407 résultats pour "members"
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The European Parliament's Power over Individual Members of the European Commission
Abstract The aim of this paper is to examine EP’s powers over individual members of the European Commission. This paper will take the approach of the European Parliament thereby protecting the democratic values of the European Union. Core values of the European Union will be identified, contrasting with past events going against these fundamental aspects as the “Santer Commission” and other contra legem manifestations. The results obtained will be assessed and discussion on the des...
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Congress of the United States.
senator, a person must be at least 30 years old, a citizen for nine years, and a resident of the state from which he or she is elected. Most members of Congress haveserved in state legislatures, city councils, or other elected bodies. See United States Senate: Campaigning for the Senate ; United States House of Representatives: Campaigning for the House. The 435 House seats are divided among the states in proportion to each state’s population. Every state is guaranteed at least one seat. State...
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United Nations.
and programs to carry out its recommendations. It elects members to serve on certain agencies and programs, and it coordinates those programs through variouscommittees. B Security Council The Security Council is the most powerful body in the UN. It is responsible for maintaining international peace, and for restoring peace when conflicts arise. Its decisionsare binding on all UN members and have the force of international law. The Security Council has the power to define what is a threat to sec...
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United States House of Representatives.
Because of the high cost of elections and the short two-year term of office, members of the House campaign almost constantly. They spend much of their time raisingcampaign funds, and they frequently return to their districts to keep in touch with voters. Because the elections are so frequent, House members tend to pay closeattention to how their votes in Congress will be seen in the short term. House members tend to come from wealthier family backgrounds than average Americans. Few working class...
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United States Senate.
providing for military forces, and declaring war. Article I, Section 8, also gives Congress implied powers—to “make all laws which shall be necessary and proper” forcarrying out the enumerated powers, and to investigate and oversee the executive branch. The Senate also has the power to conduct impeachment trials against thepresident, federal judges, and other officials. The Senate can only impeach someone after the House brings charges, however. A two-thirds majority vote of thesenators in the c...
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Lesotho - country.
V GOVERNMENT Under the terms of the constitution of 1965, which was suspended in 1970, Lesotho was a constitutional monarchy with a bicameral legislature. After a coup in 1986,legislative and executive powers were vested in the king but actually exercised by a 6-member military council and a 20-member council of ministers. In 1993 Lesothoadopted a new constitution that redefined the role of the monarchy and altered the legislative branch of the government. The king, who is head of state, has no...
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Health Insurance.
needs services. Essentially, individuals make regular payments to the plan rather than having to pay especially large sums at any one time in the event of sudden illnessor injury. In this way, the group as a whole funds expensive treatments for those few who need them. Many people believe that in addition to providing financial stability, health insurance can promote good health. Supporters of this idea claim that by lowering thepersonal cost of services, insurance induces individuals to seek he...
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Cat Family - biology.
cats have coats that are mainly brown, yellow, or gray, often with white underbellies. The cubs of many species of cats have spotted coats, which helps hide them ingrass and underbrush from predators. Adult cats that have mainly spotted patterns in their fur include cheetahs, leopards, clouded leopards, jaguars, ocelots, margays, Geoffroy’s cat, and servals. Singlecolor coats are found in lions, pumas, and jaguarundis. Some individuals among leopards and jaguars, and more rarely in other species...
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Paul Martin.
VI CONFLICT WITH THE PRIME MINISTER Martin’s success could not have been achieved without the support he received from Jean Chrétien. Yet relations between the two men continued to deteriorate. In partthis was because of their continuing disagreement about how best to deal with the separatist challenge in Québec. In the 1993 election, a majority of Québec seats hadgone to the Bloc Québécois, and in 1994 the provincial separatist party, the Parti Québécois, won election on a platform promising...
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Paul Martin - Canadian History.
VI CONFLICT WITH THE PRIME MINISTER Martin’s success could not have been achieved without the support he received from Jean Chrétien. Yet relations between the two men continued to deteriorate. In partthis was because of their continuing disagreement about how best to deal with the separatist challenge in Québec. In the 1993 election, a majority of Québec seats hadgone to the Bloc Québécois, and in 1994 the provincial separatist party, the Parti Québécois, won election on a platform promising...
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Oliver Cromwell
I
INTRODUCTION
Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658), leader in the English Revolution (1640-1660) and the first commoner to rule England.
as well as to the abolition of the House of Lords. He was an active member of the High Court of Justice set up for the king’s trial and boldly signed the king’s deathwarrant. For Cromwell, Charles’s execution was a divine judgment against a tyrant. Following the king’s execution, the Commonwealth of England was formed, ruled bya Council of State that included members of the Rump Parliament. For the next two years Cromwell remained a soldier in service to the state. The new Commonwealth had power...
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Oliver Cromwell.
as well as to the abolition of the House of Lords. He was an active member of the High Court of Justice set up for the king’s trial and boldly signed the king’s deathwarrant. For Cromwell, Charles’s execution was a divine judgment against a tyrant. Following the king’s execution, the Commonwealth of England was formed, ruled bya Council of State that included members of the Rump Parliament. For the next two years Cromwell remained a soldier in service to the state. The new Commonwealth had power...
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European Union .
safeguard the interests of the member states, a common assembly with advisory authority only, and a court of justice to settle disputes. D European Economic Community (EEC) In 1957 the participants in the ECSC signed two more treaties, known as the Treaties of Rome. These treaties created the European Atomic Energy Community(Euratom) for the development of peaceful uses of atomic energy and, most important, the European Economic Community (EEC, often referred to as the CommonMarket). The EEC tr...
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Labor Union.
B The Legal Environment The legal environment, which permits certain types of union activities and prohibits others, also influences the extent of union organization. States with right-to-worklaws have much lower unionization rates than other states. In the United States, the states with the lowest unionization rates are North Carolina, South Carolina, SouthDakota, and Arkansas—states that have right-to-work laws. In 2000 the unionization rate in these states ranged from 4.44 percent to 6.7 per...
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Millennium.
Postmillennialism, also referred to as progressive millennialism, interprets the Bible less literally than premillennialism does. Postmillennialists regard the millennium as a1,000-year reign of Christian ideals that will end with the return of Christ. In this view, the millennium will not start suddenly through an apocalypse, but graduallythrough the efforts of human beings. Postmillennialists believe that through social reform and by upholding Christian ideals, the kingdom of God will be built...
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Canadian Parliament.
government’s legislative program. Members of Commons can also present a motion in response to the Budget Speech, which reviews the government’s economicrecord, taxation, and expenditure plans, and to Supply Motions, which concern budgets for individual departments. If a majority of MPs support a no-confidence motion,the government must resign. Also, if Parliament rejects a significant government proposal, the government is expected to resign and request the governor-general to call an election....
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Labor Unions in the United States - U.
National Guard troops were used against the strikers, with the result that the strike was lost and the union that conducted it virtually destroyed. In 1894 a strike by theAmerican Railway Union against the Pullman Palace Car Company was defeated by an injunction issued under the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890, which made acombination or contract in restraint of trade illegal. Thereafter employers used injunctions with increasing frequency and effectiveness as an antistrike weapon. See also Hours...
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Evolution - biology.
genetic diversity to extinction. Sexual reproduction ensures that the genes in a population are rearranged in each generation, a process termed recombination. Although the combinations of genes inindividuals change with each new generation, the gene frequency, or ratio of different alleles in the entire population, remains relatively constant if no evolutionaryforces act on the population. One such force is the introduction of new genes into the genetic material of the population, or gene pool...
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Library (institution).
rooms, special galleries for exhibitions, auditoriums for lectures or concerts, computer rooms, children’s rooms, photocopy rooms, and classrooms. A3 Lending Materials As part of their mission to provide information resources to the community, public libraries allow users to borrow items from their collections for limited amounts of time.To be eligible to borrow public library materials, a user must register her or his name, address, and other basic information with the local library’s circulat...
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Community and communitarianism
makes fundamental ethical criticism's of one's own community impossible. The success of communitarianism as a political theory depends upon whether it can be demonstrated that liberal political institutions cannot provide adequate conditions for the flourishing of community or secure appropriate support for persons' identities so far as their identities are determined by their membership in communities. 1 Community If I am a member of a community, I conceive of the goals and values I shar...
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Fiji Islands - country.
the early 1990s. Fishing is done mainly at a subsistence level, but commercial fishing is increasing. The country also receives income from the sale of licenses to foreignvessels to fish in Fiji’s exclusive economic zone. Industry, including mining, manufacturing, and construction, employs 34 percent of Fiji’s wage earners and, in 2006, contributed 26 percent of GDP. The governmentinstituted tax-free incentives in 1988 that created a flourishing garment industry. Ready-made garments are now the...
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Persian Gulf War.
to “use all necessary means” to force Iraq from Kuwait if Iraq remained in the country after January 15, 1991. The Iraqis rejected the ultimatum. Soon after the vote,the United States agreed to a direct meeting between Secretary of State James Baker and Iraq’s foreign minister. The two sides met on January 9. Neither offered tocompromise. The United States underscored the ultimatum, and the Iraqis refused to comply with it, even threatening to attack Israel. For the United States, themeeting was...
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Persian Gulf War - History.
to “use all necessary means” to force Iraq from Kuwait if Iraq remained in the country after January 15, 1991. The Iraqis rejected the ultimatum. Soon after the vote,the United States agreed to a direct meeting between Secretary of State James Baker and Iraq’s foreign minister. The two sides met on January 9. Neither offered tocompromise. The United States underscored the ultimatum, and the Iraqis refused to comply with it, even threatening to attack Israel. For the United States, themeeting was...
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Persian Gulf War - U.
to “use all necessary means” to force Iraq from Kuwait if Iraq remained in the country after January 15, 1991. The Iraqis rejected the ultimatum. Soon after the vote,the United States agreed to a direct meeting between Secretary of State James Baker and Iraq’s foreign minister. The two sides met on January 9. Neither offered tocompromise. The United States underscored the ultimatum, and the Iraqis refused to comply with it, even threatening to attack Israel. For the United States, themeeting was...
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Brian Mulroney.
At the party convention Mulroney was one of the candidates who ran against Clark. This time Mulroney did not have to contend with a rival candidate from Québec. Healso had the support of the remnants of the Diefenbaker faction—who disliked Clark even more than they disliked Mulroney. Mulroney was also endorsed by asubstantial group of members of Parliament; this endorsement helped allay concerns about whether he could provide effective leadership in Parliament. Mulroney waselected leader of the...
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Brian Mulroney - Canadian History.
At the party convention Mulroney was one of the candidates who ran against Clark. This time Mulroney did not have to contend with a rival candidate from Québec. Healso had the support of the remnants of the Diefenbaker faction—who disliked Clark even more than they disliked Mulroney. Mulroney was also endorsed by asubstantial group of members of Parliament; this endorsement helped allay concerns about whether he could provide effective leadership in Parliament. Mulroney waselected leader of the...
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Kiribati - country.
mainly from Japan, the European Union (EU), and Australia. Kiribati’s only major exports are copra (dried coconut meat), cultivated seaweed, and fish. The United States, Australia, and New Zealand are the leading purchasers ofthe country’s exports. Despite the cultivation of crops for local consumption, Kiribati is heavily dependent upon imported foods. Other imports include machinery andequipment, manufactured goods, and imported fossil fuels, which supply most of the country’s energy. Australi...
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Suriname (country) - country.
Tongo, a Creole language. Also known as Taki-Taki, Sranang Tongo includes elements of several languages and is the vehicle for most interethnic communication. Otherlanguages spoken in Suriname include Hindi, Javanese, Chinese, English, and French. Small numbers of Native Americans still speak indigenous languages. The main religions in Suriname are Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism. The majority of Christians are Roman Catholics, and members of the Moravian Church predominateamong Protestants. E...
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Wars of Yugoslav Succession.
of Yugoslav succession was over. In January 1992 members of the European Community (EC; after 1993 the European Union, EU) recognized Slovenia’s independencealong with that of Croatia. The United States and other countries did so shortly thereafter. IV THE WAR IN CROATIA As the Yugoslav army withdrew from Slovenia in July 1991, a second and far more serious conflict erupted in Croatia. But the road to war in Croatia began more than ayear earlier. In April and May 1990 the Croatian Democratic U...
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Wars of Yugoslav Succession .
of Yugoslav succession was over. In January 1992 members of the European Community (EC; after 1993 the European Union, EU) recognized Slovenia’s independencealong with that of Croatia. The United States and other countries did so shortly thereafter. IV THE WAR IN CROATIA As the Yugoslav army withdrew from Slovenia in July 1991, a second and far more serious conflict erupted in Croatia. But the road to war in Croatia began more than ayear earlier. In April and May 1990 the Croatian Democratic U...
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Dog Family - biology.
muzzles, long and bushy tails, and large ears. Many foxes hunt by stalking prey and then leaping on it with a distinctive, stiff-legged pounce. Once thought to besolitary animals, foxes are now known to live in groups of up to six individuals. The remaining canids are each highly distinctive. Raccoon dogs and bush dogs are the least doglike canids in appearance. Raccoon dogs, found in eastern Asia, havestubby legs, a stout body, short ears, shaggy fur, and a black face mask that resembles a racc...
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French Canadian Nationalism - Canadian History.
The revolution ended in independence for the Americans, who named their new country the United States of America. In the aftermath, thousands of people who hadopposed the American Revolution migrated from what was now the United States to British North America. These people, known as the United Empire Loyalists, settledin the Maritimes, where they greatly increased the British majority over the Acadians, and in Québec. Some settled near francophone communities around Montréal andin the Eastern T...
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Han Dynasty - History.
However, these reforms faced serious opposition. The feudal barons formed an alliance and rebelled against Wang Mang. They were joined by members of the Liufamily, who were descended from Jingdi (Ching-ti), a former Han emperor, and a civil war followed. As the empire fell into disorder, militant secret societies formedarmed bands and attacked villages and towns. Wang Mang had believed that proper institutions would eventually bring peace to China, but in AD 23, an army led by the Liu clan brea...
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Dolphin (aquatic mammal) - biology.
Scientists have observed dolphins displaying three types of caregiving behaviors: standing by, excitement, and supporting. In standing-by behavior, dolphins remain inthe vicinity of an injured or ill companion without offering aid. In excitement behavior, dolphins swim swiftly in circles around an injured dolphin, responding aggressivelytoward threats to the injured animal. For instance, they may bite harpoon lines or charge boats that come too close to the animal. In supporting behavior, one or...
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Canadian Forces.
As the Land Force Command component of the CF, the Canadian army is responsible for land combat and for physically protecting people and land-based resources. Itis the component of the CF most often called on to support international military operations and peacekeeping missions and to maintain order in times of civil unrest. A Organization The 20,900 personnel who comprise the army’s regular force are organized into four geographically based areas. Land Force Atlantic includes the provinces of...
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Culture.
form of knowledge, such as scientific discoveries; objects, such as works of art; and traditions, such as the observance of holidays. C1 Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism Self-identity usually depends on culture to such a great extent that immersion in a very different culture—with which a person does not share common ways of life orbeliefs—can cause a feeling of confusion and disorientation. Anthropologists refer to this phenomenon as culture shock. In multicultural societies —societies s...
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National Socialism .
VII THE PARTY IN THE REICHSTAG The movement grew rapidly, recruiting thousands of discharged civil servants, ruined shopkeepers and small-business owners, impoverished farmers, workersdisillusioned with the Socialist and Communist parties, and a host of frustrated and embittered young people of all classes, brought up in the postwar years and withouthope of personal economic security. In the Reichstag elections of 1930 the National Socialists polled almost 6.5 million votes (more than 18 perce...
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Suicide.
C Sociological Theories Most social scientists believe that a society’s structure and values can influence suicide rates. French sociologist Émile Durkheim argued that suicide rates are related tosocial integration —that is, the degree to which an individual feels part of a larger group. Durkheim found suicide was more likely when a person lacked social bonds or had relationships disrupted through a sudden change in status, such as unemployment. As one example of the significance of social bond...
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Hawaii - Facts and Figures.
Blacks 1.8 percent (2000) Native Americans 0.3 percent (2000) Mixed heritage or not reporting 22.7 percent (2000) Hispanics (of any race) 7.2 percent (2000) HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy 78.2 years (1989-1991) Infant mortality rate 7 deaths per 1,000 live births (2004) Residents per physician 321 people (2005) Residents per hospital bed 424 people (2005) Share of population not covered by health insurance 8.8 percent (2006) Number of students per teacher (K-12) 16.5 (2003) G...
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Colorado - Facts and Figures.
Native Americans 1 percent (2000) Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders 0.1 percent (2000) Mixed heritage or not reporting 10 percent (2000) Hispanics (of any race) 17.1 percent (2000) HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy 77 years (1989-1991) Infant mortality rate 6 deaths per 1,000 live births (2004) Residents per physician 385 people (2005) Residents per hospital bed 486 people (2005) Share of population not covered by health insurance 17.2 percent (2006) Number of students...
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West Virginia - Facts and Figures.
Native Americans 0.2 percent (2000) Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders less than 0.1 percent (2000) Mixed heritage or not reporting 1 percent (2000) Hispanics (of any race) 0.7 percent (2000) HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy 74.3 years (1989-1991) Infant mortality rate 8 deaths per 1,000 live births (2004) Residents per physician 433 people (2005) Residents per hospital bed 252 people (2005) Share of population not covered by health insurance 13.5 percent (2006) Number...
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Montana - Facts and Figures.
Blacks 0.3 percent (2000) Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders 0.1 percent (2000) Mixed heritage or not reporting 2.3 percent (2000) Hispanics (of any race) 2 percent (2000) HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy 76.2 years (1989-1991) Infant mortality rate 6 deaths per 1,000 live births (2004) Residents per physician 449 people (2005) Residents per hospital bed 217 people (2005) Share of population not covered by health insurance 17.1 percent (2006) Number of students per tea...
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Washington - Facts and Figures.
Native Americans 1.6 percent (2000) Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders 0.4 percent (2000) Mixed heritage or not reporting 7.5 percent (2000) Hispanics (of any race) 7.5 percent (2000) HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy 76.8 years (1989-1991) Infant mortality rate 6 deaths per 1,000 live births (2004) Residents per physician 377 people (2005) Residents per hospital bed 572 people (2005) Share of population not covered by health insurance 11.8 percent (2006) Number of stud...
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Oklahoma - Facts and Figures.
Asians 1.4 percent (2000) Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders 0.1 percent (2000) Mixed heritage or not reporting 6.9 percent (2000) Hispanics (of any race) 5.2 percent (2000) HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy 75.1 years (1989-1991) Infant mortality rate 8 deaths per 1,000 live births (2004) Residents per physician 587 people (2005) Residents per hospital bed 328 people (2005) Share of population not covered by health insurance 18.9 percent (2006) Number of students per t...
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Alaska - Facts and Figures.
Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders 0.5 percent (2000) Mixed heritage or not reporting 7 percent (2000) Hispanics (of any race) 4.1 percent (2000) HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Not available Infant mortality rate 6 deaths per 1,000 live births (2004) Residents per physician 438 people (2005) Residents per hospital bed 474 people (2005) Share of population not covered by health insurance 16.5 percent (2006) Number of students per teacher (K-12) 17.2 (2003) Government s...
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Arizona - Facts and Figures.
Asians 1.8 percent (2000) Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders 0.1 percent (2000) Mixed heritage or not reporting 14.5 percent (2000) Hispanics (of any race) 25.3 percent (2000) HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy 76.1 years (1989-1991) Infant mortality rate 7 deaths per 1,000 live births (2004) Residents per physician 476 people (2005) Residents per hospital bed 504 people (2005) Share of population not covered by health insurance 20.9 percent (2006) Number of students per...
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New Mexico - Facts and Figures.
Asians 1.1 percent (2000) Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders 0.1 percent (2000) Mixed heritage or not reporting 20.7 percent (2000) Hispanics (of any race) 42.1 percent (2000) HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy 75.7 years (1989-1991) Infant mortality rate 6 deaths per 1,000 live births (2004) Residents per physician 417 people (2005) Residents per hospital bed 550 people (2005) Share of population not covered by health insurance 22.9 percent (2006) Number of students per...
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Mississippi - Facts and Figures.
Native Americans 0.4 percent (2000) Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders less than 0.1 percent (2000) Mixed heritage or not reporting 1.2 percent (2000) Hispanics (of any race) 1.4 percent (2000) HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy 73 years (1989-1991) Infant mortality rate 10 deaths per 1,000 live births (2004) Residents per physician 563 people (2005) Residents per hospital bed 227 people (2005) Share of population not covered by health insurance 20.8 percent (2006) Numbe...
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Virginia - Facts and Figures.
Native Americans 0.3 percent (2000) Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders 0.1 percent (2000) Mixed heritage or not reporting 4 percent (2000) Hispanics (of any race) 4.7 percent (2000) HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy 75.2 years (1989-1991) Infant mortality rate 7 deaths per 1,000 live births (2004) Residents per physician 370 people (2005) Residents per hospital bed 432 people (2005) Share of population not covered by health insurance 13.3 percent (2006) Number of studen...
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California - Facts and Figures.
Native Americans 1 percent (2000) Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders 0.3 percent (2000) Mixed heritage or not reporting 21.5 percent (2000) Hispanics (of any race) 32.4 percent (2000) HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy 75.9 years (1989-1991) Infant mortality rate 5 deaths per 1,000 live births (2004) Residents per physician 383 people (2005) Residents per hospital bed 515 people (2005) Share of population not covered by health insurance 18.8 percent (2006) Number of stud...