289 résultats pour "urbana"
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Belarus - country.
In the last complete census conducted in the Soviet Union in 1989, the population of Belarus was 10,151,806; a 2008 estimate was 9,685,768, giving the country apopulation density of 47 persons per sq km (121 per sq mi). The most notable demographic trend since the 1950s has been the steady migration of the population fromthe villages to urban centers, and the correspondent aging of the population remaining in the rural areas. In 1959 urban residents accounted for 31 percent of thepopulation; in...
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Middle East - Geography.
though overall they have improved considerably since the 1970s. This variation reflects the different levels of wealth and development in countries of the Middle East. Inthe highly developed country of Israel the infant mortality rate was 8 deaths per 1000 live births in 1997. By comparison, the rate per 1000 live births was 71 in less-developed Egypt and 75 in Yemen. A Ethnic Groups and Languages Arabs make up the majority of the people of the Middle East, accounting for almost the entire popu...
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Cours de droit administratif des biens
Le droit de préemption s'exerce encore dans les zones d'am énagement diff érées (AD), dans les espaces naturels sensibles, dans les p érim ètres d'action des SAFER ainsi que sur tout ou partie du territoire couvert par un plan d'am ènagement de zone (PAZ) ou par un plande sauvegarde et de mise en valeur approuv é ou publi é (PSMV). L'exercice du droit de pr éemption suppose la mise en vente du bien par son propri étaire et donc une volont é de l'ali éner. Le droit de renoncer à la vent...
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Buenos Aires (city) - geography.
The city has produced or nurtured many of the most prominent Spanish-language writers of the 20th century, including Jorge Luis Borges, Julio Cortázar, and ManuelPuig. Buenos Aires has long been one of the primary centers of Spanish-language publishing and printing, and it is home to major publishing companies. It supports theoldest English-language daily newspaper in Latin America, the Buenos Aires Herald, published since 1876. The arts have a long, rich history in Buenos Aires. This is mani...
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Dominican Republic - country.
Manatees and sea turtles also live in Dominican waters. Common birds include blue herons, glossy ibis, flamingos, and brown pelicans. E Environmental Issues Urban dwellers of the Dominican Republic enjoy good access to safe water, but rural communities do not. While current water use is low relative to available resources,water shortages do occur. Although deforestation was once a serious problem in the Dominican Republic, by the beginning of the 21st century, the annual rate of deforestation h...
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Contaminación del agua - ciencias de la naturaleza.
cultivo contribuyen en gran medida a este proceso. El proceso de eutrofización puede ocasionar problemas estéticos, como mal sabor y olor del agua, y un cúmulo de algaso verdín que puede resultar estéticamente poco agradable, así como un crecimiento denso de las plantas con raíces, el agotamiento del oxígeno en las aguas más profundasy la acumulación de sedimentos en el fondo de los lagos, así como otros cambios químicos, tales como la precipitación del carbonato de calcio en las aguas duras. Ot...
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Italia - geografía.
La flora de las tierras bajas de la parte central y meridional de Italia es típicamente mediterránea, con presencia de olivos, naranjos, limoneros, palmeras y cidros. En lazona sur también son característicos la higuera, la palmera datilera, el granado y el almendro, además de la caña de azúcar y el algodón. La vegetación de los montesApeninos es similar a la de Europa central, con abundancia de castaños, cipreses y robles en las laderas más bajas, mientras que las zonas situadas a mayor altura...
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Population.
year AD 1, and it took more than 1,500 years to reach the 500 million mark. Growth was not steady but was marked by oscillations dictated by climate, food supply, disease, and war. Starting in the 17th century, great advances in scientific knowledge, agriculture, industry, medicine, and social organization made possible rapid acceleration inpopulation growth. Machines gradually replaced human and animal labor. People slowly acquired the knowledge and means to control disease. By 1900 the worldp...
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Technology.
loose soil in this region, known as the Fertile Crescent, was easily scratched for planting, and an abundance of trees was available for firewood. By 5000 BC, farming communities were established in areas known today as Syria, Turkey, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, Greece, and the islands of Crete and Cyprus. Agricultural societies in these places constructed stone buildings, used the sickle to harvest grain, developed a primitive plowstick, and advanced their skills inmetalworking. Trade in flint al...
- MANIÈRE DE PENSER L’URBANISME. (résumé) Le Corbusier
- FOUET VIVANT (Le) Milo Urban (résumé)
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Ciudades y pueblos - (exposé en espagnol).
comerciales. En los últimos tiempos está empezando a darse un fenómeno espacial que impide que los límites de la ciudad se vean claros: larururbanización . La ciudad invade el campo que la rodea y el mundo rural se urbaniza: los trabajos rurales desaparecen ante la llegada de las empresas urbanas y se construyen grandes infraestructuras de transporte. Los habitantes de la ciudad se van a vivir alcampo en busca de una mayor calidad de vida, aunque vuelven a la ciudad para trabajar todos los días:...
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Rhythm-and-Blues Music
I
INTRODUCTION
Tina Turner
American singer Tina Turner began performing rhythm-and-blues music in a band led by her former husband, Ike Turner,
in the 1960s.
thousands of black Americans migrated from the rural South to Midwest, Northeast, and West Coast cities. In popular music, new styles were created to meet thechanging tastes of this demographic group, leading to the development of the urbane sounds of R&B. The profound sociological changes of the World War II period were accompanied by two significant technological developments: the invention of the electric guitar in thelate 1930s and the discovery of the German-invented tape recorder by the mu...
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Lima (Peru) - geography.
home to a wide range of museums, many focusing on Peru’s indigenous heritage. These include the National Museum of Anthropology and Archaeology, the GoldMuseum of Peru, the Museum of the Central Reserve Bank, and the Rafael Larco Herrera Museum, which specializes in pre-Hispanic ceramics. Art and history museumsare also found in metropolitan Lima, including the National Museum of the Republic, the Museum of Peruvian Culture, and the Museum of the Inquisition, in the buildingwhere colonial Cathol...
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Birding - biology.
swallows, and rock doves nest on buildings in cities, towns, and farms. The chimney swift has abandoned hollow trees for chimneys as a nest site in urban areas.Mallards and Canada geese—once exclusively wild, migratory species—now live year-round in the open spaces found in city parks and golf courses. Nearly all purplemartins, a songbird species that once used the abandoned nests of woodpeckers or the natural cavities of cliffs or dead trees, now live primarily in structures specificallyconstru...
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Kazakhstan - country.
mismanagement. Between 1949 and 1991 the Soviet government conducted about 70 percent of all of its nuclear testing in Kazakhstan, mostly in the northeastern area near the city ofSemipalatinsk (now Semey). Nearly 500 nuclear explosions occurred both above and below ground near Semipalatinsk, while more than 40 nuclear detonationsoccurred at other testing grounds in western Kazakhstan and in the Qyzylqum desert. More than 1 million of Kazakhstan’s inhabitants were exposed to dangerous levelsof ra...
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Democratic Republic of the Congo - country.
Except in the high elevations, the country’s climate is very hot and humid. The average annual temperature in the low central area is about 27°C (about 80°F).Temperatures are considerably higher in February, the hottest month. At altitudes above about 1,500 m (about 5,000 ft) the average annual temperature is about 19°C(about 66°F). Average annual rainfall is about 1,500 mm (about 60 in) in the north and about 1,300 mm (about 50 in) in the south. Frequent heavy rains occur fromApril to November...
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Native Americans of Middle and South America.
A line that snakes across central Mexico near the Tropic of Cancer forms the northern boundary of Mesoamerica; north of this line rainfall sharply declines and theclimate is much drier. The ancient civilizations of Mesoamerica all arose and developed in the area between this line and the Guatemalan highlands far to the south. Richvolcanic soils are found throughout much of the region. A2 People and Languages Mesoamerica was a great melting pot, home to many peoples and interrelated cultures. In...
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Cuba - country.
Only two land mammals, the hutia, or cane rat, and the solenodon, a rare insectivore that resembles a rat, are known to be indigenous. The island has numerous batsand nearly 300 kinds of birds, including vultures, wild turkeys, quail, finches, gulls, macaws, parakeets, and hummingbirds. The bee hummingbird of Cuba is thesmallest bird in the world. Among the few reptiles are tortoises, caimans, the Cuban crocodile, and a species of boa that can attain a length of 3.7 m (12 ft). More than700 speci...
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Latvia - country.
The population of Latvia is about 2,245,423 (2008 estimate), yielding an average population density of 35 persons per sq km (91 per sq mi). Latvia is highly urbanized.Some 66 percent of the population lives in urban areas, with nearly one-third of the total population residing in the capital, Rīga. Other important cities includeDaugavpils, an industrial center in the southeast, on the Daugava River; Liep āja, an important port on the Baltic Sea; Jelgava, an industrial center near Rîga; J ūrmala,...
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Boston - geography.
The neighborhoods of Allston and Brighton occupy the northwest corner of the city to the west of Fenway. The Allston-Brighton area is bordered to the east, north, andwest by the Charles River and to the south by the Massachusetts Turnpike and the town of Brookline. It is an industrial and residential neighborhood that is also thelocation of Boston College and Harvard University Business School. Boston has been unsuccessful in annexing Brookline, the birthplace of U.S. president John F.Kennedy an...
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Le Corbusier - architecture.
Santé à Rio de Janeiro (1936, en collaboration avec les Brésiliens Oscar Niemeyer, Lúcio Costa et Alfonso Reidy). 4. 2 Les Unités d’habitations Après la guerre, Le Corbusier fait preuve d’une capacité de renouvellement et d’inventivité hors du commun. Ainsi, pour résoudre les problèmes de logement, il préconise une solution d’habitat en hauteur dans la verdure : les « Unités d’habitation ». À la demande du gouvernement français, il réalise la Cité radieuse de Marseille (1947-1952), une U...
- POS (plan d'occupation des sols), document d'urbanisme institué par la
- Niemeyer Soares Filho Oscar Architecte et urbaniste brésilien
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São Paulo (city) - geography.
universities include the State University Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (1976), and the even larger University of São Paulo (1934), which incorporates the city’s famousand influential Faculty of Law. Important private universities are Mackenzie University, originally founded by Presbyterian missionaries from the United States (1870);the Paulista University (1972); the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo (1946); and the University São Judas Tadeu (1971). The city is home to the São Pau...
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Seattle - geography.
Mountains. The area includes the suburban cities of Bellevue, Kirkland, Redmond, Renton, and Issaquah. The Eastside has become home to dozens of high-technologyindustries including Microsoft Corporation, ATL Ultrasound, Nintendo of America, divisions of The Boeing Company, and many other firms. In the 1960s commutersheaded to Seattle jobs from homes on the Eastside. Today, the “reverse commute” from Seattle homes to jobs on the Eastside is just as heavy, and both streams oftraffic cross the same...
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Switzerland - country.
formation over higher elevations. The wind reverses direction about sundown and moves down the valley as a cool downdraft. The foehn, which occurs during the wintermonths, is a dry and relatively warm airflow that is drawn northward over the Alps. The foehn can quickly melt snow and ice, increasing the risk of mudslides andavalanches. D Natural Resources Waterpower is the chief natural resource of Switzerland. The principal source of water is runoff from the considerable annual precipitation th...
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Israel (country) - country.
harbor in the northern part of the country, and Ashdod, an artificial deepwater port to the south, serve as the main seaports on the Mediterranean. The port of Elat onthe Gulf of Aqaba provides Israel’s only access to the Red Sea, making it extremely important to the country’s shipping interests. D Natural Resources Although much of Israel’s desert regions contain poor soils, the northern Negev, the coastal plains, and the interior valleys provide patches of productive soils. Anestimated 18 per...
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Plano urbano
1
INTRODUCCIÓN
Fotografía aérea de una ciudad
Las fotografías aéreas sirven para estudiar el terreno y permiten a los ingenieros y arquitectos planificar sus proyectos de
construcción futura.
Vista aérea de Capalbio, Toscana (Italia)Sugestiva vista aérea de Capalbio, localidad situada en el extremo meridional de la región italiana de la Toscana. Perteneciente a lacomarca pantanosa de Maremma, la villa se alza sobre una colina en las proximidades del mar Tirreno. El pequeño casco antiguopresenta un caserío abigarrado, que conserva intacto su aspecto medieval y se extiende por el interior de las murallas levantadas enel siglo XV que se observan en la imagen.Fotocronache Olympia En las...
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Jakarta - geography.
voluntary movement of families to Indonesia's less populated islands). Jakarta is a magnet for migrants from other areas of Indonesia; during the late 1980s an estimated 250 migrants arrived daily. Most were between the ages of 15 and39 years, many with six years of education or less. There is also a significant number of commuters and seasonal migrants who work in government, manufacturing,and services. In addition, many of these temporary residents are engaged in informal employment as drivers...
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Democratic Party.
At the beginning of the 20th century the Democrats’ minority position among voters remained central to their existence. The Progressive split in Republican rankshelped elect Woodrow Wilson twice, but the entry of the United States into World War I ended that. The war, popular at first, backfired against the Wilsonadministration when large numbers of German Americans and Irish Americans protested with their votes against U.S. involvement on England’s side. The result wasanother Republican landsli...
- Beaudouin Eugène , 1898-1983, né à Paris, architecte et urbaniste français.
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Pollution.
One of the greatest challenges caused by air pollution is global warming, an increase in Earth’s temperature due to the buildup of certain atmospheric gases such ascarbon dioxide. With the heavy use of fossil fuels in the 20th century, atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide have risen dramatically. Carbon dioxide and othergases, known as greenhouse gases, reduce the escape of heat from the planet without blocking radiation coming from the Sun. Because of this greenhouse effect,average glob...
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Afghanistan - country.
D Climate Most of Afghanistan has a subarctic mountain climate with dry and cold winters, except for the lowlands, which have arid and semiarid climates. In the mountains and afew of the valleys bordering Pakistan, a fringe effect of the Indian monsoon, coming usually from the southeast, brings moist maritime tropical air in summer.Afghanistan has clearly defined seasons: Summers are hot and winters can be bitterly cold. Summer temperatures as high as 49°C (120°F) have been recorded in thenorth...
- Aalto (Alvar) Architecte et urbaniste finlandais (Kuortane, 1898 - Helsinki, 1976).
- Zehrfuss Bernard, 1911-1996, né à Angers, architecte et urbaniste français.
- Holley Robert William , 1922-1993, né à Urbana (Illinois), biologiste américain.
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logement.
la construction de logements sociaux (HLM) destinés aux ménages à revenus modestes, de logements-foyers pour certaines catégories (handicapés, travailleurs migrants, jeunes travailleurs...). La multiplication des « sans domicile fixe » (SDF), dans les années quatre- vingt-dix, a montré l'acuité de la crise du logement social dans les grandes villes. Complétez votre recherche en consultant : Les livres urbanisme - immeubles d'habitation conçus par Karl Schneider, à Hambourg, en 1929, page 5361...
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Gropius Walter, 1883-1969, né à Berlin, architecte allemand.
Bauhaus Berlin - L'histoire de Berlin Breuer Marcel Lajos CIAM (Congrès international d'architecture moderne) États-Unis - Arts - Architecture - Le modernisme fonctionnalisme - 1.ARCHITECTURE Meyer Hannes Mies van der Rohe Ludwig mobilier - L'évolution des styles en Occident - Le courant rationaliste dans la première moitié du XXe siècle mur-rideau Piscator Erwin purisme - 2.BEAUX-ARTS rationalisme - 2.ARCHITECTURE style international urbanisme - Les théories de l'ur...
- LEDOUX, Claude Nicolas (1736-1806) Architecte et urbaniste, il acquiert sa notoriété avec l'édification du théâtre de Besançon, de la Saline d'Arc-et-Senans.
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Sociologie et Politiques des « Quartiers »
A l'origine, l'expression " grands ensembles " était employée pour désigner des espaces de zones résidentielles. Ce terme « grands ensembles » regroupe de multiples caractéristiques : il désigne une forme, une architecture : des barres et des tours, une taille de plus de 500 ou 1000 logements, un type de financement à savoir « le logement social », une localisation en banlieue, un aménagement qui implique des équipements : commerces, café, cabinet médical,... L'expression apparaît pour la pr...
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place.
Sienne urbanisme - Un héritage ancien Les livres Barcelone - le parc de la Plaza de España, page 554, volume 1 Brasília, page 734, volume 2 Bucarest, page 765, volume 2 Bruxelles - la Grand-Place, au cœur du vieux Bruxelles, page 766, volume 2 Bruxelles - la place de Brouckère, dans le centre de Bruxelles, page 769, volume 2 Concorde (place de la), page 1215, volume 3 Lituanie - Vilnius, page 2885, volume 6 Madrid - la Plaza Mayor, page 2969, volume 6 Madrid - la Plaza de España, pa...
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Venezuela - geografía.
impulsar el turismo. 2.4 Flora y fauna Las diferencias paisajísticas, climáticas y topográficas de las regiones de Venezuela dan origen a una enorme variedad vegetal. En las selvas nubladas de las cordilleras de laCosta y de los Andes, así como en las serranías, destaca la presencia de cedro dulce, jarillo o apamate, que son árboles maderables, además de la presencia de variasespecies de palmas y orquídeas, como la catleya, flor nacional. En las pluvisilvas del sur de Venezuela se encuentran ár...
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Folktales
I
INTRODUCTION
"Little Red Riding Hood"
The popular children's story "Little Red Riding
seemed important to them. Thus, the Grimms postulated a common Indo-European origin for folktales, and the German philologist Theodor Benfey as well as theScottish writer William Clouston believed that stories diffused by way of travelers migrating east and west from India. Such theories, however, have proven incompleteand inadequate. Nevertheless, the research of these and other scholars greatly stimulated interest in folklore and folktales. The German scholar Max Muller held thatmyths originat...
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Rio de Janeiro (city) - geography.
were coronated; and Our Lady of Candelária Church, thought by some to be the city’s most beautiful church. Another building of interest is the Imperial Palace, located several blocks west of Santos Dumont Airport. Originally constructed as Brazil’s colonial governor’s capitol in1743, it was converted to the royal palace during the city’s period as an imperial capital. It has recently been restored and now houses a cultural center. Otherimpressive 19th-century palaces include Itamaraty and Catete...
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Latin American Music
I
INTRODUCTION
Tito Puente Playing the Drums
Since the 1950s American drummer Tito Puente has popularized Latin American music, especially the mambo, in the
United States.
Panpipe Music of BoliviaWell before the Spanish conquest, native peoples such as the Quechua and Aymara living in the Andes Mountains inBolivia, Peru, and Ecuador, developed a rich musical tradition. Panpipes (set of tuned pipes), made of ceramic, sugarcane,or bone were paired with shell trumpets, cane flutes, and drums, which accompanied dancers during religious and secularceremonies. Large ensembles of 4 to 20 panpipe players are still the norm, and Spanish influences have since beenintegrated...
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Asian Theater
I
INTRODUCTION
Asian Theater, live performance, featuring actors or puppets, native to Asia, a continent with more than 2 billion people of many nations and cultures.
III THEATER IN EAST ASIA Theater in East Asia includes the traditions of China, Japan, and Korea. Most Chinese theater is urban, secular (nonreligious) entertainment, influenced by the ethics of Confucianism. However, a belief in spirits influences rituals performed by ethnic minorities in China, and Buddhism dominates traditional Tibetan performance. Japanesedramatic forms combine native shamanistic performance, secular entertainment, and cultural or religious influences from China and Kore...
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Libya - country.
junipers and mastic trees are found in the higher elevations. Only a few large mammals are found in Libya. Wildlife includes desert rodents, hyenas, gazelles, and wildcats. Eagles, hawks, and vultures are common. E Environmental Issues Libya has undertaken a number of major irrigation projects intended to ease the country’s water shortage. The most ambitious is the so-called Great Man-Made River(GMMR), a massive 25-year irrigation scheme begun in 1984. The GMMR is a vast water pipeline system d...
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Slovakia - country.
The country is divided informally into the three regions of Western Slovakia, Central Slovakia, and Eastern Slovakia, corresponding to administrative divisions that wereabolished in 1989. Most of Slovakia’s 600,000 Hungarians live in the southern parts of Western and Central Slovakia, which served as the cultural center of Hungary forseveral centuries after Hungary proper was invaded by the Ottomans in the 16th century. The Ruthenian and Ukrainian minorities are concentrated in the northernregio...
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Venezuela - country.
Venezuela has six navigable rivers. Of the thousand or more streams in the country, the majority flow into the Orinoco. The Orinoco flows east across central Venezuelaand drains approximately four-fifths of the total area of the country. With the tributaries—the Apure, Meta, and Negro rivers—it forms the outlet into the Atlantic Oceanfor the waters of much of the interior of Colombia, as well as of inland Venezuela. F Climate The climate of Venezuela is tropical on the Llanos and along the coas...