.

  plateau central, élément du socle primaire, où les oueds s'enfoncent profondément jusqu'à l'Océan, isolant une région aux portes mêmes de la capitale ; puis le Dir (le « poitrail »), piémont aux terres riches en eau s'étendant de Beni-Mellal jusqu'au sud de Marrakech ; enfin, la plaine triangulaire du Sous débouchant sur l'Atlantique à Agadir. Mais l'originalité du Maroc tient surtout à la grande étendue des plaines atlantiques (Chaouïa, Doukkala, Abda), qui s'intercalent entre...

• Partei - Politik.

  und/oder ihrer Partei durch Ämterpatronage, Korruption und Machtmissbrauch politische und wirtschaftliche Vorteile zu verschaffen, diskreditieren immer wieder das Bildder Parteien in der Öffentlichkeit. In eine Legitimationskrise droht das Parteiensystem zu geraten, wenn die dominierenden Parteien Wahlversprechen brechen und wenn sie sich neuen politischenHerausforderungen nicht gewachsen zeigen. Als Folge der Partei- und Politikverdrossenheit kann Parteien dann eine Konkurrenz in Form von Bürge...

• automobile, industrie1PRÉSENTATIONautomobile, industrie, secteur de production industrielle englobant la conception, la fabrication et la commercialisation des véhicules automobiles.

  Vers 1911, plus de 600 000 voitures circulent sur les routes américaines, beaucoup plus que dans les pays européens, mais la plupart de ces véhicules fonctionnent encore à la vapeur ou à l’électricité. La France est, en 1913, le premier exportateur mondial d’automobiles. L’industrie nationale est passée d’une production de 1 850 véhicules en 1898, à 45 000 à la veille de la Première Guerre mondiale. Les Établissements Renault, qui ont produit 6 véhicules en 1898, en commercialisent près de 4 5...

• automobile, industrie.

  Vers 1911, plus de 600 000 voitures circulent sur les routes américaines, beaucoup plus que dans les pays européens, mais la plupart de ces véhicules fonctionnent encore à la vapeur ou à l’électricité. La France est, en 1913, le premier exportateur mondial d’automobiles. L’industrie nationale est passée d’une production de 1 850 véhicules en 1898, à 45 000 à la veille de la Première Guerre mondiale. Les Établissements Renault, qui ont produit 6 véhicules en 1898, en commercialisent près de 4 5...

• La science est-elle vraisemblable ?

  nécessaire d'envisager la seconde catégorie, qui consiste en la généralisation de l'énoncé singulier, et dont lesénoncés, dits énoncés généraux, peuvent seuls prétendre appartenir à la science. Considérons l'exemple empruntéau domaine de la Chimie : « l'acide fait virer le papier de tournesol au rouge » On remarque ici, qu'à la différence desénoncés singuliers, les énoncés généraux contiennent des affirmations concernant les propriétés ou lecomportement d'un aspect de l'univers. Ils po...

• Dictionnaire en ligne: DURANT, préposition; DURANT QUE, locution conjonctivale.

  Ø 3.... et il [Hippolyte] nageait à sec sur le carreau en se débattant et en se lamentant Pour les enfants ces jeux-là sont tout un drame, toute une fiction scénique (...) qu'ils miment et rêvent durant des heures entières, et dont l'illusion les gagne et les saisit véritablement. AURORE DUPIN, BARONNE DUDEVANT, DITE GEORGE SAND, Histoire de ma vie, tome 2, 1855, page 251. ß ) Durant + substantif (de forme ou de valeur déverbale et durative) désignant. Durant + substantif (de forme ou de vale...

• Djibouti (country) - country.

  l’Unité et de la Démocratie (FRUD; Front for the Renewal of Unity and Democracy) represents the Afar minority. The Parti National Démocratique (PND; Democratic National Party) and the Parti du Renouveau Démocratique (PRD; Democratic Renewal Party) are both small opposition parties favoring democratic reforms. VI HISTORY Djibouti lies at a major global crossroads where, some 100,000 years ago, early humans migrated from Africa to the Middle East. Livestock herding, which remainsimportant...

• Bowling.

  In each of the first nine frames the bowler rolls one or two balls. If the bowler knocks down all ten pins with the first ball, he or she has rolled a strike, the best roll possible. An X is recorded on the scoresheet or screen, and the bowler receives ten points (the number of pins knocked down) plus a bonus of the number of pins thebowler knocks down in his or her next two bowls. The maximum possible score in a strike frame, therefore, is 30: the strike followed by two more strikes on subseq...

• vin - agriculture et agroalimentaire.

  avec de l’eau-de-vie de marc. Le vin doux naturel (VDN) est obtenu par mutage, c’est-à-dire un vinage en cours de fermentation du moût pour la stopper, laissant ainsi unequantité plus ou moins importante de sucre non fermenté qui caractérise des vins plus ou moins doux comme les vins doux naturels du Languedoc-Roussillon, le porto, etc.Le vinage, après fermentation complète, est pratiqué sur des vins d’élaboration complexe comme le xérès ou le madère. 3.2 Traitements particuliers La qualité du...

• Badminton.

  Once play has started, players tend to hit straight, low-flying shots called drives. When the shuttle remains close to the center of the court, net shots can be a goodoption. Net shots can be hard-hit or delicate. They are aimed at the front area of the opponent’s court, forcing the opponent to play the shot close to the net. If the opponent manages to return a net shot, the return must be hit high to clear the net. This gives the player a chance for a smash—the deadliest attacking stroke inbadm...

• Reproductive System.

  in which the young develop, and a thinner channel, the vagina, which opens exteriorly. V GENITALS In animals that lay their eggs and discharge their sperm into water, the spermatozoa reach the eggs by chemical attraction; the eggs of individuals of a species attractonly the sperm of members of the same species. When eggs and sperm are deposited at great distances from each other, the number of eggs fertilized is small. Manyamphibians and aquatic vertebrates solve this problem by attaching thems...

• Comoros - country.

  Since 1981 the currency has been the Comorian franc. The Comorian franc had a fixed exchange rate with the French franc of 50 to 1 until 1994, when the rate was changed to 75 Comorian francs to 1 French franc. In 2006, the Comorian franc exchanged at an average of 392 to U.S.$1. Transport between the islands is mostly by air, and there is an international airport at Hahaia on Njazidja where jets can land. Road networks have been built betweenmost of the main island settlements, but the mountai...

• Baudelaire - L'ALBATROS

  voyaguerailé devient le poète, les hommes d'équipage, la foule et les planches, le théâtre social.2) Les thèmes du poèteLa verticalité, l'aspect aérien: L'albatros est évoqué dans toute sa grandeur comme le confirmel'enjambement des vers 1 et 2 qui suggère l'immensité des espaces que l'albatros à parcourir. Cettenotino de grands espaces est renforcée par l'hypallage du vers 2 (“vaste oiseau des mers” = oiseaudes vastes mers). L'aspect sublime: Au-dessus de l'horizontalité mediocr...

• Soccer's Big Show Comes to the United States.

  There were many doubters, both overseas and within the United States. Some U.S. sportswriters derided the idea of holding the World Cup in the United States asakin to staging the World Series in India—how could there be any local interest? Foreign critics felt that money was the sole reason for FIFA's decision and that thesport was about to be cheapened to make it acceptable to Americans. The rumors flew: FIFA was going to enlarge the goals, it would allow timeouts (unheard of inthe sport) to ac...

• radio - informatique.

  fréquence est superflu, des circuits résonnants peuvent être utilisés avec des tubes électroniques classiques pour générer des oscillations allant jusqu'à 1 000 MHz environ, et des klystrons réflex servent à générer les fréquences supérieures, jusqu'à 30 000 MHz. Les magnétrons se substituent aux klystrons lorsque la puissance d'émission doit être plus importante. 2. 2 La modulation Afin de transporter le signal, la modulation de l'onde porteuse s'effectue soit à bas soit à haut niveau. Dans le...

• God. I INTRODUCTION God, the center and focus of religious faith, a holy

  C Islam Islam arose as a powerful reaction against the ancient pagan cults of Arabia, and as a consequence it is the most starkly monotheistic of the three biblically rootedreligions. The name Allah means simply “the God.” He is personal, transcendent, and unique, and Muslims are forbidden to depict him in any creaturely form. The primary creed is that “There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the apostle of Allah.” Allah has seven basic attributes: life, knowledge, power, will, hearing, se...

• Warsaw - geography.

  VI ECONOMY In addition to serving as Poland's leading administrative center, Warsaw is also a center for science, research, and higher education. Since World War II the city'sindustrial base has been developed, with diverse plants producing steel, cars, tractors, and consumer electronics. Warsaw is the second most important industrial regionin Poland (after Katowice in the south). Warsaw, more than anywhere else in the country, has benefited from the boom in construction and commerce that foll...

• Coins and Coin Collecting.

  U.S. coins dates from 1909, when the first Lincoln Cents appeared during the centennial of Abraham Lincoln’s birth. George Washington’s profile was used on thequarter-dollar of 1932, a coin originally intended as a one-year commemorative to honor the 200th anniversary of his birth. The design quickly became so popular thatit was retained for regular-issue quarters and is still being used today. Thomas Jefferson, Franklin D. Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy, and Dwight D. Eisenhower are theother Americ...

• agriculture - agriculture et agroalimentaire.

  de travailler vite et dans les meilleures conditions. Le travail de récolte, fondamental puisque une année d’efforts peut être ruinée ou récompensée, a connu la même évolution : récolte manuelle nécessitant des équipesnombreuses employées de façon temporaire, machines à traction animale comme la moissonneuse-lieuse, machines à traction mécanique, puis automotrices (comme lamoissonneuse-batteuse). La contrepartie de cette mécanisation est la nécessité de confier de grandes surfaces à ces machines...

• East Timor - country.

  members are designated by the Superior Council for the Judiciary. This council is the organ of management and discipline of judges and is responsible for judiciaryappointments, transfers, and promotions. VI HISTORY Timor was a destination on ancient Chinese trade routes and was particularly known for its sandalwood. The Portuguese began colonizing Timor in the early 16thcentury as European trade and influence expanded in the region. They exploited Timor for its forest products and spices, and...

• Native American Languages.

  From Nahuatl, spoken in Middle America, come avocado, cacao, cocoa, chile/chili, chocolate, coyote, tamale , tomato , and many others. Contributions from South American languages include jaguar, cashew, tapioca, and toucan from Tupinambá; alpaca, condor, jerky, llama, puma, and quinine from Quechua; and barbecue, canoe, guava, hammock, hurricane, iguana, maize, papaya, and potato from Maipurean (Arawakan). Native American languages, in turn, have borrowed words from European language...

• Meteorología - ciencias de la naturaleza.

  PluviómetroLas precipitaciones se miden con un pluviómetro como este, que se localiza en Tasmania (Australia) y forma parte de una estaciónmeteorológica.Cape Grim B.A.P.S./Simon Fraser/SciencePhoto Library/Photo Researchers, Inc. Las observaciones hechas a nivel del suelo son más numerosas que las realizadas a altitudes superiores. Incluyen la medición de la presión atmosférica, la temperatura, lahumedad, la dirección y velocidad del viento, la cantidad y altura de las nubes, la visibilidad y la...

• Fiji Islands - country.

  the early 1990s. Fishing is done mainly at a subsistence level, but commercial fishing is increasing. The country also receives income from the sale of licenses to foreignvessels to fish in Fiji’s exclusive economic zone. Industry, including mining, manufacturing, and construction, employs 34 percent of Fiji’s wage earners and, in 2006, contributed 26 percent of GDP. The governmentinstituted tax-free incentives in 1988 that created a flourishing garment industry. Ready-made garments are now the...

• Nachhaltige Entwicklung.

  Abschluss des UN-Gipfels haben die Delegierten in einer Johannesburg-Erklärung die weltweite Bedeutung der nachhaltigen Entwicklung und die damit verbundene globaleVerantwortung für die wirtschaftliche und soziale Entwicklung sowie für den Umweltschutz bekräftigt. In der Johannesburg-Erklärung wird die große Verantwortunggegenüber nachkommenden Generationen betont. Als zentrale Herausforderungen für die Menschheit werden in dem Bericht die Armutsbekämpfung, die Kluft zwischenIndustrie- und Entwi...

• Indo-Pakistani Wars - History.

  wrest Jammu and Kashmīr from India through the use of force. This effort failed as India held its ground, and the war ended in a stalemate after almost two months ofarmed conflict. Although the second war over the territory was shorter than the first, the increased firepower of the two nations resulted in a more deadly war, with atotal of about 6,800 battle casualties. A Events Before the War A number of factors precipitated the second conflict over Jammu and Kashm īr. In the wake of a border w...

• Sigmund Freud.

  reminiscences from the past and about her daydreams. Remarkably, as her narrative revisited memories from the past, which were associated with the onset of aparticular symptom, each symptom disappeared when accompanied by an emotional outburst. Breuer made use of this discovery to eliminate her symptoms one at atime. He called the treatment the cathartic technique (from the Greek katharsis meaning “purgation”). The treatment was time consuming and required considerable effort to reach dimly re...

• Weather.

  hours, and the snow can be much deeper in places where the wind piles it up in drifts. Extraordinarily deep snows sometimes accumulate on the upwind side ofmountain slopes during severe winter storms or on the downwind shores of large lakes during outbreaks of polar air. VI WIND Wind is the horizontal movement of air. It is named for the direction from which it comes—for example, a north wind comes from the north. In most places near theground, the wind speed averages from 8 to 24 km/h (from 5...

• Coral Reef.

  sensitive to particles of mud or sediment settling on them, which means that corals rarely grow close to rivers or other sources of sediment. In the sea, light is filteredout by depth, so reef-building corals can only grow in relatively shallow water. Even in the clearest oceans few reef-building corals grow below a depth of 80 to 100 m(260 to 328 ft). Although corals need nutrients, they cannot thrive in areas where there are large amounts of nutrients. Typically, microscopic organisms in the p...

• Camping.

  Commercial campgrounds serve as campsites for RV and car campers on the outskirts of national and state parks and along highways throughout North America.Owners of commercial campgrounds charge campers on a daily or weekly basis, and provide campsites equipped with hookups for electricity and water. They may alsoprovide such amenities as showers, laundry facilities, or a swimming pool. Many commercial campgrounds belong to a club or network that allows its members toreserve campsites in advance....

• usage: FER, substantif masculin.

  · Fer étiré, laminé; (fil de) fer galvanisé. Les rampes de ces petits escaliers [à Koenigsberg] (...) sont en fer coulé de Berlin, je crois (HENRI BEYLE, DITSTENDHAL, Romens et nouvelles, tome 1, 1842, page 22 ). On les exécute [les cales] en bois dur; il vaudrait beaucoup mieux employer du fer fondu (M. NOSBAN,Nouveau manuel complet du menuisier, de l'ébéniste, du layetier, du marqueteur, du sculpteur. 1857, page 117 ). Fer forgé; porte, balcon en/de fer forgé. De grandsvalets blonds avaient ou...

• Anatomy.

  The body defends itself against foreign proteins and infectious microorganisms by means of a complex dual system that depends on recognizing a portion of the surfacepattern of the invader. The two parts of the system are termed cellular immunity, in which lymphocytes are the effective agent, and humoral immunity, based on theaction of antibody molecules. When particular lymphocytes recognize a foreign molecular pattern (termed an antigen), they release antibodies in great numbers; other lymphocy...

• Han Dynasty - History.

  However, these reforms faced serious opposition. The feudal barons formed an alliance and rebelled against Wang Mang. They were joined by members of the Liufamily, who were descended from Jingdi (Ching-ti), a former Han emperor, and a civil war followed. As the empire fell into disorder, militant secret societies formedarmed bands and attacked villages and towns. Wang Mang had believed that proper institutions would eventually bring peace to China, but in AD 23, an army led by the Liu clan brea...

• Inca Empire.

  The Incas’ public works were built through a labor tax known as mit’a. This tax required most people incorporated into the Inca Empire to provide labor for public worksduring certain portions of each year. This labor tax supported large-scale public works that required the marshalling of large labor forces, such as for the building offorts, roads, and bridges, or the mining of metals and gems. It also allowed the emperor to raise large armies to undertake wars of conquest. Road building was impo...

• Inca Empire - History.

  The Incas’ public works were built through a labor tax known as mit’a. This tax required most people incorporated into the Inca Empire to provide labor for public worksduring certain portions of each year. This labor tax supported large-scale public works that required the marshalling of large labor forces, such as for the building offorts, roads, and bridges, or the mining of metals and gems. It also allowed the emperor to raise large armies to undertake wars of conquest. Road building was impo...

• Arab-Israeli Conflict.

  the Suez Canal and in 1951 blockaded the Strait of Tiran (Israel’s access to the Red Sea), which Israel regarded as an act of war. In June 1956 Egypt nationalized theSuez Canal, which had been jointly owned by Britain and France. In late October, Israel invaded the Gaza Strip and Sinai Peninsula, defeating Egyptian forces there.Britain and France attacked Egypt a few days later. Although the fighting was brief and Israel eventually withdrew from the Sinai and Gaza, the conflict furtherexacerbate...

• Arab-Israeli Conflict - History.

  the Suez Canal and in 1951 blockaded the Strait of Tiran (Israel’s access to the Red Sea), which Israel regarded as an act of war. In June 1956 Egypt nationalized theSuez Canal, which had been jointly owned by Britain and France. In late October, Israel invaded the Gaza Strip and Sinai Peninsula, defeating Egyptian forces there.Britain and France attacked Egypt a few days later. Although the fighting was brief and Israel eventually withdrew from the Sinai and Gaza, the conflict furtherexacerbate...

• Flower - biology.

  insects. The sepals unfurl as the flower opens and often resemble small green leaves at the flower’s base. In some flowers, the sepals are colorful and work with thepetals to attract pollinators. E Variations in Structure Like virtually all forms in nature, flowers display many variations in their structure. Most flowers have all four whorls—pistil, stamens, petals, and sepals. Botanists callthese complete flowers. But some flowers are incomplete, meaning they lack one or more whorls. Incomplet...

• Respiratory System.

  rapidly, or laughs while swallowing, the swallowing reflex may not work, and food or fluid can enter the larynx. Food, fluid, or other substances in the larynx initiate acough reflex as the body attempts to clear the larynx of the obstruction. If the cough reflex does not work, a person can choke, a life-threatening situation. TheHeimlich maneuver is a technique used to clear a blocked larynx ( see First Aid). A surgical procedure called a tracheotomy is used to bypass the larynx and get air to...

• Native American Art I INTRODUCTION Native American Art, the visual works crafted by indigenous people of North America, starting after their arrival on the continent thousands of years ago and continuing until the present.

  artists in the Ohio area cut delicate flat forms from sheets of mica in the shape of birds, human figures, and large hands. They also carved quite natural-looking birdsand animals on stone platform pipes. These figures sat on the pipe’s flat base, or platform, and on some pipes they were part of the pipe bowl. Prominent people ofthese cultures were buried with a wealth of ornaments, such as jewelry of shells and copper, and headdresses elaborated with animal forms. The period of Mississippian cu...

• letteratura italiana

  La nuova Italia: orizzonti sociali, politici, ideologici In Italia il raggiungimento dell'unità politica, dopo secoli di dominazione straniera e di particolarismi regionali, impone uno sforzo di unificazione reale, in un paese che presenta situazioni tra loro lontanissime e inconciliabili, dai modi di sviluppo industriale e borghese del Nord alla sopravvivenza di forme di tipo feudale nel Sud. Lo sviluppo del capitalismo italiano si trovò a dover fare i conti con la frantumazione del paes...

• Clima - ciencias de la naturaleza.

  2 CLIMATOLOGÍA Y ATMÓSFERA La climatología es una ciencia diferente a la meteorología, aunque se basa en sus análisis. La meteorología es la ciencia que estudia los fenómenos atmosféricos (viento,lluvia, aurora boreal, rayo...) y los mecanismos que producen el tiempo atmosférico actual; una de sus finalidades es elaborar pronósticos sobre el tiempo que hará en elfuturo. La climatología estudia la regularidad del tiempo, y se diferencia de la meteorología en que trabaja con datos medios en vez d...

• Iceland - country.

  III PEOPLE Icelanders are one of the most homogenous peoples in the world. They are predominantly of Nordic origin, descendants of the hardy people who emigrated fromNorway to Iceland in the Middle Ages. There are also some Celtic influences from Irish and Scottish immigrants who arrived from the British Isles ( see Celts). The population of Iceland (2008 estimate) is 304,367. Numerous times in its history, Iceland has suffered major population losses due to epidemics, volcanic eruptions, and...

• espace, exploration de l' - astronomie.

  d’un géant, habitant de l’étoile Sirius, et du secrétaire perpétuel de l’Académie de la planète Saturne. En 1865, Jules Verne publie De la Terre à la Lune, dans lequel son génie visionnaire s’exprime par une description proche d’une réalité qui se concrétisera un siècle plus tard. Dans un genre radicalement différent, l’écrivain anglaisH.G. Wells publie en 1898 la Guerre des mondes, puis en 1901 les Premiers Hommes dans la Lune. Au début du XXe siècle, les pionniers du cinéma de fiction p...