619 résultats pour "began"

• White House - geography.

  Each Thanksgiving, the pardoning of the turkey takes place in the Rose Garden. This ceremony of rescuing a turkey and sending it to a petting zoo began during HarryTruman’s term, although Abraham Lincoln is said to have set a precedent by sparing his son’s pet turkey from the oven. III INSIDE THE WHITE HOUSE A large complex is needed for the many activities that take place at the White House. The White House has 132 rooms, 4 dining rooms, 35 bathrooms, 8 staircases, 3elevators, a clinic, a den...

• Excerpt from Mansfield Park - anthology.

  arranged round the other. It was a fine arrangement for Henry Crawford, who was close to Fanny, and with his hands full of business, having two persons' cards tomanage as well as his own—for though it was impossible for Fanny not to feel herself mistress of the rules of the game in three minutes, he had yet to inspirit herplay, sharpen her avarice, and harden her heart, which, especially in any competition with William, was a work of some difficulty; and as for Lady Bertram, he mustcontinue in c...

• Arab-Israeli Conflict.

  the Suez Canal and in 1951 blockaded the Strait of Tiran (Israel’s access to the Red Sea), which Israel regarded as an act of war. In June 1956 Egypt nationalized theSuez Canal, which had been jointly owned by Britain and France. In late October, Israel invaded the Gaza Strip and Sinai Peninsula, defeating Egyptian forces there.Britain and France attacked Egypt a few days later. Although the fighting was brief and Israel eventually withdrew from the Sinai and Gaza, the conflict furtherexacerbate...

• Arab-Israeli Conflict - History.

  the Suez Canal and in 1951 blockaded the Strait of Tiran (Israel’s access to the Red Sea), which Israel regarded as an act of war. In June 1956 Egypt nationalized theSuez Canal, which had been jointly owned by Britain and France. In late October, Israel invaded the Gaza Strip and Sinai Peninsula, defeating Egyptian forces there.Britain and France attacked Egypt a few days later. Although the fighting was brief and Israel eventually withdrew from the Sinai and Gaza, the conflict furtherexacerbate...

• Winston Churchill I INTRODUCTION Winston Churchill (1874-1965), British politician and prime minister of the United Kingdom (1940-1945, 1951-1955), widely regarded as the greatest British leader of the 20th century.

  sufficient tools to break the stalemate on the western front and he worked on developing armored fighting vehicles (tanks) to break the deadlock and end theslaughter. As the lines hardened on the western front, Churchill focused on a campaign to force open the Dardanelles Strait, controlled by the Ottoman Empire, to give the Allies adirect route to Russia through the Black Sea. Such a move would bring much-needed supplies to the Russian armies and eliminate the Ottomans from the war. Whenthe nav...

• Winston Churchill.

  sufficient tools to break the stalemate on the western front and he worked on developing armored fighting vehicles (tanks) to break the deadlock and end theslaughter. As the lines hardened on the western front, Churchill focused on a campaign to force open the Dardanelles Strait, controlled by the Ottoman Empire, to give the Allies adirect route to Russia through the Black Sea. Such a move would bring much-needed supplies to the Russian armies and eliminate the Ottomans from the war. Whenthe nav...

• Winston Churchill .

  sufficient tools to break the stalemate on the western front and he worked on developing armored fighting vehicles (tanks) to break the deadlock and end theslaughter. As the lines hardened on the western front, Churchill focused on a campaign to force open the Dardanelles Strait, controlled by the Ottoman Empire, to give the Allies adirect route to Russia through the Black Sea. Such a move would bring much-needed supplies to the Russian armies and eliminate the Ottomans from the war. Whenthe nav...

• Richard Nixon.

  As President Eisenhower neared the end of his second term, his vice president emerged as his logical successor, and the president endorsed Nixon in March. Nixonreceived an impressive vote in party primaries, and at the Republican National Convention, held in Chicago in July, he received all but ten of the delegates’ votes on thefirst ballot. Nixon chose as his running mate the U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, Henry Cabot Lodge of Massachusetts. An unusual feature of the campaign wasa serie...

• Richard Nixon

  As President Eisenhower neared the end of his second term, his vice president emerged as his logical successor, and the president endorsed Nixon in March. Nixonreceived an impressive vote in party primaries, and at the Republican National Convention, held in Chicago in July, he received all but ten of the delegates’ votes on thefirst ballot. Nixon chose as his running mate the U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, Henry Cabot Lodge of Massachusetts. An unusual feature of the campaign wasa serie...

• Gerald Ford.

  In May 1973 the Senate Select Committee on Presidential Activities opened hearings and in a series of startling revelations, Dean testified that Mitchell had ordered thebreak-in and that the president had authorized payments to the burglars to keep them quiet. The Nixon administration vehemently denied these assertions. In March 1974 a grand jury indicted Mitchell, Haldeman, Ehrlichman, and four other White House officials for their part in covering up the Watergate break-in andreferred to Nixon...

• Gerald Ford

  In May 1973 the Senate Select Committee on Presidential Activities opened hearings and in a series of startling revelations, Dean testified that Mitchell had ordered thebreak-in and that the president had authorized payments to the burglars to keep them quiet. The Nixon administration vehemently denied these assertions. In March 1974 a grand jury indicted Mitchell, Haldeman, Ehrlichman, and four other White House officials for their part in covering up the Watergate break-in andreferred to Nixon...

• Slavery in the United States - U.

  tripled, from about 1.2 million to almost 4 million in 1860. The natural growth of the slave population meant that slavery could survive without new slave imports. Natural population growth also hastened the transition from an African to an African American slave population. By the 1770s, only about 20 percent of slaves in thecolonies were African-born, although the concentration of Africans remained higher in South Carolina and Georgia. After 1808 the proportion of African-born slavesbecame tin...

• Iceland - country.

  III PEOPLE Icelanders are one of the most homogenous peoples in the world. They are predominantly of Nordic origin, descendants of the hardy people who emigrated fromNorway to Iceland in the Middle Ages. There are also some Celtic influences from Irish and Scottish immigrants who arrived from the British Isles ( see Celts). The population of Iceland (2008 estimate) is 304,367. Numerous times in its history, Iceland has suffered major population losses due to epidemics, volcanic eruptions, and...

• Asian Theater I INTRODUCTION Asian Theater, live performance, featuring actors or puppets, native to Asia, a continent with more than 2 billion people of many nations and cultures.

  III THEATER IN EAST ASIA Theater in East Asia includes the traditions of China, Japan, and Korea. Most Chinese theater is urban, secular (nonreligious) entertainment, influenced by the ethics of Confucianism. However, a belief in spirits influences rituals performed by ethnic minorities in China, and Buddhism dominates traditional Tibetan performance. Japanesedramatic forms combine native shamanistic performance, secular entertainment, and cultural or religious influences from China and Kore...

• Native American Art I INTRODUCTION Native American Art, the visual works crafted by indigenous people of North America, starting after their arrival on the continent thousands of years ago and continuing until the present.

  artists in the Ohio area cut delicate flat forms from sheets of mica in the shape of birds, human figures, and large hands. They also carved quite natural-looking birdsand animals on stone platform pipes. These figures sat on the pipe’s flat base, or platform, and on some pipes they were part of the pipe bowl. Prominent people ofthese cultures were buried with a wealth of ornaments, such as jewelry of shells and copper, and headdresses elaborated with animal forms. The period of Mississippian cu...

• Public Education in the United States.

  opportunities for them to break out from whatever social or economic circumstances constrained their development. IV HIGHER EDUCATION During the 20th century participation in higher or postsecondary education in the United States increased as dramatically as it did in American high schools. At thebeginning of the century about 2 percent of Americans from the ages of 18 to 24 were enrolled in a college. There were fewer than 1,000 colleges then, with enrollmenttotaling about 157,000 students. N...

• From Pride and Prejudice - anthology.

  But why Mr Darcy same so often to the Parsonage, it was more difficult to understand. It could not be for society, as he frequently sat there ten minutes togetherwithout opening his lips; and when he did speak, it seemed the effect of necessity rather than of choice—a sacrifice to propriety, not a pleasure to himself. He seldomappeared really animated. Mrs Collins knew not what to make of him. Colonel Fitzwilliam's occasionally laughing at his stupidity, proved that he was generallydifferent, wh...

• Uganda - country.

  Uganda’s population is predominantly rural and is concentrated in the south, particularly in the crescent at the edge of Lake Victoria and in the southwest. Almost allUgandans are black Africans. Foreign residents make up less than 4 percent of the population and come mostly from neighboring states. In 2008 Uganda’s population was estimated at 31,367,972. The estimated growth rate of the population in 2008 was 3.6 percent. The birth rate was 48 per 1,000people and the death rate 12 per 1,000. Th...

• Terrorism.

  exploitation, ethnic discrimination, and religious persecution. Perceived inequities in the distribution of wealth and political power have led some terrorists to attempt tooverthrow democratically elected governments. To achieve a fairer society, they would replace these governments with socialist or communist regimes. Left-wingterrorist groups of the 1960s and 1970s with such aims included Germany’s Baader-Meinhof Gang, Italy’s Red Brigades, and the Weather Underground ( see Weathermen) in the...

• Intelligence.

  education. Teachers had no way of knowing which of the “slow” students had true learning problems and which simply had behavioral problems or poor prior education.In 1904 the French Ministry of Public Instruction asked Binet and others to develop a method to objectively identify children who would have difficulty with formaleducation. Objectivity was important so that conclusions about a child’s potential for learning would not be influenced by any biases of the examiner. The governmenthoped tha...

• birmingham

  thrown a Molotov cocktail in the bus and the bus began to catch fire and i yelled « everybody out » and we went out outside . When we went out , the group terrorist hit us with baeball bat . people in the bus went out the bus crawling .finally ,the bus exploded » Its crazy, the men in the testimony has burned the bus to a color of skin its desperate Indeed, as he say by louis , there was a lot of damage because people are injured( white and black) and the bus is ash. The testimony of l...

• Greece Today, a nation in southeastern Europe, part of the Balkan Peninsula.

  artists carved statues and fashioned jewelry to commemorate the gods. The Classical Age was the height of cultural development. Greece 61 During all of its history, Greece was a collection of city-states, or small communities, rather than a nation. These communities organized around individual political ideals, but the people of this peninsula shared a great deal of culture and trade. They shared a common language and common beliefs in the great pantheon of Zeus and the Olympian Gods. Though c...

• Bangkok - geography.

  Shipping on the Chao PhrayaThe Chao Phraya River has long been an important transportation artery for Thailand. The river connects the agricultural heartland ofcentral Thailand with the capital, Bangkok, shown here. The port of Bangkok, with its convenient location near the Gulf of Thailand, isthe country’s largest port and handles most of its international trade.Georg Gerster/Photo Researchers, Inc. Government is the largest single employer in Bangkok, but the number of jobs in commerce, constr...

• Walt Disney I INTRODUCTION Walt Disney Walt Disney, an American cartoonist and film producer, started an entertainment empire with his creation of animated movies and world-renowned amusement parks.

  Donald DuckDonald Duck waves to visitors at Walt Disney World in Orlando, Florida. The Disney Studios created the excitable duck in1934.Kelly-Mooney Photography/Corbis In 1923 Disney moved to Hollywood, California. He, his brother Roy O. Disney, and Iwerks began producing short animated films. In 1927 Disney created the cartooncharacter Oswald the Rabbit. A year later he produced another character, a mouse called Mortimer, but shortly after changed the name to Mickey. In 1928 MickeyMouse starred...

• Edmonton - Geography.

  both of which built fur trading posts near present-day Edmonton in 1795. The posts were rebuilt several times, always along the North Saskatchewan River, whichprovided the traders’ main transportation route. The last move came in 1830, when Fort Edmonton was erected on the high bluff where the Alberta Legislature nowstands. For the next 50 years, the fort was the major trading center on the western plains. The modern city began to take shape after 1900, when central Alberta was opened to Europea...

• Whitehorse - Geography.

  Another issue in Whitehorse is water quality. Bacteria levels in Schwatka Lake, the city’s water source, have increased in recent years due to population growth in areasabove the lake. In addition, the city’s sewage treatment system discharges wastewater into the Yukon River. The level of waste treatment is not adequate, and thesewage poses a health hazard. Whitehorse is presently improving its sewage treatment system. VII HISTORY Whitehorse was founded during the Klondike gold rush of the lat...

• Brazil Wins Third World Cup In Soccer.

  Playing their fifth consecutive game at Guadalajara's Jalisco Stadium, the Brazilians faced Uruguay in the semifinals on June 17. Uruguay struck first, capitalizingon a blunder by goalie Felix (Miéli Venerand Felix). Brazil equalized just before the half when midfielder Clodoaldo (Tavares Santana Clodoaldo) took a pass fromTostao and drove it home. It was all Brazil in the second half. Pelé constructed two late-game scores within 13 minutes, feeding Jairzinho and then Rivelino. The 3-1victory av...

• Charlottetown - Geography.

  Royalty. In 1864 Charlottetown was the site of the Charlottetown Conference, a meeting between representatives of most of the British North American colonies to discussConfederation. The meeting was a success, and led eventually to the establishment of the Dominion of Canada in 1867. Charlottetown was incorporated in 1855, with a population of 6500. On July 16, 1866, the city experienced its worst of several fires. “The Great Fire” broke out in an oldbuilding near the waterfront. It was thought...

• The Tennis Battle of the Sexes.

  and a raincoat. With the rise in women's tennis Riggs saw the chance for a huge hustle and began making blunt statements about the weakness of the women's game. He challengedany of the top five players on the women's circuit to a match. Margaret Smith Court responded, and the two met on Mother's Day, May 12, 1973. Riggs, a slight,almost frail-looking man, 5-foot-5, with heavy black glasses, looked more like Woody Allen than a chiseled tennis professional, but he possessed an assortment oftri...

• Han Dynasty - history.

  of merit rather than birth. Written examinations were adopted as a means of determining the best qualified people, although use of the examinations in actually makingappointments was limited. A school was established at the capital for training government officials. The administrative bureaucracy was systematized, and a career civilservice was created and extended through much of the empire. Although personally interested in the magical side of Daoism, Wudi made a descendent of Confucius the sup...

• Han Dynasty - history.

  of merit rather than birth. Written examinations were adopted as a means of determining the best qualified people, although use of the examinations in actually makingappointments was limited. A school was established at the capital for training government officials. The administrative bureaucracy was systematized, and a career civilservice was created and extended through much of the empire. Although personally interested in the magical side of Daoism, Wudi made a descendent of Confucius the sup...

• Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky I INTRODUCTION Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky's work combined Russian and European influences.

  The period of his connection with von Meck was one of rich productivity for Tchaikovsky. To this time belong the operas Eugene Onegin (1879), The Maid of Orleans (1881), Mazeppa (1884), and The Sorceress (1887); the ballets Swan Lake (1877) and The Sleeping Beauty (1890); the Violin Concerto in D Major (1878) and the Piano Concerto No. 2 in G Major (1881); the orchestral works Marche Slave (1876), Symphony No. 4 in F Minor (1878), Capriccio Italien (1880), Serenade (1881), the 1...

• Vertebrate - biology.

  E Reptiles Compared to amphibians, reptiles are much more fully adapted to life on land. They have scaly, waterproof skin, and they either give birth to live young or lay eggs withwaterproof shells. There are about 7,000 species alive today, including snakes, alligators, and turtles. During the age of the dinosaurs, about 230 million to 65 millionyears ago, reptiles outnumbered all other land vertebrates put together. F Birds Birds evolved from flightless reptiles but underwent some major chan...

• Acropolis - geography.

  The Erechtheum is one of the most elaborate buildings on the Acropolis. Its plan is irregular, probably because of the sloping site and the need to preserve earlier placesof worship on the site or nearby. Porches project from three sides of the Erechtheum, but they are at different heights and are not centered on each side. GracefulIonic columns support the porches on the eastern and northern sides. Elegant caryatids (columns carved in the shape of draped female figures) support the Porch of t...

• Acropolis - USA History.

  The Erechtheum is one of the most elaborate buildings on the Acropolis. Its plan is irregular, probably because of the sloping site and the need to preserve earlier placesof worship on the site or nearby. Porches project from three sides of the Erechtheum, but they are at different heights and are not centered on each side. GracefulIonic columns support the porches on the eastern and northern sides. Elegant caryatids (columns carved in the shape of draped female figures) support the Porch of t...

• Zululand.

  Mpande died in 1872 and Cetshwayo continued his policy of maintaining good relations with the British. However, British interests soon shifted. For the sake of imperialstrategy and economic opportunity, the British decided to bring all the white-ruled states of southern Africa under their authority. But confederation, as this policy wasknown, seemed to be threatened by an independent, powerful, and unpredictable Zulu state in its midst. Despite desperate negotiations by Cetshwayo, the British we...

• Zululand - U.

  Mpande died in 1872 and Cetshwayo continued his policy of maintaining good relations with the British. However, British interests soon shifted. For the sake of imperialstrategy and economic opportunity, the British decided to bring all the white-ruled states of southern Africa under their authority. But confederation, as this policy wasknown, seemed to be threatened by an independent, powerful, and unpredictable Zulu state in its midst. Despite desperate negotiations by Cetshwayo, the British we...

• St. John's (city, Newfoundland and Labrador) - Geography. I INTRODUCTION St. John's (city,

  coast of Newfoundland and Labrador have brought some hope of potential economic upturn for the port. St. John’s has an international airport, which connects the city to mainland Canada and points outside the country. The city is also the eastern terminus of the Trans-Canada Highway. Although traffic through the city’s harbor has diminished considerably, the port of St. John’s continues to serve as an important Canadian Coast Guarddepot and port of call for container ships. Passenger service on t...

• New Orleans - geography.

  levees bordering Lake Pontchartrain. On the 17th Street Canal, a section about 90 m (about 300 ft) wide collapsed, allowing a torrent of water to enter the city. The rapidlyrising waters flooded more than 80 percent of New Orleans. The disaster prompted a mandatory evacuation of the entire city. A week after the storm, the U.S. Army Corpsof Engineers finished patching the 17th Street Canal levee and began pumping water out of the city. But by then the damage was catastrophic. The city’s low-lyin...

• Tuvalu - country.

  Funafuti has a town council, and each of the other islands except Niulakita has an island council. Members of these councils are directly elected to four-year terms. Tuvalu is active in regional affairs. It is a member of the South Pacific Commission, an advisory body of Western and Pacific nations promoting social stability in theSouth Pacific, and the South Pacific Forum, a regional organization that addresses the foreign affairs and international trade of its member countries. Tuvalu became a...

• Indian Music I INTRODUCTION Classical Dance of South India The southern Indian kathakali is a dance drama that dates from the 17th century.

  Sangita Ratnakara, was written in the 13th century. However, subsequent writers tended to focus on the emotional connotations of individual ragas, associating them with moods, performance times, colors, and deities, and grouping them in terms of families. The modern theoretical system began in the 16th century, when ragasbegan to be classified according to scale—72 in the Karnāṭak system and 10 principal ones in the Hindustani. The 72 mela, as the Karn āṭak scales are called, are derived thro...

• Affirmative Action.

  hiring, purchasing, and other government business. In 1998 Washington State voters passed Initiative 200, a measure that banned affirmative action in state and localgovernment hiring, contracting, and education. Around the same time, federal courts began considering lawsuits from white students denied admission to state universities with affirmative action programs. In somecases, the courts have invalidated such programs on the grounds that they promote reverse racial discrimination. For example...

• Seoul - geography.

  higher learning in South Korea. All of South Korea’s top-ranked universities are in Seoul, including Chung-ang University (1918), Ewha Women’s University (1886),Korea University (1905), Seoul National University (1946), Sogang University (1960), Sung Kyun Kwan University (1938), and Yonsei University (1885). The National Museum features collections of Korean art and artifacts, and the National Science Museum showcases modern Korean technology. The National Library ofKorea, the country’s largest...

• Columbus (Ohio) - geography.

  A balance among manufacturing, technology, research, and financial activities has helped Columbus’s economy to continue to boom. Much of the city’s expansion resultsfrom its function as a sophisticated service center. By 1990 manufacturing occupied only 12 percent of the area’s labor force. That contrasted with services, includinggovernment, finance, and transportation and utilities, which accounted for almost 60 percent of all employment. The two largest employers in Columbus are state governme...

• Napoleon I I INTRODUCTION Napoleon I (1769-1821), emperor of the French, whose imperial dictatorship ended the French Revolution (1789-1799) while consolidating the reforms it had brought about.

  until after Napoleon’s fall did the common people of Europe, alienated from his governments by war taxes and military conscription, fully appreciate the benefits he hadgiven them. VI NAPOLEON’S DOWNFALL In 1812 Napoleon, whose alliance with Alexander I had disintegrated, launched an invasion of Russia that ended in a disastrous retreat from Moscow. Thereafter allEurope united against him, and although he fought on, and brilliantly, the odds were impossible. In April 1814, his marshals refused...

• Napoleon I.

  until after Napoleon’s fall did the common people of Europe, alienated from his governments by war taxes and military conscription, fully appreciate the benefits he hadgiven them. VI NAPOLEON’S DOWNFALL In 1812 Napoleon, whose alliance with Alexander I had disintegrated, launched an invasion of Russia that ended in a disastrous retreat from Moscow. Thereafter allEurope united against him, and although he fought on, and brilliantly, the odds were impossible. In April 1814, his marshals refused...

• Napoleon I .

  until after Napoleon’s fall did the common people of Europe, alienated from his governments by war taxes and military conscription, fully appreciate the benefits he hadgiven them. VI NAPOLEON’S DOWNFALL In 1812 Napoleon, whose alliance with Alexander I had disintegrated, launched an invasion of Russia that ended in a disastrous retreat from Moscow. Thereafter allEurope united against him, and although he fought on, and brilliantly, the odds were impossible. In April 1814, his marshals refused...

• Jakarta - geography.

  voluntary movement of families to Indonesia's less populated islands). Jakarta is a magnet for migrants from other areas of Indonesia; during the late 1980s an estimated 250 migrants arrived daily. Most were between the ages of 15 and39 years, many with six years of education or less. There is also a significant number of commuters and seasonal migrants who work in government, manufacturing,and services. In addition, many of these temporary residents are engaged in informal employment as drivers...

• Forensic Science.

  barbiturates, cocaine, amphetamines, and heroin. When a body is discovered in a lake, stream, river, or ocean and the lungs are found to be filled with water, the medical examiner must determine if the drowningoccurred where the body was found or elsewhere. A standard microscope that can magnify objects to 1500 times their actual size is used to look for the presence orabsence of diatoms, single-celled algae that are found in all natural bodies of water. The absence of diatoms raises the possi...

• Wetland.

  Other plants and animals have special adaptations suited for living in a wet environment. Most emergent plants have air spaces in their stems that enable oxygen to betransported to roots that grow in sediments with no oxygen. Some of the trees that grow in swamps form a set of roots above the soil surface or above the water thatallows them to get oxygen to the lower roots. In saltwater wetlands, specialized cells can limit the amount of salt that enters a plant, or specialized organs can excrete...