212 résultats pour "gas"
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Gas - ciencia y tecnologia.
(b) del volumen del recipiente; de ahí el término ( v - b). 3.2 Transiciones de fase Cambios de estadoLa materia existe en diferentes fases o estados. Modificando la temperatura y la presión de una muestra de materia, ésta puedepasar de uno de sus estados (sólido, líquido o gaseoso) a otro; se trata de una transición de fase o cambio de estado.© Microsoft Corporation. Reservados todos los derechos. A temperaturas bajas (a las que el movimiento molecular se hace menor) y presiones altas o volúm...
- Gase - Chemie.
- Los sólidos, los líquidos y los gases - (exposé gratuit en espagnol).
- Edgar DEGAS: LORENZO PAGANS ET AUGUSTE DE GAS
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Air - chemistry.
lighting systems, fertilizers, and semiconductors (substances used to make the chips in computers, calculators, televisions, microwave ovens, and many other electronicdevices). A Oxygen More than half of the oxygen produced in the United States is used by the steel industry, which injects the gas into basic oxygen furnaces to heat and produce steel(see Iron and Steel Manufacture: Basic Oxygen Process ). Metalworkers also combine oxygen with acetylene to produce high-temperature torch flames th...
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Combustibles fósiles - geografía.
antracita (carbón duro con un contenido muy alto en carbono y muy bajo en humedad). Como la antracita es el carbón más rico en carbono y con menor contenido dehumedad, es el de más alto valor energético. Las zonas carboníferas en España se encuentran localizadas en diferentes regiones. En Asturias, León, Palencia, Burgos, Ciudad Real y Córdoba se extraen hulla y antracita;en La Coruña, Teruel y Barcelona, lignito, y en Zaragoza, Lleida y Girona, antracita y lignito. 2.3 Formación del gas natural...
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Cambio climático - geografía.
relevante que influye en la dinámica del clima en la Tierra. El hielo presente en las regiones polares proporciona datos sobre la composición de la antigua atmósfera de la Tierra. Los núcleos de hielo analizados por los científicos,procedentes de las placas de hielo de Groenlandia y de la Antártida, ofrecen información sobre la temperatura y los gases de efecto invernadero presentes en la atmósferade hace cientos de miles de años. Las capas de estos núcleos de hielo formadas por las nevadas esta...
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Cambio climático - ciencias de la naturaleza.
relevante que influye en la dinámica del clima en la Tierra. El hielo presente en las regiones polares proporciona datos sobre la composición de la antigua atmósfera de la Tierra. Los núcleos de hielo analizados por los científicos,procedentes de las placas de hielo de Groenlandia y de la Antártida, ofrecen información sobre la temperatura y los gases de efecto invernadero presentes en la atmósferade hace cientos de miles de años. Las capas de estos núcleos de hielo formadas por las nevadas esta...
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Greenhouse Effect.
addition, humans cut down huge tracts of trees for lumber or to clear land for farming or building. This process, known as deforestation, can both release the carbonstored in trees and significantly reduce the number of trees available to absorb carbon dioxide. As a result of these human activities, carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is accumulating faster than Earth’s natural processes can absorb the gas. By analyzing airbubbles trapped in glacier ice that is many centuries old, scientists have d...
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Interstellar Matter - astronomy.
silhouette of a cloud of dust. At other times, it blocks only a percentage of the light from behind it, a process known by astronomers as extinction . The long, narrow dark lanes in the Milky Way as seen from Earth are examples of extinction. The amount of extinction is different for different wavelengths of light. A2 Reddening Starlight that does not get completely absorbed by interstellar dust can still be changed by the dust’s effects. As light passes through less dense patches of interstel...
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Cambio climático - ciencias de la naturaleza.
relevante que influye en la dinámica del clima en la Tierra. El hielo presente en las regiones polares proporciona datos sobre la composición de la antigua atmósfera de la Tierra. Los núcleos de hielo analizados por los científicos,procedentes de las placas de hielo de Groenlandia y de la Antártida, ofrecen información sobre la temperatura y los gases de efecto invernadero presentes en la atmósferade hace cientos de miles de años. Las capas de estos núcleos de hielo formadas por las nevadas esta...
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Fossil Fuels.
water molecules. This crystalline solid is known as gas hydrate. Because technology for the commercial extraction of gas hydrates has not yet been developed, this typeof fossil fuel is not included in most world energy resource estimates. However, in February 2007 the U.S. Department of Energy completed the drilling of a well toretrieve core samples of gas hydrates found in the Prudhoe Bay region of Alaska’s North Slope. By identifying the nature of these gas hydrates, the Energy Departmenthoped...
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Global Warming.
some of the warming influence of increasing greenhouse gases. A1 Carbon Dioxide Carbon dioxide is the second most abundant greenhouse gas, after water vapor. Carbon dioxide constantly circulates in the environment through a variety of naturalprocesses known as the carbon cycle. It is released into the atmosphere from natural processes such as eruptions of volcanoes; the respiration of animals, whichbreathe in oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide; and the burning or decay of plants and other organic...
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World Energy Supply.
In the 1990s, oil production by non-OPEC countries remained strong and production by OPEC countries rebounded. The result at the end of the 20th century was aworld oil surplus and prices (when adjusted for inflation) that were lower than in 1972. Experts are uncertain about future oil supplies and prices. Low prices have spurred greater oil consumption, and experts question how long world petroleum reservescan keep pace with increased demand. Many of the world’s leading petroleum geologists beli...
- Thérèse De Gas par DEGAS
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Comet - astronomy.
may exceed the planet Jupiter in size, however. Observations from telescopes on Earth and in space indicate that most of the gases in the coma and tail of a comet are fragmentary molecules, or radicals, of the mostcommon elements in space: hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. The radicals, for example, of CH, NH, and OH may be broken away from the stable molecules CH 4 (methane), NH 3 (ammonia), and H 2O (water), which may exist as ices or more complex, very cold compounds in the nucleus. Al...
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Hydrogen - chemistry.
Hydrogen gas does not usually react with other chemicals at room temperature. That is, it does not split into two hydrogen atoms to combine with other chemicals. Thebond between the hydrogen atoms is very strong and can only be broken with a large amount of energy. However, when heated with a flame or a spark, hydrogen gaswill react violently with oxygen in the air to produce water in the following reaction: 2H2 + O 2 → 2H 2O This chemical equation shows that two hydrogen molecules (H 2) and o...
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Extrasolar Planets - astronomy.
When a planet passes in a front of the star it orbits—an event called a transit—it causes a small dip in the brightness of the star. Measuring the slight change in thebrightness can be used not only to directly detect a planet, but to determine its size and orbit. However, the planet needs to orbit in a plane that lies in a telescope’sline of sight on the star. Despite long odds, Earth-based telescopes have detected and studied a few exoplanets using this method. The first space telescope design...
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Physical Chemistry - chemistry.
by the system in the form of the flow of electrical currents, formation of surfaces and changes in surface tension, changes in volume or pressure, and formation ordisappearance of chemical species. B Chemical Kinetics This field studies the rates of chemical processes as a function of the concentration of the reacting species, of the products of the reaction, of catalysts and inhibitors, ofvarious solvent media, of temperature, and of all other variables that can affect the reaction rate. It is...
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X-Ray Astronomy - astronomy.
Some neutron stars have weaker magnetic fields that allow incoming material to settle onto the entire surface of the neutron star. Eventually, so much material buildsup that the surface layer becomes dense enough to set off a vast thermonuclear explosion, called an outburst. The explosion heats gas to produce X rays. Such aneutron star—called an X-ray burster—can increase its X-ray production by a million times during an outburst. The X-ray glow fades over time, and the binary systementers a lon...
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Nova - astronomy.
When first discovered, the spectrum of a nova shows that the expanding layers of gas that cause the brightening have temperatures of 40,000° to 50,000° C (70,000°to 90,000° F)—about eight times as hot as the surface of the Sun. By the time a nova reaches maximum brightness, the temperature of the material has fallen to about10,000° C (about 20,000° F), or lower. Just after maximum brightness, the escaping cloud of gas cools and expands enough to become transparent. This transparency allows astro...
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Jupiter (planet) - astronomy.
Beneath the supercritical fluid zone, the pressure reaches 3 million Earth atmospheres. At this depth, the atoms collide so frequently and violently that the hydrogenatoms are ionized—that is, the negatively charged electrons are stripped away from the positively charged protons of the hydrogen nuclei. This ionization results in asea of electrically charged particles that resembles a liquid metal and gives rise to Jupiter’s magnetic field. This liquid metallic hydrogen zone is 30,000 to 40,000 k...
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Planetary Science - astronomy.
III ORIGINS AND COMPOSITIONS OF PLANETS Astronomers believe that planetary systems are formed of elemental materials that were created in the interiors of giant stars. Some of this material comes from giantstars that shed material into space as they age. Most of the matter to form planets, however, comes from stars that explode as supernovas and spread debris enrichedwith the heavier chemical elements into space. According to the currently accepted views, the most likely first stage in the evo...
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Automobile.
Electric motors have been used to power automobiles since the late 1800s. Electric power supplied by batteries runs the motor, which rotates a driveshaft, the shaftthat transmits engine power to the axles. Commercial electric car models for specialized purposes were available in the 1980s. General Motors Corporation introduced amass-production all-electric car in the mid-1990s. Automobiles that combine two or more types of engines are called hybrids. A typical hybrid is an electric motor with ba...
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History of Chemistry - chemistry.
even better distillation apparatus than the Arabs had made and to condense the more volatile products of distillation. Among the important products obtained in thisway were alcohol and the mineral acids: nitric, aqua regia (a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric), sulfuric, and hydrochloric. Many new reactions could be carried outusing these powerful reagents. Word of the Chinese discovery of nitrates and the manufacture of gunpowder also came to the West through the Arabs. The Chinese atfirst use...
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Saturn - astronomy.
measurements of the magnetic field made by the Voyager space probes in the 1980s. Additional Cassini findings reported in March 2007 suggested that particles originating from geysers on the moon Enceladus may provide a partial explanation for thechange. The neutral gas particles become electrically charged and are captured by Saturn’s magnetic field, forming a disk of hot, ionized gas around the planet’sequator. The charged particles interact with the magnetic field and slow down the rotation of...
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Strahlantrieb - Technik.
FlugzeugtriebwerkeDrei Flugzeugtriebwerke im Vergleich: ein Düsenantrieb der ersten Generation (oben), bei dem in der Brennkammer die angesaugteLuft erhitzt und beschleunigt ausgestoßen wird, ein Turboantrieb (Mitte), bei dem die ausgestoßene Luft die Welle mit dem Propellerin Rotation versetzt, und schließlich ein modernes Mantelstrom-Triebwerk (unten), bei dem der überwiegende Teil der angesaugtenLuft zwar beschleunigt, aber um die Brennkammer herumgeführt wird mit dem Ergebnis höherer Wirtsch...
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Acid Rain.
the Adirondack Mountains of New York State, a quarter of the lakes and ponds are acidic, and many have lost their brook trout and other fish. In the middleAppalachian Mountains, over 1,300 streams are afflicted. All of Norway’s major rivers have been damaged by acid rain, severely reducing salmon and trout populations. E Plants and Animals The effects of acid rain on wildlife can be far-reaching. If a population of one plant or animal is adversely affected by acid rain, animals that feed on tha...
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Solar System - astronomy.
dwarf planets according to the IAU because they have rounded shapes from their own gravity but have not cleared their neighborhoods in space of other objects—bothorbit through the Kuiper Belt, a region beyond Neptune containing thousands of small icy bodies. Pluto and Eris are composed of layers of ice around a rocky core.Ceres qualifies as a dwarf planet because it is spherical but is found in the asteroid belt, a zone between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter that contains thousands of smallrocky...
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Moon - astronomy.
B Volcanic Features Maria, domes, rilles, and a few craters display indisputable characteristics of volcanic origin. Maria are plains of dark-colored rock that cover approximately 40 percent ofthe Moon's visible hemisphere. The maria formed when molten rock erupted onto the surface and solidified between 3.16 billion and 3.96 billion years ago. This rockresembles terrestrial basalt, a volcanic rock type widely distributed on Earth, but the rock that formed the maria has a higher iron content an...
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Galaxy - astronomy.
Astronomers have obtained images of young galaxies using the Keck Telescope in Hawaii and the Hubble Space Telescope, which resides in an orbit high above Earth’satmosphere and thus avoids atmospheric interference. Photos from the HST show galaxies that are as far as 13 billion light-years away from Earth, which means theyformed soon after the universe formed about 13.7 billion years ago. The galaxies appear to be spherical in shape, and may be early precursors of elliptical and spiralgalaxies....
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Fire - chemistry.
were usually natural caves. Eventually people learned to dip branches in pitch to form torches. They created crude lamps by filling a hollowed out piece of stone withmoss soaked in oil or tallow (a substance derived from animal fat). By cooking with fire, prehistoric people made the meat of the animals they killed more palatable and digestible. They learned to preserve meat by smoking it over a fire,vastly decreasing the danger of periodic starvation. Cooking also enabled them to add some for...
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Air Pollution.
Several pollutants attack the ozone layer. Chief among them is the class of chemicals known as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), formerly used as refrigerants (notably in airconditioners), as agents in several manufacturing processes, and as propellants in spray cans. CFC molecules are virtually indestructible until they reach thestratosphere. Here, intense ultraviolet radiation breaks the CFC molecules apart, releasing the chlorine atoms they contain. These chlorine atoms begin reacting withozone, br...
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Analyse
Introduction Through this company analysis, different aspects of DTE Energy Company will be cover in a financial viewpoint. I will firstly give a brief description of DTE Energy Company, after that analyze the industry in which it operates, describe its major market, analyze its financial statement with a spread sheet for the financial analysis, and finally I will determine if I will invest in this company or not. Company, Industr...
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Helium - chemistry.
the bends. This synthetic atmosphere is also used in medicine to relieve sufferers of respiratory difficulties because helium moves more easily than nitrogen throughconstricted respiratory passages. In surgery, beams of ionized helium from synchrocyclotron sources are proving useful in treating eye tumors, by stabilizing or evenshrinking the tumors. Such beams are also used to shrink blood-vessel malformations in the brains of patients. Helium is used in inert-gas arc welding for light metals, s...
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Inorganic Chemistry - chemistry.
two electrically charged plates (positively charged top plate and negatively charged bottom plate). By measuring the difference in how fast these electron-laden oildrops fell when the metal plates were charged and uncharged, Millikan was able to calculate the total charge on each oil drop. Because each measurement was a wholenumber multiple of -1.60 × 10 -19 coulombs, Millikan concluded this was the charge carried by a single electron. Using Thomson’s electron charge-to-mass ratio, Millikan then...
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Bahrain - country.
A Religion Almost all Bahrainis and the majority of nonnatives are followers of Islam (Muslims). About 70 percent of all native Bahrainis belong to the Shia branch of Islam, whilethe remainder, including the ruling al-Khalifa clan, are adherents of the Sunni branch. Non-Muslims, including Hindus, Buddhists, Christians, and Jews, account for 15percent of the total population. High unemployment among the Shia population has caused considerable discontent on the part of this group toward the Sunni...
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Turkmenistan - country.
A Ethnic Groups With Turkmens constituting 77 percent of the population, Turkmenistan is the most ethnically homogeneous of the Central Asian republics. Uzbeks make up the largestminority group, with about 9 percent of the population. Other ethnic groups include Russians, Kazakhs, Tatars, Ukrainians, Azeris (ethnic Azerbaijanis), Armenians, andBaluch. In 1993 a bilateral treaty between Turkmenistan and Russia granted dual citizenship to Russians in the republic. At the 1995 census Russians cons...
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Galaxien - Astronomie.
unserer Milchstraße anzieht. Kosmischer Staub hatte bislang seine Beobachtung verhindert. Im August 1997 entdeckten niederländische und amerikanische Astronomen eine bis dahin unbekannte schätzungsweise 13 Milliarden Jahre alte Galaxie. Sie ist damit älterund weiter von der Erde entfernt als alle bislang bekannten Sternensysteme. Erste Hinweise auf ihre Existenz erhielt das Forscherteam durch ein Bild, das vom Hubble-Weltraumteleskop zur Erde übertragen worden war. Mit Hilfe der beiden Keck-Tele...
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Sonne - Astronomie.
Schichten der Konvektionszone herrührt. Diese Wechselwirkungen werden außerdem durch die Sonnenrotation beeinflusst, die nicht in allen Breiten gleich schnell ist. DieSonne dreht sich an ihrem Äquator in 27 Tagen einmal um ihre Achse, aber an den Polen in 31 Tagen. Lange Zeit blieb unklar, wieso Sonnenflecken „kälter” sind als andere Bereiche der Sonnenoberfläche und warum ihre starken Magnetfelder über einen ungewöhnlich langenZeitraum Bestand haben. Mit Hilfe eines speziellen Spektrometers an...
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Carbon - chemistry.
Graphite is black and slippery and conducts electricity. In graphite, the atoms form planar, or flat, layers. Each layer is made up of rings containing six carbon atoms.The rings are linked to each other in a structure that resembles the hexagonal mesh of chicken wire. Each atom has three sigma bonds (with 120° between any two ofthe bonds) and belongs to three neighboring rings. The fourth electron of each atom becomes part of an extensive pi bond system. Graphite conducts electricity,because th...
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Astrobiology - astronomy.
water to help reactions along. American chemists Stanley Miller and Harold Urey tested part of Oparin and Haldane’s hypothesis in the early 1950s by simulating conditions of the early Earth. In whathas become known as the Miller-Urey experiment, the two scientists connected two flasks with a loop of glass tubing that allowed the gases to pass between the flasks.They filled the upper flask with methane, ammonia, and hydrogen—components thought to have been in the early atmosphere. They filled the...
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Contaminación atmosférica - ciencias de la naturaleza.
nitrógeno, y de un 30 a un 40% de las partículas en suspensión emitidos a la atmósfera en Estados Unidos proceden de las centrales eléctricas que queman combustiblesfósiles, las calderas industriales y las calefacciones. Un 80% del monóxido de carbono y un 40% de los óxidos de nitrógeno e hidrocarburos emitidos proceden de lacombustión de la gasolina y el gasóleo en los motores de los coches y camiones. Otras importantes fuentes de contaminación son la siderurgia y las acerías, las fundicionesde...
- Thérèse De Gas par Edgar Degas
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Astronomía de rayos X - ciencia y tecnologia.
parte minúscula de su energía total en forma de rayos X. Otros pueden ser tenues en el espectro visible y emitir una radiación intensa de rayos X. 3.1 Fuentes galácticas Una estrella normal como nuestro Sol genera rayos X en su capa externa, la llamada corona, que alcanza temperaturas elevadas. Las erupciones solares, o estelares,también emiten rayos X. La superficie de la mayoría de las estrellas ordinarias es demasiado fría para generar rayos X. Una binaria de rayos X es una pareja de estrell...
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Alberta - Geography.
C Climate Except for the mountain areas, summers throughout the province are quite warm. Winters are long and extremely cold. In July, average daily temperatures range fromabout 16°C (about 60°F) along the northern boundary to about 21°C (about 70°F) in the south. In the extreme southeastern section of the province, temperatures of43°C (110°F) have been recorded. In January, average daily temperatures range from about -14°C (about 6°F) at Grande Prairie to about -9°C (about 16°F) atCalgary. Tem...
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Alberta - Canadian History.
C Climate Except for the mountain areas, summers throughout the province are quite warm. Winters are long and extremely cold. In July, average daily temperatures range fromabout 16°C (about 60°F) along the northern boundary to about 21°C (about 70°F) in the south. In the extreme southeastern section of the province, temperatures of43°C (110°F) have been recorded. In January, average daily temperatures range from about -14°C (about 6°F) at Grande Prairie to about -9°C (about 16°F) atCalgary. Tem...
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Chemical Reaction - chemistry.
Many groups of elements occur so often as ions that they are given names: nitrate, NO 3-; sulfate, SO 42-; and phosphate, PO 43-. The suffix -ate usually indicates the presence of oxygen. The positive ion, NH 4+, is called ammonium, as in NH 4Cl, ammonium chloride, or (NH 4)3PO4, ammonium phosphate. Rules for naming more complicated compounds exist, but many compounds have been given trivial names—for example, Na 2B4O7·10 H 2O, borax—or proprietary names—F(CF 2)nF, Teflon. These nonsystemat...
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- Degas ( Edgar d e Gas.
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Sun - astronomy.
A The Sun’s Place in the Milky Way The Milky Way Galaxy contains about 400 billion stars. All of these stars, and the gas and dust between them, are rotating about a galactic center. Stars that arefarther away from the center move at slower speeds and take longer to go around it. The Sun is located in the outer part of the galaxy, at a distance of 2.6 × 10 17 km (1.6 × 10 17 mi) from the center. The Sun, which is moving around the center at a velocity of 220 km/s (140 mi/s), takes 250 million y...