1336 résultats pour "nations"

• Law. I INTRODUCTION Law, body of official rules and regulations, generally found in

  their rules are reviewable by the courts. U.S. constitutional law is the most extensive and pervasive of any country in the world. It is embodied in the Constitution and in the opinions of the U.S. Supreme Courtrendered over time. Through its power of judicial review, the Supreme Court may invalidate any legislation or other governmental actions that it finds to be in violationof the Constitution. Constitutional courts in some civil-law countries have similar powers. In the United Kingdom no equ...

• CONVENTION INTERNATIONALE DES DROITS DE L'ENFANT (1989) Préambule Les États parties à

  Consid?rant qu'il importe de pr?parer pleinement l'enfant ? avoir une vie individuelle dans la soci?t?, et de l'?lever dans l'esprit des id?aux proclam?s dans la Charte des Nations unies, et en particulier dans un esprit de paix, de dignit?, de tol?rance, de libert?, d'?galit? et de solidarit?, Ayant pr?sent ? l'esprit que la n?cessit? d'accorder une protection sp?ciale ? l'enfant a ?t? ?nonc?e dans la D?claration de Gen?ve de 1924 sur les droits de l'enfant et dans la D?claration des droits de...

• Indianapolis - geography.

  Amateur athletic competitions are frequent in Indianapolis. Each summer it is the site for the finals of the Hoosier State Games, with athletes of all ages and skill levelscompeting in 21 sports. In 1987 Indianapolis hosted the Tenth Pan American Games, and is often the site for numerous Olympic trials and collegiate sportschampionships. Among the many sports facilities are those for tennis, bicycle racing, skating, and track and field. The city’s professional football team, the Indianapolis Col...

• Le concept de nation et de la nationalité ?

  mortalité qui se traduit par une augmentation rapide de la population. Entre 1800 et 1935 la population européennea triplé (passant de 185 à 530 millions d'habitants), la population française elle-même a presque doublé (de 25 à 40millions d'habitants). La restriction des naissances apparaît alors comme une sorte de «réaction d'équilibration».N'oublions pas qu'en 1932 si le taux de la natalité était tombé, en France, à 17, il était de 14 pour la Suède, de 15pour l'Angleterre, de 16 pour l'Alle...

• International Criminal Court.

  only exercise its jurisdiction when a national court is unwilling or unable to carry out the investigation or prosecution. For example, the ICC might intervene when agovernment’s judicial system has collapsed or is actively shielding a person from criminal responsibility. The court may hold accountable any person aged 18 or older at the time of the crime without regard to the individual’s official duties or functions. Therefore, heads ofstate, legislators, and other high-ranking government offic...

• History of Colonial America - U.

  Despite the lack of settlement, New France prospered as a vast fur-trading enterprise. French explorers traveled deep into the North American continent seeking newsupplies of deerskins and beaver pelts. In 1673 French missionary Jacques Marquette reached the Mississippi River in present-day Wisconsin. In 1681 explorer René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, traveled down the majestic Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico. He honored the reign of King Louis XIV (1643-1715) by creating the newcolony...

• La fondation de l'ONU nourrit l'espoir d'une paix mondiale durable

  Vue de l'assemblée plénière de l'ONU, le 10 janvier 19 46, à Londres La fondation de l'ONU nourrit l'espoir d'une paix mondi ale durable Le 24 av ril1945 a lieu, à San Francisco, la création des Nations unies. Après la dis solution de la Société des Nations fondée en 1919 , l'organisation qui siège à New York doit désormais assurer la paix dans le monde. P endan t la Seco nde Guerre mondiale, le président Roose­ velt a l'idée de créer une orga...

• European Union .

  safeguard the interests of the member states, a common assembly with advisory authority only, and a court of justice to settle disputes. D European Economic Community (EEC) In 1957 the participants in the ECSC signed two more treaties, known as the Treaties of Rome. These treaties created the European Atomic Energy Community(Euratom) for the development of peaceful uses of atomic energy and, most important, the European Economic Community (EEC, often referred to as the CommonMarket). The EEC tr...

• Olympic Games.

  the next decade nearly all the ISFs abolished the distinction between amateurs and professionals, accepting so-called open Games. One of the most visible examples of the policy change came in 1992, when professional players from the National Basketball Association (NBA) were permitted to play inthe Summer Games in Barcelona, Spain. Professionals from the National Hockey League (NHL) became eligible to participate beginning with the 1998 Winter Olympics inNagano, Japan. V CEREMONIES The Olymp...

• coopération.

  Beaucoup d'institutions chargées d'assurer la coopération économique internationale relèvent des Nations unies. Le Conseil économique et social de l'Organisation des Nations unies est chargé de la coordination de toutes les activités internationales ayant pour objet le relèvement du niveau de vie, le développement économique du monde et la sauvegarde des droits sociaux. Il est responsable devant l'Assemblée générale. Il a beaucoup contribué à l'élaboration et à la mise en œuvre des program...

• National Parks and Preserves.

  Some ibex raised in Italy’s 700 sq km (220 sq mi) Gran Paradiso National Park (1922) were transferred to aid herd restoration elsewhere in the country. Switzerlandreturned lynx to Swiss National Park to keep red deer populations in check. The growth of national parks also enabled many European countries to restore forests thathad given way to industrialization by the early 20th century. Africa’s wildlife was hunted heavily from the late 19th century well into the 20th century. By 1920 big-game h...

• l'ONU

  Ki-moon. L'ONU est financée par des contributions volontaires et par les États membres, et a six langues officielles : l'anglais, l'arabe, l'espagnol, le français, le mandarin et le russe. En 2012, l'ONU compte 193 États membres, soit presque tous ceux qui sont officiellement reconnus. De son siège qui se situe sur un territoire international dans la ville de New York aux États-Unis, l'ONU et ses agences spécialisées réparties dans d'autres États, prennent toute l'année diverses résolutions sur...

• Faites une critique de l’État haïtien par rapport au concept de souveraineté tel que compris par Evers Tilman

  fonde de la nation. On s’est que « la souveraineté est la puissance absolue et perpetuelle d’une République » mais c’est totalement la grande différence en Haïti La souveraineté nationale appartient a la collectivité indivisible qu’est la nation, qui a une volonté et une seule. Mais cette nation est obligée de déléguer au plan interne sa souveraineté pour pouvoir l’exercer ce qui fait que la nation étant considérée dans sa permanence, les institutions doivent comporter des...

• Population.

  year AD 1, and it took more than 1,500 years to reach the 500 million mark. Growth was not steady but was marked by oscillations dictated by climate, food supply, disease, and war. Starting in the 17th century, great advances in scientific knowledge, agriculture, industry, medicine, and social organization made possible rapid acceleration inpopulation growth. Machines gradually replaced human and animal labor. People slowly acquired the knowledge and means to control disease. By 1900 the worldp...

• La naissance de l'ONU

  Bien que la politique coloniale de la France eût évolué (conférence de Brazzaville en janvier-février 1944), elle est encore fortloin des idées de Roosevelt. Le président américain veut placer tous les territoires " dépendants " sous " tutelle " (trusteeship) desNations unies. Staline, qui préférerait l'indépendance, acquiesce. Sont en revanche vivement hostiles à cette novation nonseulement la France, la Grande-Bretagne et les autres empires coloniaux, mais aussi les ministères américains de la...

• L'acte de naissance de l'ONU

  unies. Staline, qui préférerait l'indépendance immédiate, acquiesce. Sont en revanche vivement hostiles à cette novation, nonseulement la France, la Grande-Bretagne et les autres empires coloniaux, mais aussi les ministères américains de la guerre et de lamarine, qui veulent garder le contrôle chèrement acquis des archipels japonais du Pacifique. En pleine controverse, Rooseveltmeut le 12 avril 1945. Finalement, le régime de tutelle des Nations unies, réduit à sa plus simple expression, n'est...

• Poverty.

  economic and demographic trends, and (7) welfare incentives. A Overpopulation Overpopulation, the situation of having large numbers of people with too few resources and too little space, is closely associated with poverty. It can result from highpopulation density (the ratio of people to land area, usually expressed as numbers of persons per square kilometer or square mile) or from low amounts of resources, or from both. Excessively high population densities put stress on available resources....

• Protests in the 1960s - U.

  E Youth Culture Young people played an important role in the movements for social change during the 1960s. Numbers alone made them important; more than 76 million babies wereborn during the post-World War II “baby boom.” In addition, these young people spent more years in school and were more affluent than previous generations. In theearly 20th century, most young Americans had moved quickly from childhood to adulthood. In the 1920s only 1 in 5 Americans graduated from high school, and almostal...

• Native American Literature.

  Many Native American writers of the 19th century wrote histories of their tribes. One tribal historian was David Cusick (Tuscarora), whose Sketches of Ancient History of the Six Nations (1827) was the first published tribal history. Tribal histories explained the deep ties that tribes had to their ancestral homelands. Beginning in the 18th century, these ties took on special meaning because the United States government began removing Native Americans from their traditional lands. These removal...

• São Paulo (city) - geography.

  universities include the State University Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (1976), and the even larger University of São Paulo (1934), which incorporates the city’s famousand influential Faculty of Law. Important private universities are Mackenzie University, originally founded by Presbyterian missionaries from the United States (1870);the Paulista University (1972); the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo (1946); and the University São Judas Tadeu (1971). The city is home to the São Pau...

• Document 3 L'abandon du maoïsme « En d atant le départ de toutes les erreurs au milieu des années cinquante, je voulais en effet parler d u " grand bond en a vant".

  6 Rlllillllllllllllillll 11111111111111111 11111111111111111111111111111111111 lililililillllll Il Jilil ililllllllHJJJJJJllilllllll llllllllM Les relations internationales ~ Déclaration universelle des droits de l'homme L::::J proclamée par les Nations Unies, le 10 décembre 1948 Liban. septembre 1986 TYPE Il Préambule Considérant que la reconnaissance de la dignité inhérente à tous les membres de la famille humaine et de leurs droit égaux et inali...

• Cold War.

  With this, all the countries of Eastern Europe were under Communist control, and the creation of the Soviet bloc was complete. The events of 1948 contributed to agrowing conviction among political leaders in both the United States and the USSR that the opposing power posed a broad and fundamental threat to their nation’sinterests. The Berlin blockade and the spread of Communism in Europe led to negotiations between Western Europe, Canada, and the United States that resulted in the NorthAtlantic...

• Cold War .

  With this, all the countries of Eastern Europe were under Communist control, and the creation of the Soviet bloc was complete. The events of 1948 contributed to agrowing conviction among political leaders in both the United States and the USSR that the opposing power posed a broad and fundamental threat to their nation’sinterests. The Berlin blockade and the spread of Communism in Europe led to negotiations between Western Europe, Canada, and the United States that resulted in the NorthAtlantic...

• Cold War - U.

  With this, all the countries of Eastern Europe were under Communist control, and the creation of the Soviet bloc was complete. The events of 1948 contributed to agrowing conviction among political leaders in both the United States and the USSR that the opposing power posed a broad and fundamental threat to their nation’sinterests. The Berlin blockade and the spread of Communism in Europe led to negotiations between Western Europe, Canada, and the United States that resulted in the NorthAtlantic...

• Eleanor Roosevelt.

  disliked Washington, D.C., which she found only slightly less provincial than Albany. Moreover, she feared that the role of first lady would be a confining one. “I neverwanted to be a president’s wife,” she privately declared just after the election. At the time of Franklin’s election Eleanor was an independent journalist, making money from a monthly column in Woman's Home Companion and from radio broadcasts, where she regularly spoke out on controversial political issues. She sat on the board...

• Eleanor Roosevelt - USA History.

  disliked Washington, D.C., which she found only slightly less provincial than Albany. Moreover, she feared that the role of first lady would be a confining one. “I neverwanted to be a president’s wife,” she privately declared just after the election. At the time of Franklin’s election Eleanor was an independent journalist, making money from a monthly column in Woman's Home Companion and from radio broadcasts, where she regularly spoke out on controversial political issues. She sat on the board...

• Pan-Africanism.

  (in New York City). These congresses were attended by increasing numbers of representatives from the United States, Europe, Africa, and the Caribbean. Severalimportant factors affected the growing popularity of the congresses. First, many delegates were sponsored by international labor movements, which were growing insize and power in the 1920s. A second factor was the growth of the black nationalist movement of Marcus Garvey. The Garvey movement was important in the UnitedStates as a popular ex...

• Fonctionnement de l'ONU

      Le Secrétariat des Nations unies est un des principaux organes de l'ONU. À sa tête se trouve le secrétaire général des Nations unies actuellement Ban Ki-Moon. Il a un rôle administratif. Il s'assure du bon fonctionnement de l'ONU et de ses agences. Il se charge également de réaliser des études qui orientent l'action des organes de l'ONU. Le secrétaire général est un personnage médiatique puisque c'est lui qui s'occupe de la communication.         L'Assemblée générale est le principal organe...

• Sommet de la Terre (faune & Flore).

  de points de vue radicalement opposés, notamment en ce qui concerne l’exploitation des forêts. Ainsi, face aux pays industrialisés qui souhaitent protéger les forêtshumides équatoriales (et qui désirent en interdire l’abattage), les pays en développement, où se trouve la plus grande partie de ces espaces, réclament que les mesuressoient étendues aux forêts des régions tempérées et boréales (situées en majorité aux États-Unis, au Canada et dans l’ex-URSS), tout en demandant également à pouvoirexp...

• Martin Luther King, Jr.

  disorder that local white officials would be forced to end segregation to restore normal business relations. The strategy did not work in Albany. During months ofprotests, Albany’s police chief jailed hundreds of demonstrators without visible police violence. Eventually the protesters’ energy, and the money to bail out protesters,ran out. The strategy did work, however, in Birmingham, Alabama, when SCLC joined a local protest during the spring of 1963. The protest was led by SCLC member FredShut...

• Martin Luther King, Jr.

  disorder that local white officials would be forced to end segregation to restore normal business relations. The strategy did not work in Albany. During months ofprotests, Albany’s police chief jailed hundreds of demonstrators without visible police violence. Eventually the protesters’ energy, and the money to bail out protesters,ran out. The strategy did work, however, in Birmingham, Alabama, when SCLC joined a local protest during the spring of 1963. The protest was led by SCLC member FredShut...

• Les critères de développement de l'Etat sont-ils encore pertinents ?

  B. Le dépassement de l'Etat en voie de disparition.Le dépassement de l'Etat se constate quand un Etat est amené à renoncer à sa souveraineté, au profit d'un autre Etat ou groupement d'Etat. Dépassement surtoutprésent dans les Unions librement consenties, très nombreux après la seconde Guerre Mondiale. Prenons pour exemple de ce dépassement d'Etat, l'Union Européennequi pose des problèmes juridiques constitutionnels aux Etats membres.Avec la création de l'Union Européenne. L'absence du contrôle d...

• Oeuvres de Napoleon Bonaparte, TOME III [Footnote 55: M.

  [Footnote 58: Le Times annonçait des souscriptions de toutes parts pour la guerre.] [59] Message, en vérité, de nature à exciter une grande curiosité! et que nous ne pouvons nous empêcher de recommander à la méditation de tous les souverains du continent. Après la paix d'Amiens, lorsque le prince d'Orange se trouvait dans une situation tout-à-fait pénible, Le ministère lui refusa tout ce que ce prince était en droit de lui demander. Pendant les deux années de paix qui suivirent, on lui répondit...

• Tuvalu - country.

  Funafuti has a town council, and each of the other islands except Niulakita has an island council. Members of these councils are directly elected to four-year terms. Tuvalu is active in regional affairs. It is a member of the South Pacific Commission, an advisory body of Western and Pacific nations promoting social stability in theSouth Pacific, and the South Pacific Forum, a regional organization that addresses the foreign affairs and international trade of its member countries. Tuvalu became a...

• United States (Overview) - country.

  parts. IV UNITED STATES PEOPLE When Europeans first reached North America in the 1520s, they encountered other people—Native Americans—and they also encountered a new geography. Someimagined they were entering “a howling wilderness”—an environment filled with exotic flora and fauna but sparsely populated. In reality, they found their way to alandmass that was widely settled. But soon after the Europeans’ arrival, the population of the Americas plummeted, largely because Native Americans lacked...

• La naissance de la nation américaine

  nation soit plus forte à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur. Les Articles de la Confédération (1777), ratifiés 1 , en 1781 par 23 Etats, sont la première ébauche de la nation américaine : un État souverain sur les terres de l'Ouest, détenant les pouvoirs de diplomatie et de défense commune. Mais cet État sans pouvoir exécutif et législatif est diminué par l'autonomie des États de la Confédération. '" honnille homme»~ du XVIII' slide : lettN...

• Unemployment.

  set up to monitor the economy and provide advice to the president and Congress. Between 1945 and 1990 nine cyclical swings in unemployment occurred; all weresmaller than the 1930s depression. During this period the unemployment rate was as low as 2.9 percent (1953) and as high as 9.7 percent (1982). Because of cutbacksin the unemployment insurance program and changes in the nature of employment during the 1980s, however, only 37 percent of jobless workers received benefits in1990. Fears that the...

• Capitalism.

  Physiocracy is the term applied to a school of economic thought that suggested the existence of a natural order in economics, one that does not require direction from the state for people to be prosperous. The leader of the physiocrats, the economist François Quesnay, set forth the basic principles in his Tableau économique (1758), in which he traced the flow of money and goods through the economy. Simply put, this flow was seen to be both circular and self-sustaining. More important, however...

• Togo - country.

  corn, millet, and sorghum. The leading export crops are coffee, cotton, groundnuts, and cacao. Livestock, chiefly sheep and goats, are raised on the northern plateau.Fish are caught in Togo’s rivers and in the Gulf of Guinea. B Mining and Manufacturing Togo is a leading producer of phosphates, which are by far the country’s most significant mineral product. In 2004, 400,000 metric tons of phosphate rock were mined.Industrial activity is limited but growing. The leading manufactures include ceme...

• Great Depression in the United States - U.

  prices would continue to rise and they could soon sell their stocks at a profit. The widespread belief that anyone could get rich led many less affluent Americans into the market as well. Investors bought millions of shares of stock “on margin,” arisky practice similar to buying products on credit. They paid only a small part of the price and borrowed the rest, gambling that they could sell the stock at a highenough price to repay the loan and make a profit. For a time this was true: In 1928 the...

• New France - Canadian History.

  the colony now consisted of a governor-general, an intendant , and a Sovereign Council, all located at Québec, with local governors at Trois-Rivières and Montréal, and law courts for all three districts. The senior official was the governor-general, responsible for military matters and for relations with the indigenous nations and theEnglish colonies. The intendant, a noble trained in law, was the official responsible for civil affairs: justice, law enforcement, and the maintenance of the colon...

• Kosovo.

  massacre de 45 civils kosovars crée une vive émotion, et la pression militaire de l’OTAN s’accroît. Le Groupe de contact organise à Londres en janvier, à Rambouillet enfévrier, et à Paris en mars, des pourparlers auxquels participent les autorités yougoslaves et les principales formations albanaises, dont l’UCK. 3.5 La transformation du conflit en guerre Entériné par l’UCK, l’accord final du 15 mars 1999 est rejeté par la Yougoslavie, qui refuse la présence des forces de l’OTAN. Une ultime tent...

• American Literature: Poetry I INTRODUCTION Phyllis McGinley American poet and author Phyllis McGinley composed light, witty verse, much of which deals with family life.

  Taylor, a poet of great technical skill, wrote powerful meditative poems in which he tested himself morally and sought to identify and root out sinful tendencies. In“God's Determinations Touching His Elect” (written 1680?), one of Taylor’s most important works, he celebrates God's power in the triumph of good over evil in thehuman soul. All of Taylor’s poetry and much of Bradstreet’s served generally personal ends, and their audience often consisted of themselves and their family andclosest frie...

• Warren G.

  In his few campaign speeches, Harding relied mainly on the political effectiveness of bland generalities. Sometimes his statements were deliberately confusing. Forexample, he promised internationally minded voters that he would support an “association of nations,” while at the same time he promised “America first!” toisolationists. In this way he won the support of influential Republicans who believed in the League of Nations as well as those who opposed it. Harding's inoffensive standon the lea...

• World Energy Supply.

  In the 1990s, oil production by non-OPEC countries remained strong and production by OPEC countries rebounded. The result at the end of the 20th century was aworld oil surplus and prices (when adjusted for inflation) that were lower than in 1972. Experts are uncertain about future oil supplies and prices. Low prices have spurred greater oil consumption, and experts question how long world petroleum reservescan keep pace with increased demand. Many of the world’s leading petroleum geologists beli...

• Kéké

  L'AVENEMENT D'UNE FRANCE LIBERALE L'héritage de l'épisode révolutionnaire Une nation une et indivisible Désormais raison prime sur tradition, séparation des pouvoirs sur absolutisme, principe électif sur vénalité des charges, décentralisation du pouvoir sur tutelle de l'Etat monarchique, égalité et méritocratie sur ordres, société laïcisée sur société sacrée. Mais par peur de perdre ces acquis de 1789, il y a eu des...

• Ma mélancolie au spectacle d’une nation qui se déchire.

• baleine, chasse à la - agriculture et agroalimentaire.

  7 L’ÈRE DE LA PÊCHE INDUSTRIELLE En 1864, une invention du capitaine norvégien Svend Foyn va révolutionner la chasse à la baleine. Alors que, jusqu’ici, on tuait les cétacés au moyen de lances et deharpons actionnés à la main, il fabrique un canon-harpon qui tire un obus en acier entraînant le harpon et le câble. Une fois dans le corps de l’animal, le projectile explose,entraînant la mort du cétacé beaucoup plus rapidement qu’un harpon traditionnel. Svend Foyn monte son arme à bord de baleinier...

• Les philosophes ne sont pas riches mais ils produisent le bonheur des nations. Qu'en pensez vous ?

• KANT: sortir de l'état anarchique de sauvagerie

  rentrer dans une constitution civile. Ayant montré dans la première partie que la paix totale ne peut être établie que par l'établissement d'uneconstitution civile parfaite réglant les rapports entre les Etats, Kant se demande dans un second temps commentcette constitution peut être établie. On pourrait penser que chaque Etat en réfléchissant sur la situation peutaboutir à la conclusion qu'il a intérêt à adhérer à une telle constitution. Dans cette perspective la constitution c...