675 résultats pour "south"

• Rain Forest.

  dropped into the heart of the forest by helicopters. Suspended from the crane’s long, movable arm is a large gondola that functions as a mobile treetop laboratory.Moving from tree to tree, forest researchers collect specimens, conduct experiments, and observe life in the canopy frontier. The highest stratum of the rain forest is made up of the emergent trees, those individuals that stick up above the forest canopy. Emergents, which do not form acontinuous layer, are usually the giants of the for...

• Gothic Art and Architecture I INTRODUCTION Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris Notre Dame Cathedral, in Paris, was begun in 1163 and completed for the most part in 1250.

  and by external arches, called flying buttresses. Consequently, the thick walls of Romanesque architecture could be largely replaced by thinner walls with glass windows,and the interiors could reach unprecedented heights. A revolution in building techniques thus occurred. With the Gothic vault, a ground plan could take on a variety of shapes. The general plan of the cathedrals, however, consisting of a long three-aisled nave interceptedby a transept and followed by a shorter choir and sanctuary,...

• Qing Dynasty - History.

  The Manchus also dealt with the problem of Russian expansion into northeastern Asia. In 1689 the Treaty of Nerchinsk was signed by an envoy from the Manchu courtand a Russian representing Peter the Great. The treaty, the first between China and a Western country, established territorial boundaries and defined rules ofcommerce for the two powers. Through the mid-18th century, the Manchus continued to consolidate their power. In 1720 the Qing ruler sent forces to fight the Mongols in Tibet and the...

• Bangladesh - country.

  F Environmental Issues Waterborne diseases such as cholera are a serious threat to public health in Bangladesh. Until the 1970s, many of Bangladesh’s people became sick from drinkingpolluted water drawn from surface rivers. Aid agencies such as the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) built shallow wells throughout the country to help provide asafe source of drinking water to Bangladesh’s poor. In the 1990s, however, it was discovered that many of these wells were contaminated by arsenic, a...

• Meteorology.

  to find the corresponding relative humidity and dew-point temperature. III SPECIAL METEOROLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS Meteorologists have developed several sophisticated instruments that measure multiple physical characteristics of the air simultaneously and at more than one location.The most important of these special instruments are radiosondes, Doppler radar, and weather satellites. A Radiosonde A radiosonde measures air temperature, air pressure, and humidity from the earth’s surface up to an alt...

• Nunavut - Canadian History.

  The Arctic Lands is a complex geological area that is centered on the Arctic Ocean. It includes coastal plains, plateaus, and mountains. Coastal plains and plateaus arefound in the western Northwest Territories section of the Arctic Lands, such as on Victoria Island, which is mostly a large, flat plateau. In striking contrast to theserelatively gentle landscapes, the eastern Nunavut section of the Arctic Lands is dominated by a jagged chain of ice-covered mountains. The mountains on EllesmereIsl...

• Ship. I INTRODUCTION Ship, vessel that is buoyant in the water and used

  B1 Biremes Experience soon proved that longer ships posed a new set of problems: They were weaker structurally, more difficult to maneuver, and presented a larger target to anyenemy ship with a ram. In the 8th century BC Mediterranean shipbuilders eliminated these problems with the bireme , a war galley built to accommodate two levels, or banks , of oarsmen. Oarsmen on the lower level rowed oars from ports cut into the side of the vessel, while those above rowed from the deck. This arrangemen...

• Thomas Jefferson I INTRODUCTION Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826), third president of the United States (1801-1809) and author of the Declaration of Independence.

  Jefferson was a poor speaker, but his literary talents made him a highly valued member of committees when resolutions and other public papers were drafted. Heemerged as the recognized author of the patriot cause in Virginia and indeed in the whole of the colonies. Jefferson's first public paper, however, was considered toostiff and formal, and it was rewritten. The paper was a response to the greeting of the new governor, Lord Botetourt, to the General Assembly. Jefferson, who nevertook criticis...

• Thomas Jefferson.

  Jefferson was a poor speaker, but his literary talents made him a highly valued member of committees when resolutions and other public papers were drafted. Heemerged as the recognized author of the patriot cause in Virginia and indeed in the whole of the colonies. Jefferson's first public paper, however, was considered toostiff and formal, and it was rewritten. The paper was a response to the greeting of the new governor, Lord Botetourt, to the General Assembly. Jefferson, who nevertook criticis...

• Thomas Jefferson

  Jefferson was a poor speaker, but his literary talents made him a highly valued member of committees when resolutions and other public papers were drafted. Heemerged as the recognized author of the patriot cause in Virginia and indeed in the whole of the colonies. Jefferson's first public paper, however, was considered toostiff and formal, and it was rewritten. The paper was a response to the greeting of the new governor, Lord Botetourt, to the General Assembly. Jefferson, who nevertook criticis...

• Thomas Jefferson - USA History.

  Jefferson was a poor speaker, but his literary talents made him a highly valued member of committees when resolutions and other public papers were drafted. Heemerged as the recognized author of the patriot cause in Virginia and indeed in the whole of the colonies. Jefferson's first public paper, however, was considered toostiff and formal, and it was rewritten. The paper was a response to the greeting of the new governor, Lord Botetourt, to the General Assembly. Jefferson, who nevertook criticis...

• Hawaii (state) - geography.

  limestone along the coast. The volcanoes of the Hawaiian Islands are all so-called shield volcanoes, or lava domes. Unlike the volcanoes of Alaska and South America, those of Hawaii were notcreated by very explosive eruptions. Formed mostly by lava flows, they are great rounded mountain masses, rather than steep-sided cones. Mauna Kea, dormant forcenturies, is the highest mountain in the state. It rises to 4,205 m (13,796 ft) above sea level, and its summit is dotted with cinder cones formed by...

• Hawaii (state) - USA History.

  limestone along the coast. The volcanoes of the Hawaiian Islands are all so-called shield volcanoes, or lava domes. Unlike the volcanoes of Alaska and South America, those of Hawaii were notcreated by very explosive eruptions. Formed mostly by lava flows, they are great rounded mountain masses, rather than steep-sided cones. Mauna Kea, dormant forcenturies, is the highest mountain in the state. It rises to 4,205 m (13,796 ft) above sea level, and its summit is dotted with cinder cones formed by...

• Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika - geographie.

  Zu den bekanntesten Säugetierarten der Vereinigten Staaten gehören Bisons, Wapitis (amerikanische Rothirsche), Elche, Braunbären (mit den Unterarten Grizzlybär undKodiakbär), Schwarzbären, Pumas, Wölfe, Kojoten und Nordamerikanische Biber; in den Prärien sind Präriehunde verbreitet. Lebten um 1800 noch rund 40 Millionen Bisonsin den Prärien Nordamerikas, waren es 100 Jahre später nur noch etwa 1 000. Heute hat sich der Bestand aufgrund strenger Schutzvorschriften erholt und liegt bei etwa200 000...

• Jakarta - geography.

  than half the households use piped water for drinking. Fewer still use piped water for bathing and washing. Only a small part of Jakarta is served by piped sewers and manyhomes lack septic tanks. III ECONOMY Jakarta developed as a center of trade under the Europeans and it continues to play an important role in international and domestic commerce. The metropolitan region isIndonesia's largest economic center; it attracts most of Indonesia's domestic and foreign investment and, as the administr...

• Mfecane.

  The Kololo, a Sotho people, entered the same region in the early 1820s after being driven from their homeland south of the Vaal River by the Ngwane-Hlubi wars. In1823 the Kololo clashed with the Griqua and turned north into the Kalahari Desert. They eventually crossed the Zambezi and finally settled in what is now westernZambia after overthrowing the powerful Lozi Kingdom in 1840. D Founding of the Sotho Nation The Ngwane-Hlubi wars also drove loosely organized Sotho communities north into the...

• Inca Empire - history.

  rediscovered the site in 1911.© Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Inca society was strictly organized, from the emperor and royal family down to the peasants. The emperor was thought to be descended from the sun god, Inti, and hetherefore ruled with divine authority. All power rested in his hands. Only the influence of custom and the fear of revolt checked the emperor’s power. The emperor had oneofficial wife, but he had many royal concubines and his children by these wives often numbe...

• Ocean and Oceanography - geography.

  gravity, so the level of the ocean will be lower over valleys. Using this method, a complete survey of the ocean floor was accomplished in less than two years. Maps madefrom data on the level of the ocean surface have been compared with maps made with direct depth measurements and the two types have corresponded well. Using sonar, depth measurements are made by measuring the time for a sound wave to travel from the surface of the ocean to the ocean floor, and to return ( see Sounding). Often sev...

• Acropolis - geography.

  The Erechtheum is one of the most elaborate buildings on the Acropolis. Its plan is irregular, probably because of the sloping site and the need to preserve earlier placesof worship on the site or nearby. Porches project from three sides of the Erechtheum, but they are at different heights and are not centered on each side. GracefulIonic columns support the porches on the eastern and northern sides. Elegant caryatids (columns carved in the shape of draped female figures) support the Porch of t...

• Acropolis - USA History.

  The Erechtheum is one of the most elaborate buildings on the Acropolis. Its plan is irregular, probably because of the sloping site and the need to preserve earlier placesof worship on the site or nearby. Porches project from three sides of the Erechtheum, but they are at different heights and are not centered on each side. GracefulIonic columns support the porches on the eastern and northern sides. Elegant caryatids (columns carved in the shape of draped female figures) support the Porch of t...

• Bangkok - geography.

  the decline of the canal system that once so distinguished the city, Bangkok's famous floating market has had to move from the city to the western suburbs. Themarket features vendors selling their wares from boats in the early-morning hours. Since the 1960s, high-rise buildings have been erected all over the city. Typical housing in the core of the city now consists of apartments on the second through fourthfloors of a shophouse; the building’s only recreational space is the rooftop. In the subu...

• Jacksonville (Florida) - geography.

  and southern sections and avoiding the downtown bottleneck where Interstate 95 crosses the Saint Johns River at the Fuller Warren Bridge. In addition to being a regional highway crossroads, the city is a railway hub, with Amtrak passenger service and several freight routes. The city’s expanding airport,located in northern Jacksonville, was the nation’s fastest growing in passenger volume in the mid-1990s. V GOVERNMENT Jacksonville has a mayor-council form of municipal government. The mayor and...

• Qing Dynasty - history.

  ministries and recruited talented Chinese men who had lost confidence in Ming rule to fill some of the posts. In 1635 Abahai renamed his people “Manchu” to give them a sense of a fresh start, free from past ties to the Chinese. In 1636 he declared the beginning of a new dynasty,which he named Qing (Chinese for “pure”). While the Jurchen transformed their social and military organization north of the Great Wall, China to the south faced serious crises. In the 1620s and 1630s, bad weatherruined...

• Eagle - biology.

  States, is a member of this group found only in North America. It is named for its snow-white head. However, the name bald does not refer to a lack of feathers but comes instead from an outdated word meaning marked with white, as in piebald. The adult bald eagle is blackish brown, with a white head and tail. Its bill, legs, and feet are bright yellow. The bill, which is longer and heavier than the gray bill of golden eagles, is useful for piercing the skin of fish. Bald eagles vary in size....

• Honolulu - geography.

  of Brigham Young University. The state’s largest museum, the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, is located in Honolulu. It contains a large collection of Polynesian archaeological artifacts, as well asmany exhibits on Hawaiian history and culture. The museum also has an extensive entomological collection with more than 13 million specimens. Other importantmuseums include the Honolulu Academy of Arts, known for its extensive collection of Japanese, Chinese, and Korean art; the Contemporary Museum, wit...

• Kuwait (country) - country.

  Oil revenues have allowed Kuwait to build an extensive educational system, yielding a literacy rate of 84 percent. Public school is free and compulsory from the age of 6to 13, and several private schools also teach this age group. Kuwait University (founded in 1966) is also free and offers programs in a wide range of professional andscientific fields at several campuses. Both the extensive library system at Kuwait University and the collection at Kuwait National Museum (1957) were heavily damage...

• Panama Canal - Geography.

  The size of ships using the Panama Canal has steadily increased. About 27 percent of the vessels that use the canal are built to the maximum dimensions that can passthrough it (a category called “Panamax”). This has prompted further widening of Gaillard Cut, so that the larger Panamax vessels may transit safely. However, some ofthe world’s commercial and military ships are too large for the canal. Since the 1940s, new U.S. battleships and aircraft carriers have been built exceeding the canal’sdi...

• Honduras - country.

  A Principal Cities The capital and largest city of Honduras is Tegucigalpa (2006 estimate, 1,324,000), located in the south-central highlands region. The country’s second largest city isSan Pedro Sula (549,498). The principal city and commercial center in the north, it lies in the heart of the vast banana plantations on the Caribbean Sea. La Ceiba(127,590) and Puerto Cortés (90,161) are among the leading Caribbean ports. B Language and Religion Spanish is the official language and is spoken by...

• Madrid - geography.

  stores and offices on the first one or two levels. While many people rent their apartments, most own them and participate in cooperatives that maintain the building.Because living spaces are small by American standards, madrileños do most of their socializing in the streets, bars, restaurants, and parks of their neighborhoods. Onlya few very wealthy areas north of the city have single family houses with gardens and yards similar to those in American suburbs. Many of the newest neighborhoodsare c...

• Labor Union.

  B The Legal Environment The legal environment, which permits certain types of union activities and prohibits others, also influences the extent of union organization. States with right-to-worklaws have much lower unionization rates than other states. In the United States, the states with the lowest unionization rates are North Carolina, South Carolina, SouthDakota, and Arkansas—states that have right-to-work laws. In 2000 the unionization rate in these states ranged from 4.44 percent to 6.7 per...

• Switzerland - country.

  formation over higher elevations. The wind reverses direction about sundown and moves down the valley as a cool downdraft. The foehn, which occurs during the wintermonths, is a dry and relatively warm airflow that is drawn northward over the Alps. The foehn can quickly melt snow and ice, increasing the risk of mudslides andavalanches. D Natural Resources Waterpower is the chief natural resource of Switzerland. The principal source of water is runoff from the considerable annual precipitation th...

• Archaeology.

  Prehistoric archaeology is practiced by archaeologists known as prehistorians and deals with ancient cultures that did not have writing of any kind. Prehistory, a term coined by 19th-century French scholars, covers past human life from its origins up to the advent of written records. History—that is, the human past documented insome form of writing—began 5000 years ago in parts of southwestern Asia and as recently as the late 19th century AD in central Africa and parts of the Americas. Becaus...

• Myths and Heroes

  Oscar Pistorius story was so special for South Africans because he was one of very few heroes. History was very special for them because his story was that of someone of an incredible courage who managed to overcome his handicap. It was so difficult because he was the first and the only one able to unite black and white people around him.   We learnt that he could sometimes behave in an “unsportsmanlike” way, he was an alcoholic who loved guns. Moreover, he could easily lose his temp...

• Cattle - biology.

  head, and the leading states are Texas, Missouri, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Montana, Iowa, Colorado, and California. Dairy cattle in the United Statesare estimated to number 9.2 million head; the leading states are California, Wisconsin, New York, Pennsylvania, Minnesota, Texas, Idaho, New Mexico, Ohio, and Iowa. See also Animal Husbandry; Branding; Diseases of Animals. Contributed By:Perry Thomas CuppsMicrosoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights r...

• Zambie.

  bantoue s'y établit après l'an mille. Au XVII e siècle, la région était divisée en royaumes bantous (Lalas, Lozis et Bembas), structurés selon le modèle des Lundas du Zaïre. Ces États centralisés étaient dirigés par des dignitaires nobles qui s'appuyaient sur les systèmes de parenté. Au début du XIX e siècle, des bouleversements intervinrent. La montée en puissance des commerçants swahilis de la côte orientale renforça le pouvoir des Bembas, qui contrôlaient une partie des réseaux commerciaux....

• Milwaukee - geography.

  Milwaukee Museum of ArtThe Quadracci Pavilion, a dynamic addition to the Milwaukee Museum of Art in Wisconsin, opened in 2001. Designed by Spanisharchitect Santiago Calatrava, it features a 27-m (90-ft) high entrance hall enclosed by a sunscreen that can be raised or lowered. It isthe first building in the United States to be designed by Calatrava, who came to international attention after designing a breathtakingbridge for Expo '92, a world’s fair held in Seville, Spain, in 1992.Joseph Sohm; Vi...

• Pan-Africanism.

  (in New York City). These congresses were attended by increasing numbers of representatives from the United States, Europe, Africa, and the Caribbean. Severalimportant factors affected the growing popularity of the congresses. First, many delegates were sponsored by international labor movements, which were growing insize and power in the 1920s. A second factor was the growth of the black nationalist movement of Marcus Garvey. The Garvey movement was important in the UnitedStates as a popular ex...

• Pan-Africanism - history.

  Edward Wilmot BlydenEdward Wilmot Blyden (1832-1912) was an early proponent of Pan-Africanism and a leading black intellectual and scholar of Africanculture. Born in the Virgin Islands, Blyden moved to the West African nation of Liberia in 1851 and promoted the repatriation of freeAmerican blacks to Liberia. He hoped that Liberia, as an independent black-ruled nation, would become a beacon of Pan-Africanism,displaying the great achievements of Africans and people of African descent.Library of Co...

• ?stanbul - geography.

  Blue Mosque, İstanbulThe Blue Mosque in İstanbul, Turkey, was inaugurated in 1616 by Sultan Ahmet I, and was built by Mehmet Aga, a student of thefamous Ottoman architect, Sinan. It is known as the Blue Mosque because of the exquisite blue Iznik tiles that cover the interiorwalls. The mosque’s serene courtyard is completely enclosed by a covered arcade.SuperStock Across the Golden Horn from Stambul is Galata, a business district with shops, restaurants, and the city’s main port. Galata is locat...

• Warsaw - geography.

  (after Katowice in the south). Warsaw, more than anywhere else in the country, has benefited from the boom in construction and commerce that followed the fall ofCommunism in 1989. Warsaw’s unemployment was negligible in the 1990s (3 percent in 1997 compared with a national average of 11 percent), wages in Warsaw werebetter than average, and the city is the top destination for foreign investment. For example, an Italian company took over the Warsaw steelworks, a South Korean firmpurchased an auto...

• Kansas City (Missouri) - geography.

  vicinity of the Holy Rosary Catholic Church is where many Italian immigrants settled. The West Side, bordering the Armourdale industrial district, is a Hispanic area. Blackneighborhoods comprise a large area south of downtown, and the neighborhoods east of the central business district have been mainly black for generations. An extensivearea of black and mixed race neighborhoods borders the central business district of Kansas City, Kansas. Many neighborhoods in northeastern Kansas City are inhab...

• Roma Roman A legendary figure who came to be worshiped as a goddess, Roma was the personification of the city of Rome.

  became Rome. The first hill people settled appears to have been the Capitoline Hill. Archaeologists have discovered some of the oldest temples to the supreme Roman god, Jupiter, on this hill. According to legend, it was on this hill that Romulus founded his city. The next hill that settlers developed was the nearby Palatine, 1,250 yards to the southeast of the Capitoline Hill. Legend says that Evander, a leader from the Arcadia region of ancient Greece, settled this hill even before Romulus was...

• Honolulu - geography.

  Much of Honolulu’s growth and development has concentrated along the southern coast of Oahu. This area is framed to the east by the remnants of a large extinct volcanoknown as Diamond Head and includes Waikiki, located west of Diamond Head; the downtown area, situated near Honolulu Harbor; Honolulu International Airport; andnewer communities in the western part of the island. Two parallel mountain ranges of volcanic origin, the Koolau and Waianae mountains, run north to south across much ofthe i...

• Montréal - geography.

  Place Jacques-Cartier, MontréalPlace Jacques-Cartier is named for the French explorer who was one of the first Europeans to venture into Canada in the 16thcentury. It is a popular spot in the city of Montréal, Québec’s largest city.R.E. Murowchick/Photo Researchers, Inc. French influence lasted for a time after the British conquest of 1760, as shown by some late 18th-century houses. British influence came to prevail, however, and most ofOld Montréal is in fact a Victorian Style city, probably th...

• Winning One for the Gipper.

  Gipp had a swagger off the field as well. A noted pool shark and gambler, he frequented South Bend's less savory establishments and kept hours that would haveearned any other player a swift dismissal from the team. In an era when gambling and college football seemed congenial bedfellows, Gipp often served as the teambookie—for wagers on Notre Dame games. Accused by Rockne of lacking interest in the 1920 Notre Dame-Army clash, Gipp reportedly replied, “You're wrongthere,” according to Wake Up th...

• Bridge (game).

  IV DUPLICATE BRIDGE Duplicate bridge is a variety of contract bridge in which the element of luck affecting the final score is greatly decreased and the factor of skill is correspondinglyincreased. Duplicate is virtually the only game now played in championship bridge tournaments and matches. Duplicate bridge can be played by any number of players divided into pairs or teams. Each pair competes against all (or in some duplicate tournaments against half) theother pairs. The cards are all dealt...

• Women's Swimming: Olympic Gold Medalists.

  1912 Fanny Durack Australia 1:22.2 1920 Ethelda Bleibtrey United States 1:13.6 1924 Ethel Lackie United States 1:12.4 1928 Albina Osipowich United States 1:11.0 1932 Helene Madison United States 1:06.8 1936 Hendrika Mastenbroek The Netherlands 1:05.9 1948 Greta Andersen Denmark 1:06.3 1952 Katalin Szöke Hungary 1:06.8 1956 Dawn Fraser Australia 1:02.0 1960 Dawn Fraser Australia 1:01.2 1964 Dawn Fraser Australia 59.5 1968 Jan Henne United States 1:00.0 1972 Sandra Neilson United States 58.59 1976...

• Checks and Balances.

  no political interest has enough power to prevail over the others. In 1997 and early 1998, for example, the Senate refused to take action on many of President BillClinton’s appointments of new federal court judges. Although the Senate’s power to approve or reject federal court nominees is one of the key checks on presidentialauthority, the dispute between Clinton and the Senate meant that there were not enough federal judges to handle the court’s workload. But the system of checks andbalance was...

• Monkey (animal) - biology.

  traveling in troops, often take turns acting as sentinel, making specific alarm calls to alert their companions to approaching danger. In trees, monkeys have other waysof outwitting their enemies. Capuchins, for example, sometimes fend off inquisitive predators by urinating on them from high above or by jumping up and down tomake dead branches fall on the predators. Most monkeys can breed at any time of the year, so their troops often contain young of many different ages. Courtship is typically...

• Arthur Meighen.

  Liberal Party. The election was disastrous for the Conservatives, who returned only 50 members. The Liberals won 117 seats and the Progressives 65. Meighen himselfwas defeated in Portage la Prairie. He resigned as prime minister on December 29, 1921. V OPPOSITION Meighen soon regained a seat and returned to lead the opposition, since the Progressive Party had refused to be the official opposition. His first major clash with Kingcame in September 1922, when Britain asked for Canada's help in the...