Devoir de Philosophie

art brut

Publié le 07/04/2015

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Jean Dubuffet is a french avant garde artist of the 20th century. He is known for his collaged paintings and the founder of the art brut. In 1918, he moved to Paris where he took courses in painting at the académie Julian. He didn't finish his studies in art because he didn't conform with the ideas of the institution, the art world in general and he went into the wine business. After several failures attempts in others careers, he commit himself to arts definitely in 1942 and he practiced his art until his death in 1985. In order to understand the art historical movement associated with the painting, "Paysages aux ardus"(1955), we are going to focus in various aspects, a brief resume of surrealism and the art informel and understanding the art brut. First, the surrealist movement was soaring in Europe between the two worlds wars. Founded by André Breton in 1920's, the surrealist movement was a result of the dead-end of the dada movement. The revolutionary movement of Breton emphasis on the imaginary and the desire of the artist. In the post-war period, two art tendencies have surged from the tragedy of the war, the art informel in Europe and abstract expressionism in America. These new trends in art are related towards radical changes in society from the political to the cultural point of view. In the case of Jean Dubuffet, we are interested in particular at the art informel. L'art informel is founded in origin by the french critic Michel Tapié in 1951 at the gale...

« unconventional materials (glass; textile fragments; buttons; butterfly wings) to his paintings.

The use of the unconventional materials suggest that the artist is associated to the art informel but this is a pretext for Dubuffet to « build » his art brut in the 1945.

The artist is interested by the popular arts, the graffiti, kids drawings and the mental ill ( insane ) artworks.

In his artistic process, he assumes that art should be practice by anybody that doesn't need talent or instruction, to be an art of jubilation.

In 1948, he precises the notion of art brut that any work is exclude definitively from all art tradition, it should be primitive, a popular art, a naive art.

In 1949, Jean Dubuffet wrote the text, « L' Art brut préféré aux arts culturels » , where he proposed art brut as a new art trend that contains spontaneous character and highly creative, any sort of works is produced by authors outside the established art scene.

A translated citation from the artist in the text, « L'Art brut préféré aux arts culturels », we find a statement that confirms the intention of the art brut : “We are assisting at the artistic operation that is pure, brute, reinvented in the whole in all the process by the author, based on his own impulsion...” 2 L'art brut (raw art) is considered to be a more authentic spontaneous form of expression, a contradictory concept of art without the artist, without the intention of art, outside the commercial circuit, a natural concrete work.

Dubuffet founded a group, la Compagnie de l'Art Brut , in which André Breton (Surrealism), Michel Tapié (Art Informel) and others are members.

In the 50's, he ceases the activities of la Compagnie de l'Art Brut , he had some tension with André Breton which he believes that Breton wanted to make art brut as a « surrealism department » 3 .

In the book, Modern European Art by Alan Bowness, we find a citation of Dubuffet that represents the philosophy behind Art Brut : « I want to be as through newborn, knowing absolutely nothing about Europe, ignoring facts and fashion, to be almost primitive » 4 The artistic technique used to make the painting, « Paysage aux ardus » , is assemblage, a sort of 2 Translated from, “DUBUFFET ET L'ART BRUT” , MAM, accessed Mars 3, 2014, http://mam.cudl- lille.fr/mam/data/sandbox/pj3.pdf 3 “DUBUFFET ET L'ART BRUT” . 4 Alan Bowness, Modern European Art (London : Thames and Hudson Ltd, 1972), 169-170. »

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