48 résultats pour "medicine"
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Medicine.
C Other Health Professionals Medicine is not restricted to physicians. A wide variety of health care practitioners work in this exciting field. By far the largest professional group is nurses. Registerednurses help physicians during examinations, treatment, and surgery. They observe, evaluate, and record patients’ symptoms, administer medications, and provideother care ( see Nursing). Nurse practitioners perform basic duties once reserved for physicians, such as diagnosing and treating common i...
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Alternative Medicine.
The field of chiropractic was founded by David Daniel Palmer in the 1890s. He believed that joint subluxation, or a partial dislocation, is a causal factor in disease andthat removal of the subluxation by thrusting on the bony projections of the vertebrae restores health. In addition to manipulating and adjusting bone and tissue, particularly in the spinal column, chiropractors use a variety of manual, mechanical, and electrical treatments.Chiropractors are most widely recognized for providing d...
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Aerospace Medicine - astronomy.
medically as aeroembolism and popularly as the bends, leads to confusion, paralysis, or neurocirculatory collapse. The most characteristic symptoms of the bends arepain in the large joints resulting from pressure of the gas on tendons and nerves, together with spasm of the blood vessels. Preflight inhalation of pure oxygen toeliminate nitrogen from the system has proved valuable as a preventive measure. Rapid decompression, resulting from accidental failure at high altitudes of thepressure withi...
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Cancer (medicine).
unable to repair the DNA damage, p53 instructs the cell to undergo programmed cell death, or apoptosis , putting a stop to runaway cell division before it starts. Programmed cell death is a normal part of cell life and is tightly controlled by many genes, primarily p53. In a cancerous cell, one or more mutations prevent these genes from doing their jobs. When mutated, p53 allows a cell to continue to divide, even with damaged DNA.This can lead to additional mutations in proto-oncogenes or tumor...
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Cáncer (medicina) - ciencias de la naturaleza.
Tumores del aparato reproductor femeninoEl aparato reproductor femenino puede verse afectado por diversas formas tumorales, algunas de ellas de desarrollo maligno. Enparticular, el tumor del cuello uterino representa la primera causa de muerte por tumor en las mujeres, después del cáncer de mama.Los fibromas y tumores de los ovarios suelen tener un pronóstico más favorable. Lo que resulta de fundamental importancia en eltratamiento de estas patologías es la precocidad del diagnóstico y, por tant...
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Cáncer (medicina) - ciencias de la naturaleza.
Tumores del aparato reproductor femeninoEl aparato reproductor femenino puede verse afectado por diversas formas tumorales, algunas de ellas de desarrollo maligno. Enparticular, el tumor del cuello uterino representa la primera causa de muerte por tumor en las mujeres, después del cáncer de mama.Los fibromas y tumores de los ovarios suelen tener un pronóstico más favorable. Lo que resulta de fundamental importancia en eltratamiento de estas patologías es la precocidad del diagnóstico y, por tant...
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preparer bac anglais
a ) consider their therapies to he complete replacements for modern medicine. b ) reject the term ‘alternative’. c ) refuse to recognize alternative medicine. 2. Alternative therapies a ) are well regarded by the medical establishment. b ) are integrated into western medicine nowadays. c ) are becoming more popular with many doctors. 3. Western medicine a ) has existed for a comparatively short time. b ) is based on many traditional therapies. c ) is practic...
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Medical Ethics.
medical profession. In recent years, however, the field of medical ethics has struggled to keep pace with the many complex issues raised by new technologies for creating and sustaininglife. Artificial-respiration devices, kidney dialysis, and other machines can keep patients alive who previously would have succumbed to their illnesses or injuries.Advances in organ transplantation have brought new hope to those afflicted with diseased organs. New techniques have enabled prospective parents to con...
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Native American Religions.
In the worldview of most of the indigenous peoples of North America, there were also spiritual beings to be avoided. Native Americans of the Southwest in particular,such as the Navajo and Apache, dreaded contact with ghosts, who were believed to resent the living. These peoples disposed of the bodies of deceased relativesimmediately and attempted to distance themselves from the spirits of the dead, avoiding their burial sites, never mentioning their names, and even abandoning thedwellings in whi...
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History of Chemistry - chemistry.
even better distillation apparatus than the Arabs had made and to condense the more volatile products of distillation. Among the important products obtained in thisway were alcohol and the mineral acids: nitric, aqua regia (a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric), sulfuric, and hydrochloric. Many new reactions could be carried outusing these powerful reagents. Word of the Chinese discovery of nitrates and the manufacture of gunpowder also came to the West through the Arabs. The Chinese atfirst use...
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Genetic Engineering.
Pseudomonas fluorescens bacterium. The genetically altered Pseudomonas fluorescens bacterium produces light in proportion to the amount of its activity in breaking down the naphthalene, thus providing a way to monitor the efficiency of the process ( see Bioremediation). A3 Medicine In 1982 the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for the first time the medical use of a recombinant DNA protein, the hormone insulin, whichhad been cloned in large quantities by inserting th...
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Bear - biology.
programs sponsored by zoos or other breeding centers have attempted to breed giant pandas in captivity, although most of these programs have proved unsuccessful.Among the difficulties faced by captive breeders has been the problem of encouraging a female giant panda to mate with a selected male during the two to three daysof the year when she is most fertile, a period known as estrus. B Spectacled Bear Creamy-white rings surrounding the eyes give the spectacled bear its name. Its shaggy coat of...
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Colleges and Universities.
and (3) large universities that include undergraduate programs in addition to graduate and professional schools. D Graduate and Professional Schools Professional schools are typically divisions of large universities. They offer specialized education in a variety of professional fields, such as education, business, medicine,law, social work, agriculture, journalism, architecture, fine arts, nursing, engineering, and music. Some professional schools offer four- or five-year programs leading toa b...
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Cuba - country.
Only two land mammals, the hutia, or cane rat, and the solenodon, a rare insectivore that resembles a rat, are known to be indigenous. The island has numerous batsand nearly 300 kinds of birds, including vultures, wild turkeys, quail, finches, gulls, macaws, parakeets, and hummingbirds. The bee hummingbird of Cuba is thesmallest bird in the world. Among the few reptiles are tortoises, caimans, the Cuban crocodile, and a species of boa that can attain a length of 3.7 m (12 ft). More than700 speci...
- Panacea (Panaceia; All-healing) Greek A daughter of the god of medicine, Asclepius.
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Astronaut - astronomy.
Every operation during a flight is important and interesting, but many might be boring to an observer. Much of an astronaut’s job is entering computer instructions,preparing samples, making measurements, recording data, fixing what breaks, and adjusting the checklist when something unexpected happens. Sometimes astronautsretrieve or repair satellites, rendezvous or dock with other spacecraft, and do important emergency repairs. The adaptability of the human crew is crucial to the successof missi...
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Surgery.
III SURGICAL PROCEDURES Surgical procedures are classified as optional, required, elective, urgent, and emergent based on the patient’s medical condition. Optional surgery consists of operationsthat are not required but which the patient chooses to undergo as with some types of cosmetic surgery. Required surgery is performed when only surgery will correct aproblem—such as cataracts—but the surgery can be delayed for a period of weeks or months. Elective surgical procedures usually involve cond...
- James WatsonIINTRODUCTIONJames Watson, born in 1928, American molecular biologist and cowinner of the 1962 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine.
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Poly complet L2 2019-2020.pdf anglais
CONTROLE DES CONNAISSANCES SEMESTRE 3 1-Deux tests de Contrôle Continu obligatoire -un test de vocabulaire sur le lexique de la fin du polycopié – au TD 7 (25%) -un test de compréhension orale (au TD 13 ) + note travail TD non présentiel . (25%) 2-Un examen terminal sur les articles étudiés en co urs, vocabulaire, compréhension , expression, grammaire (50%) SEMESTRE 4 Le contrôle des connaissances est composé de : 1-Deux tests de Contrôle Continu obligatoi...
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Physiology.
III RECENT ADVANCES Among the most important advances of the 20th century are the discovery of new hormones; recognition of the role of vitamins; discovery of blood types; developmentof the electrocardiograph and electroencephalograph, to record the activity of the heart and brain; discovery of the cause and cure of pernicious anemia by GeorgeRichards Minot, William Parry Murphy, and George Hoyt Whipple, all American physicians; and greater understanding of metabolism, the role of enzymes, and...
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Ácido desoxirribonucleico (ADN) - ciencias de la naturaleza.
4 REPLICACIÓN En casi todos los organismos celulares, la replicación de las moléculas de ADN tiene lugar en el núcleo, justo antes de la división celular. Empieza con la separación de lasdos cadenas de polinucleótidos, cada una de las cuales actúa a continuación como plantilla para el montaje de una nueva cadena complementaria. A medida que la cadenaoriginal se abre, cada uno de los nucleótidos de las dos cadenas resultantes atrae a otro nucleótido complementario previamente formado por la célu...
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Haiti - country.
Haitian Creole and French are the official languages of Haiti. Haitian Creole, a French-based Creole with influences from West African languages, was made an officiallanguage under the 1987 constitution. It is the mother tongue for nearly the entire population of Haiti and the language of instruction in schools. French is spokenmainly as a second language by a small section of the population. B Religion About 80 percent of Haiti’s people are nominal Roman Catholics, many of them combining an Af...
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Globalization.
higher living standard for their people. The World Bank made loans to developing countries for dams and other electrical-generating plants, harbor facilities, and otherlarge projects. These projects were intended to lower costs for private businesses and to attract investors. Beginning in 1968 the World Bank focused on low-cost loansfor health, education, and other basic needs of the world’s poor. B International Monetary Fund The IMF makes loans so that countries can maintain the value of thei...
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Química - ciencia y tecnologia.
de destilación. También se vio rápidamente la necesidad de aplicar más métodos cuantitativos, pues algunas fórmulas árabes daban instrucciones específicas sobre lascantidades de reactivos a utilizar. 4.2 El final de la edad media En el siglo XI comenzó en Europa occidental un gran resurgimiento intelectual, estimulado en parte por los intercambios culturales entre los estudiantes árabes y cristianosen Sicilia y España. Se crearon escuelas de traductores, y sus traducciones transmitieron las ide...
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4. La classification dite National Library
of Medicine (NLM)
La Bibliothèque nationale de médecine implantée à Bethesda, dans l'État...
, 4. La classification dite National Library of Medicine (NLM) La Bibliothèque nationale de médecine implantée à Bethesda, dans l'État du Maryland (États-Unis) est, comme son nom l'indique, spécialisée dans les sciences biomédicales. La NLM n'est pas seulement la plus grande bibliothèque médicale au monde; véritable laboratoire, elle participe à des programmes de recherche et de développement, produit la précieuse base de données bibliographiques Medline et, plus en amont, est à l'origine de la...
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Summa medicina est non uti medicamentis
Summa medicina est non uti medicamentis La meilleure des médecines c'est de ne prendre aucun médicament Cette expression encore célèbre et citée de nos jours pour critiquer les médicamentations excessives. est attribuée à Celse. qui affi11t1e en effet , in hac utile minime est ... medicamentis uti. Quelques dictions populaires affi1111~nt encore la même chose: cf. en italien, Se vuoi viver lieto e sano, dai dottori stai lontano; dans un célèbre passage des Fiancés de Manzoni (chap. 33),...
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L’émancipation et le développement de l’Afrique en question
dans l’œuvre littéraire de la diaspora africaine: le cas
de El metro de Donato Ndongo-Bidyogo
Wilfried Mvondo
Université de Yaoundé I
mvondowil@yahoo.
95 dudit continent et présente la double articulation de l’éducation, de l’économie, des échanges langagiers et de la médecine comme vecteur d’affranchissement et de développement. La littérature s’avère être, pour lui, une tribune à laquelle il prend indirectement la parole pour dénoncer et, surtout, proposer des solutions aux problèmes de l’Africain. Mots-clé Afrique, émancipation, développement, littérature, diaspora, doubles. Abstract The emancipation and development of Africa as depict...
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Cobra (snake) - biology.
Most cobras prey on small rodents or other small mammals. They also eat birds, snakes, lizards, frogs, toads, insects, and even eggs. Water cobras catch fish and kingcobras specialize in eating other snakes. Similar to other venomous snakes, cobras use venom to subdue their prey before swallowing it whole, generally head first. Thevenom may contain substances that also break down the prey for digestion. Despite their potent venom and dramatic threat displays, cobras are hunted and eaten by a num...
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Middle East - geography.
years.Spectrum Colour Library Apart from the Nile River, which provides much of the water supply and irrigation systems of Egypt, and the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, which supply Iraq, Syria, andTurkey, there are no major rivers or navigable waterways. The Sea of Galilee (Lake Tiberias) in northern Israel, fed from the north by the shallow, unnavigable JordanRiver, provides Israel’s main source of fresh water. With such a limited water supply, access to water for drinking, irrigation, and hydro...
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Laser.
their atoms into laser light. Consequently, they are the most powerful continuous wave (CW) lasers—that is, lasers that emit light continuously rather than in pulses. C Liquid Lasers The most common liquid laser media are inorganic dyes contained in glass vessels. They are pumped by intense flash lamps in a pulse mode or by a separate gas laserin the continuous wave mode. Some dye lasers are tunable, meaning that the color of the laser light they emit can be adjusted with the help of a prism lo...
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Assisted Suicide.
regardless of the fairness of the procedures used (substantive due process). In the Glucksberg case, the Court indicated that the liberty interest protected by the 14th Amendment does not encompass the right to determine the timing and manner of one’s own death. The Court’s decision means that each state may determine whetheror not to prohibit or permit (and otherwise regulate) assisted suicide. In 2006 the Court upheld Oregon’s law permitting physician-assisted suicide. In a 6-to-3 decision,...
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Philadelphia (city, Pennsylvania) - geography.
national trend of migration from eastern cities to the warmer climate of the Sun Belt. Whereas in 1950 Philadelphia contained more than 2 million people and ranked as the third largest city in America, the city's population plunged to 1,517,550 by 2000.In 2006, the city's population was estimated at 1,448,394. While the city proper was decreasing in population, the metropolitan area centered on Philadelphia grew. In 2006 the region had 6.2 million inhabitants. Philadelphiaranked as the nation’s...
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Human Disease.
disease can be transmitted through food infected with mutated proteins. B Spread of Infectious Disease Some pathogens are spread from one person to another by direct contact. They leave the first person through body openings, mucous membranes, and skin wounds,and they enter the second person through similar channels. For example, the viruses that cause respiratory diseases such as influenza and the common cold are spreadin moisture droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. A hand that...
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Novit salutem medicina, morbos autem non novit
Novit salutem medicina, morbos aute,n non nova La médecine connait la guérison et non la maladie Cette expression de saint Augustin (Enarrationes in Psalmos. 1, 6) est construite sur la comparaison suivante :
- Hipócrates - (espagnol - collège).
- Ferid Murad - Biography.
- Stanley B.
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From Bulfinch's Mythology: Apollo and Daphne - anthology.
know no decay.' The nymph, now changed into a Laurel tree, bowed its head in grateful acknowledgment. That Apollo should be the god both of music and poetry will not appear strange, but that medicine should also be assigned to his province, may. The [18th-centuryScottish] poet [John] Armstrong, himself a physician, thus accounts for it: 'Music exalts each joy, allays each grief, Expels diseases, softens every pain;And hence the wise of ancient days adoredOne power of physic, melody, and son...
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid - biology.
bacterium Escherichia coli . In 1998 scientists achieved the milestone of sequencing the complete genome of a multicellular organism—a roundworm identified as Caenorhabditis elegans . The Human Genome Project, an international research collaboration, was established to determine the sequence of all of the 3 billion nucleotide base pairs that make up thehuman genetic material. In 2003 scientists completed the sequencing of the human genome. The project identified nearly all of the estimated 20...
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Forensic Science.
barbiturates, cocaine, amphetamines, and heroin. When a body is discovered in a lake, stream, river, or ocean and the lungs are found to be filled with water, the medical examiner must determine if the drowningoccurred where the body was found or elsewhere. A standard microscope that can magnify objects to 1500 times their actual size is used to look for the presence orabsence of diatoms, single-celled algae that are found in all natural bodies of water. The absence of diatoms raises the possi...
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Endocrine System.
thermostat. When the heat in a house falls, the thermostat responds by switching the furnace on, and when the temperature is too warm, the thermostat switches thefurnace off. Usually, the change that a hormone produces also serves to regulate that hormone's secretion. For example, parathyroid hormone causes the body toincrease the level of calcium in the blood. As calcium levels rise, the secretion of parathyroid hormone then decreases. This feedback mechanism allows for tight controlover hormon...
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Tobacco - biology.
quality cigars are made entirely by hand, most cigars are manufactured by machine. Chewing tobaccos are generally made from thick grades of leaves to which binders and flavorings are added. Chewing tobacco is formed by pressing the tobacco intoblocks known as plugs. Snuff is made by grinding tobacco into fine powder, which is then allowed to ferment for a long period of time. Frequently, snuff is scented withspices, such as jasmine or cloves. V TOBACCO INDUSTRY Over 6 million tons of commercial...
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Population.
year AD 1, and it took more than 1,500 years to reach the 500 million mark. Growth was not steady but was marked by oscillations dictated by climate, food supply, disease, and war. Starting in the 17th century, great advances in scientific knowledge, agriculture, industry, medicine, and social organization made possible rapid acceleration inpopulation growth. Machines gradually replaced human and animal labor. People slowly acquired the knowledge and means to control disease. By 1900 the worldp...
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Native American Literature.
Many Native American writers of the 19th century wrote histories of their tribes. One tribal historian was David Cusick (Tuscarora), whose Sketches of Ancient History of the Six Nations (1827) was the first published tribal history. Tribal histories explained the deep ties that tribes had to their ancestral homelands. Beginning in the 18th century, these ties took on special meaning because the United States government began removing Native Americans from their traditional lands. These removal...
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Library (institution).
rooms, special galleries for exhibitions, auditoriums for lectures or concerts, computer rooms, children’s rooms, photocopy rooms, and classrooms. A3 Lending Materials As part of their mission to provide information resources to the community, public libraries allow users to borrow items from their collections for limited amounts of time.To be eligible to borrow public library materials, a user must register her or his name, address, and other basic information with the local library’s circulat...
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London (England) - geography.
In the northern part of the West End is Bloomsbury, the city’s traditional intellectual center, with its concentration of bookshops and homes of writers and academics. Inthe early 20th century a number of famous writers, critics, and artists who lived here became known as the Bloomsbury Group. Here, too, is the British Museum, one ofLondon’s chief tourist attractions. Nearby is the giant complex of the University of London, whose various colleges and departments have taken over much ofBloomsbury...
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Native Americans of North America.
addition to smallpox and measles, explorers and colonists brought a host of other diseases: bubonic plague, cholera, typhoid fever, scarlet fever, pleurisy, mumps,diphtheria, pneumonia, whooping cough, malaria, yellow fever, and various sexually transmitted infections. Despite the undisputed devastation wreaked on Indian populations after European contact, native populations showed enormous regional variability in their response todisease exposure. Some peoples survived and, in some cases, even...
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Native Americans of North America - Canadian History.
addition to smallpox and measles, explorers and colonists brought a host of other diseases: bubonic plague, cholera, typhoid fever, scarlet fever, pleurisy, mumps,diphtheria, pneumonia, whooping cough, malaria, yellow fever, and various sexually transmitted infections. Despite the undisputed devastation wreaked on Indian populations after European contact, native populations showed enormous regional variability in their response todisease exposure. Some peoples survived and, in some cases, even...