3232 résultats pour "systems"

• Vertebrate - biology.

  E Reptiles Compared to amphibians, reptiles are much more fully adapted to life on land. They have scaly, waterproof skin, and they either give birth to live young or lay eggs withwaterproof shells. There are about 7,000 species alive today, including snakes, alligators, and turtles. During the age of the dinosaurs, about 230 million to 65 millionyears ago, reptiles outnumbered all other land vertebrates put together. F Birds Birds evolved from flightless reptiles but underwent some major chan...

• Andorra - country.

  For 715 years Andorra was ruled jointly by Spanish and French co-princes—respectively the Bishop of Urgel and, in modern times, the president of France. Under thisarrangement, which granted Andorra a limited form of autonomy, responsibility for domestic affairs was delegated to an elected general counsel ( Consell General de las Valls ). Judicial matters, foreign affairs, and defense remained under the control of the co-princes. In March 1993 Andorrans voted to end this semifeudal system ( see...

• Management des entreprises

  11 Séquence 1 – MO51 1 Le management peut-il tenir compte de l’intérêt de tous les acteurs de l’organisation ? Chapitre 1 Management  Qu’est-ce qu’une organisation ?  La fi nalité de l’entreprise se limite-elle à la réalisation d’un profi t ?  Quelles fi nalités pour les organisations pu- bliques ? Types d’entreprises : statut, taille, secteur, métier.  Quels rôles pour les associations ?  Sur quoi portent les décisions et comment sont-elles prises ?  Le système d’informa...

• Pologne.

  Guerre mondiale. À l’issue du conflit, le déplacement de la frontière orientale a laissé du côté de l’ex-URSS les Lituaniens, les Biélorusses et les Ukrainiens qui avaient étéincorporés à la Pologne en 1919. Les Allemands des territoires occidentaux ont été transférés en Allemagne. Les minorités polonaises vivant dans les régions rétrocédées àl’ex-URSS ont été rapatriées. 3.2 Divisions administratives et villes principales La Pologne est divisée en 16 régions ou voïvodies (województwo) : Bass...

• Pologne.

  Guerre mondiale. À l’issue du conflit, le déplacement de la frontière orientale a laissé du côté de l’ex-URSS les Lituaniens, les Biélorusses et les Ukrainiens qui avaient étéincorporés à la Pologne en 1919. Les Allemands des territoires occidentaux ont été transférés en Allemagne. Les minorités polonaises vivant dans les régions rétrocédées àl’ex-URSS ont été rapatriées. 3.2 Divisions administratives et villes principales La Pologne est divisée en 16 régions ou voïvodies (województwo) : Bass...

• Richard Bennett.

  that had existed since 1920. He used able people from various government departments to write legislation, to negotiate trade agreements, and to act as economicadvisers. He also built up the political and secret work of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. A Tariff Policy Bennett's tariff policy combined protection for Canadian farmers and manufacturers and special treatment for nations that were members of the British Commonwealth.In 1932, at a Commonwealth economic conference, a series of agree...

• Richard Bennett - Canadian History.

  that had existed since 1920. He used able people from various government departments to write legislation, to negotiate trade agreements, and to act as economicadvisers. He also built up the political and secret work of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. A Tariff Policy Bennett's tariff policy combined protection for Canadian farmers and manufacturers and special treatment for nations that were members of the British Commonwealth.In 1932, at a Commonwealth economic conference, a series of agree...

• Flood Control.

  When scientific research into the causes of floods showed that the construction of levees was insufficient as a method of control, the first steps were made to provide forreforestation and soil conservation. The Clarke-McNary Act of 1924, the Mississippi Flood Control Act of 1928, and the McSweeney-McNary Act of 1928 were all directedtoward that end. In 1935 the Soil Conservation Service was established by the Congress of the United States under an act declaring a policy of permanent provision f...

• Meteorologie - geographie.

  Eine der erfolgreichsten neueren Methoden für die Beobachtung der Atmosphäre besteht in der Anwendung künstlicher Erdsatelliten. Satelliten in polaren oder stationärenUmlaufbahnen nehmen automatisch Bilder von Wolken- und Sturmmustern auf und senden sie an jede Wetterstation, die Funkübertragungen empfangen kann. Fast allegrößeren Wetterdienste der Welt sind so ausgerüstet, dass sie diese Bilder empfangen können. Infrarotsensoren erlauben die Temperaturbestimmung der oberenWolkenflächen, so dass...

• NASA - astronomy.

  Challenger shuttle after launch in 1986 and the Columbia shuttle during reentry in 2003, killing both crews. Investigations traced the accidents to design flaws and tomanagement problems. Both accidents led to design and procedure changes, and to a temporary stoppage of shuttle flights. Following the Columbia disaster, NASA alsoannounced plans to retire the shuttle in 2010, after completion of the International Space Station (ISS), a human orbital research facility. The Constellation program is...

• nucléaires, armes1PRÉSENTATIONnucléaires, armes, engins explosifs conçus pour produire instantanément une grande quantité d'énergie nucléaire et utilisés comme armes de guerre.

  3.2. 3 Matière fissile 3.2.3. 1 Isotopes de l’uranium L’uranium-235, isotope fissile de l’uranium, ne représente que 0,7 p. 100 de l’uranium naturel ; le reste est constitué d’uranium-238, plus lourd. Aucun procédé chimique ne permet de séparer l’uranium-235 de l’uranium naturel, car ces deux isotopes ont des propriétés chimiques identiques. Plusieurs techniques ont cependant été mises au point pour les séparer, toutes fondées sur l’utilisation de l’infime différence de poids entre les deux...

• Etre juste, est-ce être dans son droit ?

  largement la seule justice formelle.Le système étatique, quand bien même vise-t-il le bien commun, n'est pas pour autant juste. Il a plutôt tendance àentériner les inégalités existantes; c'est là notamment le reproche qu'adresse Marx aux démocraties. En effet, leprincipe de propriété qui apparaît dans la Déclaration des droits de l'homme et qui constitue un droit ne contribuequ'à accentuer les inégalités matérielles existantes. Et d'ailleurs, ce principe peut légitimer une possession qui auraité...

• Bibliographie : - Les Rêveries du promeneur solitaire, de Rousseau (Garnier-Flammarion).

  Rousseau et les Rêveries du promeneur solitaire — Introduction On donne l’autorisation à Rousseau de rentrer à Paris, sous une condition : qu’il n’écrive pas et qu’il ne communique pas les Confessions , ni qu’il en fasse des lectures publiques. Dans un premier temps, il vit rue Plâtrière, au cinquième étage. Pour gagner sa vie, il joue de la musique, comme il l’a toujours fait. Il a la réputation d’avoir la plus belle main de Paris. C’est à pa...

• Modern Dance I INTRODUCTION Modern Dance, tradition of theatrical dance unique to the 20th century.

  Though both had their own interests and styles, their collaboration helped establish modern dance as a 20th-century artform. Shawn helped overcome prejudices against men in the new field of modern dance.E.O. Hoppé/Corbis Because a dance language involves elements such as posture, use of the body’s weight, and the character of movements (sinuous, angular, and so forth)—as well asspecific movements of the head, torso, hands, arms, legs, and feet—most creators of modern dance have considered it ess...

• Mars - astronomie.

  par les Américains en vue de leur retour sur Terre. La capture sur orbite martienne sera d’une extrême complexité car les deux conteneurs, d’une taille inférieure à celled’un ballon de basket, se trouveront sur des orbites aux coordonnées incertaines. D’autres missions identiques sont envisagées par la NASA jusqu’en 2013. Quant au CNES, compte tenu de la puissance disponible sur Ariane 5, il propose d’ajouter un petitmodule de 200 kg à quelques missions commerciales du lanceur. Ces modules prend...

• clonage (Biologie et Anatomie).

  le noyau somatique. C’est en quelque sorte un jumeau de cet organisme, mais produit à l’âge adulte. Si cette technique fait depuis 1996 l’objet de nombreuses expériences sur des mammifères variés, elle est cependant loin d’être au point. Tout d’abord, seule une infimepartie (quelques pour cent à peine) des embryons clonés se développent normalement et arrivent à terme. De surcroît, parmi ces derniers, une forte proportion développe,au cours de sa croissance ultérieure, diverses pathologies et m...

• Steam Engine.

  wear caused by this pressure, steam-engine valves are frequently made in a cylindrical form entirely enclosing the piston, so that the pressure is equal all around thevalve and friction is minimized. The development of this type of valve is attributed to the American inventor and manufacturer George Henry Corliss. In other types ofslide valves, the moving portion of the valve is designed so that steam does not press directly on the back of the valve. The linkage between the piston of the engine...

• Présentation du Contrat social de Rousseau

  clauses en sont légitimes. Pour formuler leur argumentation les théoriciens du droit naturel s'appuient sur l'idée, familière à l'époque, d'unhypothétique état de nature, c'est à dire d'un état de l'humanité précédant toute espèce d'institution, où leshommes n'obéissant à aucune autorité, vivent dans l'indépendance et l'égalité. L'égalité consistant en ceci : nuln'est par nature fondé à commander aux autres ou destiné à obéir. Dès lors, pour que se forme la Société Civile (ou...

• Homer I INTRODUCTION Homer, the name traditionally assigned to the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, the two major epics that have survived from Greek antiquity.

  Apollo ), and some have argued that portions of the texts, such as the concluding scenes of the Odyssey, were added by another hand. However, they generally believed that Homer was a poet (or at most, a pair of poets) much like the poets they knew from their own experience. They believed that the Iliad and the Odyssey, although based on traditional materials, were independent, original, and largely fictional. In the last 200 years, however, this view has changed radically, following the emer...

• Homer.

  Apollo ), and some have argued that portions of the texts, such as the concluding scenes of the Odyssey, were added by another hand. However, they generally believed that Homer was a poet (or at most, a pair of poets) much like the poets they knew from their own experience. They believed that the Iliad and the Odyssey, although based on traditional materials, were independent, original, and largely fictional. In the last 200 years, however, this view has changed radically, following the emer...

• océan (géographie) 1 PRÉSENTATION océan (géographie), vaste étendue d'eau salée qui occupe un bassin profond entre deux continents.

  météorologique), entre 27 et 28 °C ; elles décroissent de part et d’autre en direction des pôles, mais il existe des anomalies liées aux courants marins. Autour del’Antarctique et au centre de l’océan Glacial Arctique, les eaux de surface ont une température inférieure à - 1 °C toute l’année, dès le 75 e parallèle ; la mer y est gelée en permanence ; la banquise (ou pack ) s’étend encore plus en hiver mais on observe actuellement sa fonte et une diminution de son extension que l’on attribue au...

• eluard

• CENSURE & LITTERATURE

  • Soundiata Keita unifie donc toute la savane, entre Niger et Sénégal, annexant à son tour le Sasso, le Ouagadou et le Ména (1240). Sa progression se heurte à une vive résistance animiste en haute Casamance et en haute Gambie. Vainqueur, Soundiata est proclamé roi des rois : Mansa. Le Mali est né. LA FORMATION DE L'EMPIRE • Revenu des guerres de conquête, Soundiata structure la société malinké et celles des peuples conquis en castes professionnell...

• Mond - Astronomie.

  5.1 Bildung durch Abspaltung von der Erde Nach der modernen Version dieser Theorie spaltete sich in der erdgeschichtlichen Frühzeit, als die Erde sehr schnell rotierte, das Material des Mondes durch die Fliehkraftvon der Erde ab. Diese Vorstellung wurde teilweise dadurch gestützt, dass der Mond etwa die gleiche Dichte hat wie die Gesteine im oberen Erdmantel. Jedoch hätte derDrehimpuls der Erde nach dieser Theorie zum Erzeugen der Rotationsinstabilität viel größer sein müssen, als es der Drehim...

• Portland - geography.

  Garden arena, which opened in 1995. In 2000 the Portland Fire, an expansion Women's National Basketball Association team, began play in the Rose Garden as well. VI ECONOMY Portland enjoys a diversified economy. Major manufactured products include paper, transportation equipment, metal products, sportswear, and electronic componentsand equipment. Major corporations headquartered in the metropolitan region include Nike, a leader in the manufacture of sports footwear, in Beaverton; Louisiana-Paci...

• Constitution of Canada.

  A2 Constitution Act of 1982 The Constitution Act of 1982 patriated Canada’s constitution, allowing Canadian lawmakers to amend the constitution without significant involvement by the United Kingdom. It also established procedures that made it somewhat easier to pass constitutional amendments. Before the act was passed, no amendments could be madewithout the unanimous consent of the provinces. The Constitution Act of 1982 established the so-called 7 and 50 rule, which allows amendments to the...

• Central African Republic - country.

  Manufacturing activity in the Central African Republic is very limited. Products include cottonseed, peanut, and sesame oils; textiles; leather goods; tobacco products;soap; flour; bricks; and paint. The output of electricity in 2003 was 106 million kilowatt-hours, 80.19 percent of which was generated in hydroelectric installations. Gemdiamonds account for nearly all the country’s mineral output and two-thirds of its export revenue. Production was 250,000 carats in 2004. Uranium was discovered i...

• Côte d'Ivoire - country.

  D Culture Traditional artistic expressions in Côte d’Ivoire include woodcarvings (particularly masks), decorative fabrics, and acrobatic dancing. Urban populations have beengreatly influenced by French culture. The French language is almost universally used in the written literature of Côte d’Ivoire, to the exclusion of the African languages. IV ECONOMY About 60 percent of Côte d’Ivoire’s total labor force is employed in farming and forestry. Government efforts to avoid dependence on a small...

• Lima (Peru) - geography.

  home to a wide range of museums, many focusing on Peru’s indigenous heritage. These include the National Museum of Anthropology and Archaeology, the GoldMuseum of Peru, the Museum of the Central Reserve Bank, and the Rafael Larco Herrera Museum, which specializes in pre-Hispanic ceramics. Art and history museumsare also found in metropolitan Lima, including the National Museum of the Republic, the Museum of Peruvian Culture, and the Museum of the Inquisition, in the buildingwhere colonial Cathol...

• Organic Chemistry - chemistry.

  B Alkenes and Alkynes Isomeric with the cyclanes, or cycloalkanes as they are sometimes called, is the family of alkenes, also represented by the general formula C nH2n. This family of hydrocarbons is characterized by one or more double bonds between carbon atoms. Propene and cyclopropane, for example, are isomers, as are 1,3-dimethylcyclohexane and 3,4-dimethyl-2-hexene. (The location of the double bond is indicated by the 2-hexene part of the name.) Double bonds may also occur incyclic compou...

• Gabon - country.

  government is engaged in preservation and reforestation programs. The fish catch in 2005 was 43,941 metric tons. C Mining Mining has developed rapidly since Gabon’s independence in 1960. Annual production of extremely high-grade manganese ore, from Moanda in the southeast, was1,090,000 metric tons in 2004. The rich deposits of iron ore located at Mekambo and Bélinga in the northeast have reserves estimated at more than 500 million metrictons. Exploitation of the iron ore has been hampered by th...

• Vietnam - geographie.

  3.3. 1 Feiertage Der wichtigste vietnamesische Feiertag ist Têt, das Neujahrsfest nach dem Mondkalender, das Ende Januar oder Anfang Februar gefeiert wird. Têt wird drei Tage lang mit Festessen und Besuchen bei Freunden und der Familie gefeiert. Trung Nguyên, der Tag der umherirrenden Seelen, ist ein buddhistischer Feiertag. Er wird am 15. Tag des siebten Monats im Mondkalender begangen und ist der zweithöchste Feiertag nach Têt. Thanh Minh („rein und hell”) ist ein Fest zum Gedenken an V...

• HOMME ORIGINE ET ÉVOLUTION DE L'HOMME GÉNÉRALITÉS L'humanité actuelle est très hétérogène en apparence, mais elle est plutôt homogène sur le plan strictement génétique.

  2 Il y a un million d’années, l’ Homo erectus avait déjà atteint les franges situées les plus à l’est du continent asiatique. Par la suite, en se déplaçant vers des latitudes plus septentrionales, il parvint à coloniser également une bonne partie des territoires de l’Europe méditerranéenne et continentale. Par suite de cette vaste diffusion, les populations humaines, dispersées géographiquement et souvent isolées, protégées par des micro-milieux déjà partiellement artificiels, se différencière...

• Indianapolis - geography.

  Amateur athletic competitions are frequent in Indianapolis. Each summer it is the site for the finals of the Hoosier State Games, with athletes of all ages and skill levelscompeting in 21 sports. In 1987 Indianapolis hosted the Tenth Pan American Games, and is often the site for numerous Olympic trials and collegiate sportschampionships. Among the many sports facilities are those for tennis, bicycle racing, skating, and track and field. The city’s professional football team, the Indianapolis Col...

• Rap I INTRODUCTION Jay-Z Rapper Jay-Z rose to popularity with such albums as Vol.

  Run-DMCTypically in rap music, vocalists recite rhyming lyrics in time to a beat that may be sampled from prerecorded music byother groups. Black youths developed rap music on the streets of inner cities in the United States during the 1970s, butthe style has expanded to include a wider variety of performers and audiences. The rap group Run-DMC, shown here, wasa powerful early influence in the genre. The group helped bring rap music into the mainstream when it released “WalkThis Way” (1986), a s...

• Kosmologie - Astronomie.

  gegenwärtig gültige Modell des Universums. Auch Lemaître erarbeitete eine Lösung für Einsteins Gleichung. Bekannter aber ist seine These vom „Primitivatom”. Er stellte die Behauptung auf, dass die GalaxienBruchstücke dieses Atoms wären, die bei dessen Explosion weggeschleudert worden sind, was zur Ausdehnung des Universums führte. Das war der Ausgangspunkt für dieTheorie vom Urknall (englisch: Big Bang Theory ) als Ursprung des Universums. Die Geschicke des Friedmann’schen Universums werden vo...

• Native American Literature I INTRODUCTION Leslie Marmon Silko Native American writer Leslie Marmon Silko is perhaps best known for her first novel, Ceremony (1977), a coming-of-age story about a young man of mixed Native American and white ancestry.

  SequoyahNative Americans did not use a complex written language before the immigration of Europeans to the Americas. In theearly 1820s the Cherokee leader Sequoyah developed an alphabet and written language for his native tongue. ManyCherokee learned the new written language readily, and in 1828 they published the first Native American newspaper,written in both Cherokee and English.THE BETTMANN ARCHIVE Before Native Americans came into contact with Europeans, many tribes supplemented the spoken...

• Benjamin Franklin.

  Copley Medal for distinguished contributions to experimental science. Franklin also exerted a great influence on education in Pennsylvania. In 1749 he wrote thepamphlet Proposals Relating to the Education of Youth in Pennsylvania; its publication led to the establishment in 1751 of the Academy of Philadelphia, later to become the University of Pennsylvania. The curriculum he suggested departed considerably from the study of the Greek and Roman classics then in vogue. Instead itemphasized Engl...

• Benjamin Franklin - USA History.

  Copley Medal for distinguished contributions to experimental science. Franklin also exerted a great influence on education in Pennsylvania. In 1749 he wrote thepamphlet Proposals Relating to the Education of Youth in Pennsylvania; its publication led to the establishment in 1751 of the Academy of Philadelphia, later to become the University of Pennsylvania. The curriculum he suggested departed considerably from the study of the Greek and Roman classics then in vogue. Instead itemphasized Engl...

• Wilfrid Laurier.

  The Manitoba schools were the main issue in the 1896 election. Although the Catholic clergy campaigned against him, Laurier argued in Québec that he would obtainbetter terms for the Catholics by negotiating directly with the provincial government of Manitoba. “Hands off Manitoba” was an effective slogan in the other provinces aswell. A second issue was corruption in the Conservative Party, as a series of scandals had rocked the Bowell administration. Israel Tarte, a former Québec conservativewho...

• Wilfrid Laurier - Canadian History.

  The Manitoba schools were the main issue in the 1896 election. Although the Catholic clergy campaigned against him, Laurier argued in Québec that he would obtainbetter terms for the Catholics by negotiating directly with the provincial government of Manitoba. “Hands off Manitoba” was an effective slogan in the other provinces aswell. A second issue was corruption in the Conservative Party, as a series of scandals had rocked the Bowell administration. Israel Tarte, a former Québec conservativewho...

• Russie.

  (18 390 km²), et le lac Onega (9 610 km²), tous deux d’origine glaciaire, situés au nord-ouest de la Russie d’Europe et dont le principal émissaire, la Neva, rejoint le golfede Finlande. 2.3 Climat Le territoire de la Russie est soumis, dans sa plus grande partie, à un climat continental rigoureux, avec des hivers longs et froids, des étés chauds mais courts, et dessaisons intermédiaires réduites. La majeure partie du pays connaît plus de cent vingt jours de gel par an. Plusieurs facteurs inter...

• Rutherford B.

  Governor Hayes gave Ohio an honest administration. During his two separate terms (from 1868 to 1872 and then from 1876 to 1877) were conspicuous, in that age ofpolitical corruption, for freedom from scandal and irregularities. Even newspapers that supported the opposition Democratic Party praised his administration. Although a Democratic legislature in Hayes's first term obstructed many of his liberal measures, he was able to reform the prison system. During his second term aRepublican majority...

• Cuban Revolution.

  Confederation of Labor, threw its support behind Batista. In the same month, the U.S. government cut off weapons sales to Batista’s government. U.S. envoys andpolitical moderates in Cuba tried to convince Batista to leave power peacefully, but Batista refused. Meanwhile, revolutionaries from Castro’s movement and from otherorganizations escalated violent resistance. During the second half of 1958, guerrillas seized ground in the countryside from the army. In the cities, several of Batista’sleadi...

• Rome (Italy) - geography.

  country’s best, and in the summer at the Baths of Caracalla. The city also has some 20 theaters and 6 major concert halls, which offer a varied repertory during the fall,winter, and spring. The museums of the city deal with all aspects of the arts and sciences and are among the world’s finest. The oldest art collection in Rome, housed in the CapitolineMuseum, was established in 1471 and contains exceptional antiquities. Among other Roman museums are the National Museum of the Villa Giulia, which...

• Erkenntnistheorie - Philosophie.

  durch die Rhetorik geleistet: Überzeugend ist, was überzeugend vorgebracht wird, auch wenn es sich allein auf rhetorische Kunstfertigkeit stützt. 3.1. 2 Platon Die klassische griechische Philosophie versuchte, dieser Beliebigkeit zu entkommen und die Wahrheit als das Ziel der Philosophie anzustreben. Um zu diesem auch ethischals hochstehend aufgefassten Ziel zu gelangen, versuchte Platon – z. B. im Menon , Theaitet wie in der Politeia – in der Nachfolge seines Lehrers Sokrates, den Sophiste...

• Arabic Literature I INTRODUCTION Arabic Literature, literature written in the Arabic language, from the 6th century to the present.

  The life of the Prophet Muhammad also generated its own literary sources, primary among which is the hadith. The hadiths were a collection of the Prophet's sayings and actions, transmitted through a chain of authorities said to go back to Muhammad himself. The two most famous collections of hadiths are those of al-Bukhari andMuslim in the 9th century. These works provide a wealth of information covering all aspects of a Muslim's life, from prayer to personal, social, and business conduct. The...

• Isaac NewtonIINTRODUCTIONIsaac Newton (1642-1727), English physicist, mathematician, and natural philosopher, considered one of the most important scientists of all time.

  B Calculus (Newton’s “Fluxional Method”) In 1669 Newton gave his Trinity mathematics professor Isaac Barrow an important manuscript, which is generally known by its shortened Latin title, De Analysi . This work contained many of Newton’s conclusions about calculus (what Newton called his “fluxional method”). Although the paper was not immediately published, Barrowmade its results known to several of the leading mathematicians of Britain and Europe. This paper established Newton as one of the...

• Isaac Newton.

  B Calculus (Newton’s “Fluxional Method”) In 1669 Newton gave his Trinity mathematics professor Isaac Barrow an important manuscript, which is generally known by its shortened Latin title, De Analysi . This work contained many of Newton’s conclusions about calculus (what Newton called his “fluxional method”). Although the paper was not immediately published, Barrowmade its results known to several of the leading mathematicians of Britain and Europe. This paper established Newton as one of the t...

• Excerpt from Dombey and Son - anthology.

  light. Rivers and seas were formed to float their ships; rainbows gave them promise of fair weather; winds blew for or against their enterprises; stars and planetscircled in their orbits, to preserve inviolate a system of which they were the centre. Common abbreviations took new meanings in his eyes, and had sole reference tothem. A.D. had no concern with anno Domini, but stood for anno Dombei—and Son. He had risen, as his father had before him, in the course of life and death, from Son to D...