377 résultats pour "populäre"

• Cycling.

  gather to cheer the riders as they pedal by on each lap. Unlike stage racing and time trialing, the emphasis in a criterium is on speed and bike handling rather thanendurance. Track racing is done in a stadium-like arena called a velodrome. A modern velodrome is an oval track with steeply banked corners that facilitate high speed. Velodromes can be enclosed or open-air, and the tracks are constructed of wood or concrete. Popular in Europe and the United States at the beginning of the 20th cent...

• Chinese Music I INTRODUCTION Classical Peking Opera Of the many major forms of regional theater in China, Peking opera is by far the most famous.

  World Music TourClick on the instruments to hear music from around the world.© Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved. However, the Confucian beliefs about music were constantly eroded throughout Chinese history by a long tradition of popular entertainment music, favored both at thecourt and by the common folk. Although excluded from official ritual performances for several thousand years, Chinese women musicians and entertainers had a centraland formative role in this entertainment music as...

• Puppets I INTRODUCTION Punch and Judy Punch and Judy are characters in an English hand puppet show that first appeared in 1662.

  Rod puppets are controlled by rods attached to their limbs, heads, and bodies. Although the traditional rod puppets of Belgium and Sicily are worked from above, likemarionettes, most contemporary rod figures are operated from below. In theaters, rod puppeteers are frequently concealed from view by drapery or stage flats (fabric stretched across frames). On television and in films, rod and hand puppeteers usually hold their figures either above their heads or in front of their faces. In the lat...

• World Wide Web.

  browser does not display the URL for the user. Instead, to indicate that an item is selectable, the browser changes the color of the item on the screen and keeps theURL associated with the link hidden. When a user clicks on an item that corresponds to a selectable link, the browser consults the hidden information to find theappropriate URL, which the browser then follows to the selected page. Because a link can point to any page in the Web, the links are known as hyperlinks. See also Hypermedia...

• Millennium.

  Postmillennialism, also referred to as progressive millennialism, interprets the Bible less literally than premillennialism does. Postmillennialists regard the millennium as a1,000-year reign of Christian ideals that will end with the return of Christ. In this view, the millennium will not start suddenly through an apocalypse, but graduallythrough the efforts of human beings. Postmillennialists believe that through social reform and by upholding Christian ideals, the kingdom of God will be built...

• Martin Van Buren.

  political ambitions. The Clintonians cited as one example of Van Buren's unscrupulous methods his support of a convention in 1821 to revise the state's constitution. Van Buren and hisBucktails said they wanted to make the constitution more democratic. The Clintonians retorted that the real aim was to oust them from office. Both sides were right. Therevised constitution introduced a needed extension of voting rights and improved the operation of the state government. However, it also removed many...

• Martin Van Buren

  political ambitions. The Clintonians cited as one example of Van Buren's unscrupulous methods his support of a convention in 1821 to revise the state's constitution. Van Buren and hisBucktails said they wanted to make the constitution more democratic. The Clintonians retorted that the real aim was to oust them from office. Both sides were right. Therevised constitution introduced a needed extension of voting rights and improved the operation of the state government. However, it also removed many...

• Sydney (Australia) - geography.

  blocks in the eastern suburbs and around railway stations elsewhere; and homes on large lots in the outer suburbs, especially those to the northwest. For publichousing, the state government built a number of high-rise apartment blocks in run-down inner suburbs after World War II (1939-1945). These housing projects weresoon deemed unsuccessful and were discontinued because they fostered crime and other social problems. More recently, public housing has taken the form of separateor semidetached ho...

• Dwight D.

  maneuvers in Louisiana in 1941, he played a leading role as a staff officer, adding to his reputation and securing him a promotion to brigadier general. On December 7,1941, Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, and the next day the United States entered World War II against the Axis Powers (Japan, Germany, and Italy). A weeklater, the army’s new chief of staff, General George C. Marshall, called Eisenhower to Washington, D.C., and put him in charge of the War Plans Division. Opinions differed on...

• Zimbabwe - country.

  contamination—especially from the dieldrin and DDT used in tsetse fly control—has significantly affected wildlife and human health. III PEOPLE AND SOCIETY OF ZIMBABWE In 2008 Zimbabwe’s population was estimated to be 12,382,920, giving the country a population density of 32 persons per sq km (83 per sq mi). With a birth rate of27 per 1,000 and a death rate of 22 per 1,000, Zimbabwe’s population growth rate is 0.6 percent. Life expectancy at birth was estimated at 40 years in 2008, downfrom 59...

• Lebanon (country) - country.

  during the civil war. Within the country, thousands of Shia Muslim refugees fled fighting in southern Lebanon in the 1990s and moved into shantytowns in Beirut’ssouthern suburbs. Lebanon’s major cities were greatly affected by the civil war. Beirut has gradually regained most of its prewar population and remains the country’s largest city. Tripoli,the northern port, is the second largest city. Jūniyah, north of Beirut, was developed as a wartime port and subsequently had a population boom. Za ḩl...

• Alberta - Geography.

  C Climate Except for the mountain areas, summers throughout the province are quite warm. Winters are long and extremely cold. In July, average daily temperatures range fromabout 16°C (about 60°F) along the northern boundary to about 21°C (about 70°F) in the south. In the extreme southeastern section of the province, temperatures of43°C (110°F) have been recorded. In January, average daily temperatures range from about -14°C (about 6°F) at Grande Prairie to about -9°C (about 16°F) atCalgary. Tem...

• Alberta - Canadian History.

  C Climate Except for the mountain areas, summers throughout the province are quite warm. Winters are long and extremely cold. In July, average daily temperatures range fromabout 16°C (about 60°F) along the northern boundary to about 21°C (about 70°F) in the south. In the extreme southeastern section of the province, temperatures of43°C (110°F) have been recorded. In January, average daily temperatures range from about -14°C (about 6°F) at Grande Prairie to about -9°C (about 16°F) atCalgary. Tem...

• Rhode Island - geography.

  C (73° F). Along the northern state line, the January mean temperature is about 1° C (about 2° F) colder than in Warwick in January. Along the ocean coast, theJanuary mean temperature is -1° C (30° F). Warm season temperatures are also influenced by the ocean and bay, so temperatures are usually cooler along the coastthan in the interior. The difference tends to be greatest in spring and early summer. Winter temperatures in Rhode Island are usually above -7° C (20° F), buttemperatures colder by...

• Rhode Island - USA History.

  C (73° F). Along the northern state line, the January mean temperature is about 1° C (about 2° F) colder than in Warwick in January. Along the ocean coast, theJanuary mean temperature is -1° C (30° F). Warm season temperatures are also influenced by the ocean and bay, so temperatures are usually cooler along the coastthan in the interior. The difference tends to be greatest in spring and early summer. Winter temperatures in Rhode Island are usually above -7° C (20° F), buttemperatures colder by...

• Austria - country.

  Wildlife is generally scarce in Austria. Chamois, deer, and marmot are still present; bear, which were once abundant, are now almost completely absent. Hunting isstrictly regulated to protect the remaining species. F Environmental Issues Industrial emissions, a high volume of tourist traffic, and significant air pollution from other countries—principally the former East Germany, Slovakia, and the CzechRepublic—combine to make acid rain the major environmental problem in Austria. One-quarter of...

• États-Unis 1986-1987 Sombre année pour Ronald Reagan L'année 1986 avait bien commencé pour le président Reagan. Sa popularité était extraordinairement...

  États-Unis 1986-1987 Sombre année pour Ronald Reagan L'année 1986 avait bien commencé pour le président Reagan. Sa popularité était extraordinairement élevée après cinq ans de pouvoir. Même ses erreurs semblaient ne jamais lui coller à la peau: on le surnommait le président-téflon. Il avait su dignement consoler une nation atterrée par l'explosion de la navette Challenger (28 janvier 1986). Et chacun s'extasiait sur la bonne santé de l'économie américaine. Si la situation semblait moins brillan...

• 1970 – 1979 : Chili

  Des partisans de Salvador Allende sont tués à la suite du coup d'État militaire, fo menté par le général Pinochet le 11 septembre 1973. ©C h. Gerretsen -Gamma du régime en mettant fin à leur aide économique et financière et en , ref usant des crédits à court terme . A cette opposition extérieure s'ajoutent l' endettement à l'ég ard de l'extér ieur, la chute des cours mondiaux du cuivre , l' inflation galopante , les difficultés d' approvi sionnem ent...

• La révolution cubaine

  développement des services.Les résultats de la politique d'industrialisation de Che Guevara sont désastreux, entrainant par exemple la destruction partielle d'un secteur tertiaire pourtantflorissant. Cete politique est symptomatique d'un état d'esprit où l'on croît tout possible. Cf l'ouvrage de J.Verdès-Leroux: la lune et le caudillo , Paris 1991. 2. Cuba se tourne vers l'URSS.La réaction des Etats-Unis à partir de 1961 face à la politique cubaine précipite les événements:- épisode de la baie d...

• Mao Zedong - historia.

  En esos años, la primera esposa de Mao cayó muerta por las balas de los nacionalistas. Mao se divorció de su segunda esposa y en 1939 contrajo matrimonio con la actrizLan Ping, más conocida como Jiang Qing (Chiang Ch’ing), que después de 1964 desempeñaría un papel cada vez más importante en el Partido Comunista. El éxito de la resistencia comunista de guerrillas frente a los japoneses contrastó con la retirada de los nacionalistas al suroeste de China. En torno al año 1946 el PartidoComunista qu...

• Santa Claus I INTRODUCTION Santa Claus, legendary bringer of gifts at Christmas.

  included such details as the names of the reindeer; Santa Claus's laughs, winks, and nods; and the method by which Saint Nicholas, referred to as an elf, returns up thechimney. (Moore's phrase “lays his finger aside of his nose” was drawn directly from Irving's 1809 description.) The American image of Santa Claus was further elaborated by illustrator Thomas Nast, who depicted a rotund Santa for Christmas issues of Harper's magazine from the 1860s to the 1880s. Nast added such details as Santa'...

• Raphael (painter) I INTRODUCTION Raphael's La Belle Jardinière Completed in 1508 in Florence, La Belle Jardinière is one of the most famous Madonna portraits of Italian Renaissance painter Raphael.

  III ROMAN PERIOD Leo I and AttilaThis fresco by Italian Renaissance painter Raphael, Leo I Repulsing Attila (1512-1514, Vatican), depicts the confrontationbetween Pope Leo I and Attila the Hun outside Rome in the 5th century. Whereas the figures on the left exemplify theclassical poise typical of the High Renaissance, the tumultuous activity of the figures on the right prefigures the dynamicenergy of the later baroque style.Scala/Art Resource, NY In 1508 Raphael was called to Rome by Pope Juli...

• Killer Whale - biology.

  V REPRODUCTION Mating occurs more often among killer whales of different pods to avoid inbreeding within pods. About 16 to 18 months after mating, females give birth to a single calf.Newborn calves weigh about 200 kg (440 lb) and are about 2.5 m (8 ft) long. Mothers nurse their calf for 14 to 18 months, although mothers continue to be protectiveof their young long after the offspring have been weaned. Scientists do not know how long killer whales live in the wild. Scientists estimate that male...

• Japanese Music I INTRODUCTION Shamisen Performance The shamisen is a Japanese instrument with three strings.

  utilizes six modes, or scales, of Chinese origin, all derived from two basic pentatonic (five-note) scales: ryo, D E-flat G A B-flat, plus F and C as auxiliary pitches; and ritsu, D F G A C, plus auxiliary pitches E-flat and B-flat. The meters in gagaku music are basically duple (in twos). IV DRAMATIC MUSIC Classical Nō Drama of JapanInspired both spiritually and artistically by Zen Buddhism, the Japanese n ō theater is composed of four main components:music (voices, instruments), choreogra...

• Church (building) I INTRODUCTION Church (building), a building designed for worship for groups of Christians.

  nearby was a basilica; the two are now combined in one building, known as the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. The original Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome, replaced bythe present church during the Renaissance, was a huge processional basilica with projecting wings—transepts—forming a Latin cross in plan. The domed, centralizedform persisted in the Byzantine and Slavic East, where medieval churches, small in scale, often took the form of five domes arranged on a Greek cross plan. IV MEDIEVAL EUROPE...

• Richard Bennett.

  that had existed since 1920. He used able people from various government departments to write legislation, to negotiate trade agreements, and to act as economicadvisers. He also built up the political and secret work of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. A Tariff Policy Bennett's tariff policy combined protection for Canadian farmers and manufacturers and special treatment for nations that were members of the British Commonwealth.In 1932, at a Commonwealth economic conference, a series of agree...

• Richard Bennett - Canadian History.

  that had existed since 1920. He used able people from various government departments to write legislation, to negotiate trade agreements, and to act as economicadvisers. He also built up the political and secret work of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. A Tariff Policy Bennett's tariff policy combined protection for Canadian farmers and manufacturers and special treatment for nations that were members of the British Commonwealth.In 1932, at a Commonwealth economic conference, a series of agree...

• O Teatro Moderno Brasileiro

  acomodação. Mário de Andrade, Oswald de Andrade, Villa-Lobos, Anita Malfati e tantos outros renovaram a poesia, o romance, a música, a pintura e as demais artes, atualizando-as simultaneamente pelos padrões internacionais provenientes do Futurismo, do Cubismo e dos demais ismos europeus, e pelo mergulho nas fontes brasileiras não convencionais, a começar pela adoção de uma linguagem que se aproximava da fala popular, rompida com a rígida sintaxe lusitana. Não houve uma manifestação artísti...

• Cobra (snake) - biology.

  Most cobras prey on small rodents or other small mammals. They also eat birds, snakes, lizards, frogs, toads, insects, and even eggs. Water cobras catch fish and kingcobras specialize in eating other snakes. Similar to other venomous snakes, cobras use venom to subdue their prey before swallowing it whole, generally head first. Thevenom may contain substances that also break down the prey for digestion. Despite their potent venom and dramatic threat displays, cobras are hunted and eaten by a num...

• Electronic Music I INTRODUCTION Electronic Music, music that requires the use of electronic devices to produce or manipulate sound during its composition and performance.

  III SYNTHESIZERS AND OTHER ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY Moog SynthesizerThe musical synthesizer was invented by American Robert Moog. Soon after Moog introduced an early version in 1964, itbecame known as the “Moog Synthesizer,” and then simply as the “Moog.” Here, Japanese composer Isao Tomita uses aMoog synthesizer in his studio.Huynh Cong/AP/Wide World Photos In the 1950s sound synthesizers were developed, principally in the United States. Synthesizers enabled composers to produce sounds electroni...

• Turquía - geografía.

  de Guleman y Fethoye, y de magnetita en las proximidades de Divrigi, además de plomo y cinc repartidos por todo el país. En Boron se ha encontrado cobre y plata, ypetróleo en cantidades más reducidas en la zona suroriental. 2.6 Temas medioambientales Situada en el punto de encuentro de tres grandes regiones biogeográficas, Turquía alberga 2.400 especies vegetales endémicas. Las zonas con lagos, lagunas costeras yotros humedales son numerosas. Aproximadamente el 13,1% (2005) de la tierra está cu...

• 1996 Summer Olympics.

  jump, the first African woman ever to win an Olympic field event. In the first Olympic women's soccer competition, the United States returned to world prominence with a 2-1 gold medal victory over China before more than 76,000spectators—believed to be the largest crowd in history for a women's sporting event. The U.S. team won the first women's World Cup in 1991, defeating Norway inthe final match, but had failed to defend the title in 1995 when they lost to the Norwegians in the semifinals...

• Millard Fillmore.

  B Vice President of the United States During the first half of 1850, Fillmore as vice president presided over the United States Senate (the upper chamber of Congress) as angry debates raged betweenNorthern and Southern sectionalists over the status of slavery in the recently acquired lands. His fairness and sense of humor in the chair were not enough to restorepeace among the contending senators. The antislavery faction, led by Senator Seward (the former governor of New York) and Senator Salmon...

• Millard Fillmore

  B Vice President of the United States During the first half of 1850, Fillmore as vice president presided over the United States Senate (the upper chamber of Congress) as angry debates raged betweenNorthern and Southern sectionalists over the status of slavery in the recently acquired lands. His fairness and sense of humor in the chair were not enough to restorepeace among the contending senators. The antislavery faction, led by Senator Seward (the former governor of New York) and Senator Salmon...

• Acting I INTRODUCTION Lee Strasberg American acting teacher Lee Strasberg was best known for his association with the Actors Studio, of which he became the artistic director in 1951.

  truthfully felt those emotions at the moment they expressed them. Finding the true feeling in the proper place and time on stage, however, was a problem that Aristotleaddressed less well. He concluded that acting was an occupation for the gifted or insane. How to cross the artistic boundary beyond feigned emotions and flat imitation obsessed many Greek actors. In 315 BC the tragedian Polus carried the real ashes of his recently deceased son in an urn to stimulate a sense of genuine grief when h...

• John Diefenbaker.

  only Conservative elected from Saskatchewan, which had gone solidly to the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF), a coalition party dedicated to social andwelfare reforms. In 1952 the Liberals in Saskatchewan abolished Diefenbaker's Lake Centre seat altogether by merging it with the neighboring legislative district of Moose Jaw, where theCCF had a vast majority. In 1953 Diefenbaker decided to run for election in Prince Albert. Again he was the only Conservative returned to Parliament fromSa...

• John Diefenbaker - Canadian History.

  only Conservative elected from Saskatchewan, which had gone solidly to the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF), a coalition party dedicated to social andwelfare reforms. In 1952 the Liberals in Saskatchewan abolished Diefenbaker's Lake Centre seat altogether by merging it with the neighboring legislative district of Moose Jaw, where theCCF had a vast majority. In 1953 Diefenbaker decided to run for election in Prince Albert. Again he was the only Conservative returned to Parliament fromSa...

• Franklin Pierce.

  At the end of the war, Pierce returned home to his wife and six-year-old son. His law partnership had been dissolved, and he took a new partner. The new firm, like theold one, was highly successful. D Elder Statesman Pierce was by nature a politician. Although still in his early forties, as a retired U.S. senator he became New Hampshire's elder statesman and head of a group of lawyer-politicians called the Concord Clique, or the Regency. The group controlled the state's Democratic Party. Pierce...

• Franklin Pierce

  At the end of the war, Pierce returned home to his wife and six-year-old son. His law partnership had been dissolved, and he took a new partner. The new firm, like theold one, was highly successful. D Elder Statesman Pierce was by nature a politician. Although still in his early forties, as a retired U.S. senator he became New Hampshire's elder statesman and head of a group of lawyer-politicians called the Concord Clique, or the Regency. The group controlled the state's Democratic Party. Pierce...

• Paris (city, France) - geography.

  and its vibrant public square, frequented by street performers, soon became among the most popular landmarks in the city. West of the Pompidou Center is Les Halles, the site of the central market of Paris from the 12th century until 1969. The market was subsequently replaced by the Forum LesHalles, a multilevel underground complex featuring a shopping mall, museums, the Paris film library ( vidéothèque ), and a sports center. The street level of Les Halles features a garden, the Jardin des Halle...

• Calvin Coolidge.

  By 1923 President Harding was faced with a number of difficulties. A business depression, which had begun in 1922, continued. In addition, the Republican majorities inboth houses of Congress were reduced in the election of 1922, and a discontented farm bloc of Western Republican senators threatened to destroy the Senate majorityby allying with the Democrats. Finally, it was rumored that major scandals involving Harding's friends were about to break. The rumors were soon proved accurate. The dire...

• Calvin Coolidge

  By 1923 President Harding was faced with a number of difficulties. A business depression, which had begun in 1922, continued. In addition, the Republican majorities inboth houses of Congress were reduced in the election of 1922, and a discontented farm bloc of Western Republican senators threatened to destroy the Senate majorityby allying with the Democrats. Finally, it was rumored that major scandals involving Harding's friends were about to break. The rumors were soon proved accurate. The dire...

• Herman Melville I INTRODUCTION Herman Melville These lines (recited by an actor) begin the novel Moby Dick (1851), by Herman Melville.

  short novel Billy Budd in manuscript form. Melville’s death in New York City on September 28, 1891, went virtually unnoticed. None of his books was still in print. VI MELVILLE’S EARLY WORKS With the exception of Mardi , all of Melville’s early books are narratives of maritime adventure based upon his own experiences and on his wide reading. Although London publisher John Murray accepted Typee for his Home and Colonial Library as a strictly factual account of South Seas travel, he was lar...

• Zachary Taylor.

  army fled back across the Río Grande into Mexico. When Polk got word of the victories, he promoted Taylor to major general. Congress awarded him two gold medals. B1 Battle of Monterrey In September 1846, Taylor began an invasion of northern Mexico. His army of 6000 consisted of regulars and volunteers. On September 21 he attacked the fortifiedcity of Monterrey, which was defended by more than 7000 Mexicans under General Pedro de Ampudia. Taylor divided his army, giving Brigadier General William...

• Zachary Taylor

  army fled back across the Río Grande into Mexico. When Polk got word of the victories, he promoted Taylor to major general. Congress awarded him two gold medals. B1 Battle of Monterrey In September 1846, Taylor began an invasion of northern Mexico. His army of 6000 consisted of regulars and volunteers. On September 21 he attacked the fortifiedcity of Monterrey, which was defended by more than 7000 Mexicans under General Pedro de Ampudia. Taylor divided his army, giving Brigadier General William...

• Barbados - country.

  Barbados is served by a public library system centered in Bridgetown. B Culture The culture of Barbados combines English institutions, which evolved through more than three centuries of English rule, with a folk culture of African origin. Because ofits English traditions, Barbados is sometimes called “Little England.” Cricket has traditionally been the national game, and the island has produced some of the sport’sgreatest players. Water sports including surfing, swimming, snorkeling, and sailin...

• Sailing.

  the sails sweep across the decks of the vessel from one side to the other, and also because of the danger of breaking spars. In wild jibing, control can be lostmomentarily and, if the seas are high, a small boat can broach —that is, veer on its side with danger of swamping or capsizing. An unintentional jibe in a heavy wind frequently has enough force to break the masts of a vessel. When jibing intentionally, careful sailors always haul in on the boom while turning, so that the boom willtravel...

• Charles Dickens.

  The Old Curiosity Shop broke hearts across Britain and North America when it first appeared. Later readers, however, have found it excessively sentimental, especially the pathos surrounding the death of its child-heroine Little Nell. Dickens’s next two works proved less popular with the public. Barnaby Rudge, Dickens’s first historical novel, revolves around anti-Catholic riots that broke out in London in 1780. The events in Martin Chuzzlewit become a vehicle for the novel’s theme: selfishne...

• Herman Melville.

  information in Omoo , but various religious groups condemned both books for their unfavorable comments on the work and insensitivity of missionaries in the South Seas. Mardi is a philosophical allegory framed by another adventure at sea. The book’s hero, accompanied by characters representing the intellect, poetry, history, and philosophy, searches the world for universal truth. The book is filled with descriptions—intended as allegories—of human customs, religions, governments, and historical...

• Benjamin Franklin.

  Copley Medal for distinguished contributions to experimental science. Franklin also exerted a great influence on education in Pennsylvania. In 1749 he wrote thepamphlet Proposals Relating to the Education of Youth in Pennsylvania; its publication led to the establishment in 1751 of the Academy of Philadelphia, later to become the University of Pennsylvania. The curriculum he suggested departed considerably from the study of the Greek and Roman classics then in vogue. Instead itemphasized Engl...