708 résultats pour "economica"

• Greece Facts and Figures.

  Female 82.2 years (2008 estimate) Male 77 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 5 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 227 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 213 people (2000) Literacy rateTotal 97.7 percent (2005 estimate) Female 96.8 percent (2005 estimate) Male 98.7 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 4 percent (2002-2003) Number of years of compulsory schooling 9 years (2002-200...

• Portugal Facts and Figures.

  Infant mortality rate 5 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 308 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 278 people (2002) Literacy rateTotal 94.1 percent (2005 estimate) Female 92.3 percent (2005 estimate) Male 96.1 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 5.9 percent (2002-2003) Number of years of compulsory schooling 9 years (2002-2003) Number of students per teacher, primary school 11 students per...

• Jordan Facts and Figures.

  Female 81.4 years (2008 estimate) Male 76.2 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 16 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 493 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 588 people (2003) Literacy rateTotal 92.4 percent (2005 estimate) Female 87.9 percent (2005 estimate) Male 96.5 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 5.1 percent (1999-2000) Number of years of compulsory schooling 10 years (20...

• Bolivia Facts and Figures.

  Other 2 percent HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancyTotal 66.5 years (2008 estimate) Female 69.3 years (2008 estimate) Male 63.9 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 49 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 1,364 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 1,000 people (2003) Literacy rateTotal 88.4 percent (2005 estimate) Female 83.1 percent (2005 estimate) Male 93.8 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross nationa...

• Luxembourg Facts and Figures.

  Female 82.7 years (2008 estimate) Male 75.9 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 5 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 393 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 167 people (2003) Literacy rateTotal 100 percent (1995) Female Not available Male Not available Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 4 percent (1999-2000) Number of years of compulsory schooling 10 years (2002-2003) Number of students per teacher, p...

• Syria Facts and Figures.

  Total 70.9 years (2008 estimate) Female 72.3 years (2008 estimate) Male 69.5 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 27 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 1,887 people (2006) Population per hospital bed 667 people (2003) Literacy rateTotal 78.4 percent (2005 estimate) Female 66.1 percent (2005 estimate) Male 90.6 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 4.2 percent (2001-2002) Number of years...

• Norway Facts and Figures.

  Infant mortality rate 4 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 265 people (2006) Population per hospital bed 263 people (2000) Literacy rateTotal 99 percent (1995) Female Not available Male Not available Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 7.6 percent (2002-2003) Number of years of compulsory schooling 11 years (2002-2003) Number of students per teacher, primary school 10 students per teacher (2002-2003) GOVERNMENTForm of g...

• Argentina Facts and Figures.

  Female 80.4 years (2008 estimate) Male 72.8 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 14 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 332 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 244 people (2000) Literacy rateTotal 97.2 percent (2005 estimate) Female 97.3 percent (2005 estimate) Male 97.2 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 4.3 percent (2002-2003) Number of years of compulsory schooling 10 years (20...

• Japan Facts and Figures.

  Total 82.1 years (2008 estimate) Female 85.6 years (2008 estimate) Male 78.7 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 3 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 497 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 70 people (2003) Literacy rateTotal 99 percent (1995) Female 99 percent (1993 estimate) Male 99 percent (1993 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 3.5 percent (2000-2001) Number of years of compulsory scho...

• Turkey Facts and Figures.

  Male 70.7 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 37 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 641 people (2006) Population per hospital bed 385 people (2005) Literacy rateTotal 87.6 percent (2005 estimate) Female 80.1 percent (2005 estimate) Male 94.9 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 3.6 percent (2002-2003) Number of years of compulsory schooling 9 years (2002-2003) Number of students per teac...

• South Korea Facts and Figures.

  Female 81.1 years (2008 estimate) Male 74 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 6 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 554 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 141 people (2003) Literacy rateTotal 98.4 percent (2005 estimate) Female 97.4 percent (2005 estimate) Male 99.3 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 4.2 percent (2002-2003) Number of years of compulsory schooling 9 years (2002-2...

• Italy Facts and Figures.

  Population per hospital bed 227 people (2002) Literacy rateTotal 98.8 percent (2005 estimate) Female 98.4 percent (2005 estimate) Male 99.1 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 4.8 percent (2002-2003) Number of years of compulsory schooling 9 years (2001-2002) Number of students per teacher, primary school 11 students per teacher (2002-2003) GOVERNMENTForm of government Republic Head of state President Head of government Prime mini...

• Zimbabwe Facts and Figures.

  HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 39.7 years (2008 estimate) Female 38.5 years (2008 estimate) Male 40.9 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 51 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 6,199 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 1,959 people (1990) Literacy rateTotal 91.9 percent (2005 estimate) Female 88.7 percent (2005 estimate) Male 95.1 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP)...

• Kuwait Facts and Figures.

  Other 2 percent HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 77.5 years (2008 estimate) Female 78.7 years (2008 estimate) Male 76.4 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 9 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 656 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 455 people (2002) Literacy rateTotal 84.4 percent (2005 estimate) Female 82.9 percent (2005 estimate) Male 85.8 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national...

• Egypt Facts and Figures.

  Infant mortality rate 28 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 472 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 455 people (2003) Literacy rateTotal 59.3 percent (2005 estimate) Female 48.9 percent (2005 estimate) Male 69.4 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 4.1 percent (1999-2000) Number of years of compulsory schooling 8 years (2002-2003) Number of students per teacher, primary school 22 students per...

• Venezuela Facts and Figures.

  HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 73.5 years (2008 estimate) Female 76.7 years (2008 estimate) Male 70.4 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 22 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 516 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 1,250 people (2001) Literacy rateTotal 94 percent (2005 estimate) Female 93.8 percent (2005 estimate) Male 94.2 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 5.2...

• Nigeria Facts and Figures.

  Male 47.1 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 94 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 3,715 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 599 people (1990) Literacy rateTotal 70.7 percent (2005 estimate) Female 63.8 percent (2005 estimate) Male 77.8 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 0.7 percent (1999-2000) Number of years of compulsory schooling 9 years (2002-2003) Number of students per te...

• Saudi Arabia Facts and Figures.

  Male 74 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 12 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 727 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 455 people (2001) Literacy rateTotal 80.5 percent (2005 estimate) Female 73.3 percent (2005 estimate) Male 85.9 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 9.3 percent (1999-2000) Number of years of compulsory schooling 6 years (2002-2003) Number of students per teache...

• France Facts and Figures.

  Male 77.7 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 3 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 293 people (2006) Population per hospital bed 130 people (2003) Literacy rateTotal 99 percent (1995) Female Not available Male Not available Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 5.6 percent (2002-2003) Number of years of compulsory schooling 11 years (2002-2003) Number of students per teacher, primary school 19 students per teach...

• Cyprus Facts and Figures.

  Total 78.2 years (2008 estimate) Female 80.7 years (2008 estimate) Male 75.8 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 7 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 30 people (2006) Population per hospital bed 227 people (2002) Literacy rateTotal 98 percent (2005 estimate) Female 96.9 percent (2005 estimate) Male 99.1 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 6.4 percent (2002-2003) Number of years of co...

• Yellowknife (Northwest Territories) - Geography.

  VII HISTORY Indigenous nations have lived around Yellowknife Bay for thousands of years. The historic occupants were the Athapaskan-speaking Dogrib people, hunters of caribou.The Dogrib were displaced briefly in the early 19th century by the Yellowknife band of the Chipewyan nation, who moved into the area to participate in the fur trade.The bay, and eventually the city, were named for the Yellowknife band, whose name is believed to derive from their yellow knife blades hammered out of native...

• Art Deco I INTRODUCTION Art Deco Historic District The Art Deco Historic District is located at the southern end of Miami Beach, Florida.

  At the 1925 exposition several French masters unveiled work that created an international stir. Elegant inlaid wood furniture by Jacques Émile Ruhlmann, functionallacquerwork by Jean Dunand, silver jewelry by Jean Puiforcat, and glass vases by Lalique were hailed for their modernity and original lines. Ruhlmann designed a seriesof rooms for the exposition that had a far-reaching effect on American and European taste. Lalique later created a similarly streamlined decorative scheme for theluxuriou...

• Vietnam - country.

  E Natural Resources Vietnam’s most valuable natural resource is its land, particularly the fertile, alluvial soils in the Red and Mekong deltas. Some 29 percent of the land is currently beingcultivated. Vietnam has some valuable mineral resources, including gold, iron, tin, zinc, phosphate, chromite, apatite, and anthracite coal. Most deposits are located in the northernpart of the country. Few attempts were made to extract these minerals until the French takeover of Vietnam at the end of the 1...

• Cuba - country.

  Only two land mammals, the hutia, or cane rat, and the solenodon, a rare insectivore that resembles a rat, are known to be indigenous. The island has numerous batsand nearly 300 kinds of birds, including vultures, wild turkeys, quail, finches, gulls, macaws, parakeets, and hummingbirds. The bee hummingbird of Cuba is thesmallest bird in the world. Among the few reptiles are tortoises, caimans, the Cuban crocodile, and a species of boa that can attain a length of 3.7 m (12 ft). More than700 speci...

• Japan - country.

  island’s fertile soils support agriculture and provide the vast majority of Japan’s pasturelands. In addition, Hokkaidō contains coal deposits, and the cold currents off itsshores supply cold-water fish. Winters are long and harsh, so most of Hokkaid ō is lightly settled, housing about 5 percent of Japan’s population on approximately 20 percent of its land area. However,its snowy winters and unspoiled natural beauty attract many skiers and tourists. Hokkaid ō is thought of as Japan’s northern fr...

• Yemen - country.

  port. Al Ḩudaydah (155,110), in the Tih āmah, is the second largest port. Ta‘izz, (178,043), in the highlands above Aden, is an important commercial and light industrialcenter. Among Yemen’s larger towns are Şa‘dah, far to the north; Dham ār, Yarim, and Ibb, in the middle region; Al Mukall ā, on the southern coast; and in Hadhramaut,the towns of Shib ām, Say‘ ūn, and Tar īm. C Language Nearly all Yemenis speak Arabic. However, the country’s extremely rugged terrain, widely separated population...

• Armenia (country) - country.

  because of ethnic tension brought on by a secessionist conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, a region inhabited predominantly by Armenians in western Azerbaijan. In thereverse direction, many Armenian refugees entered Armenia from Azerbaijan during the conflict. Armenia’s official state language is Armenian, an Indo-European language with no surviving close relatives. It has a unique 38-letter alphabet that dates from the early5th century. Of its many spoken dialects, the most important are Eastern or Y...

• Latin American Independence.

  be inferior and were not permitted a university education. In the lowest caste were the African slaves. As the Spanish monarchy tried to increase its authority, it was hampered by the power of the Catholic Church. The church, including various religious orders, hadacquired great wealth, including large holdings of land, in the colonies. The Jesuit order especially had gained extraordinary wealth and political influence, and it alsocontrolled much of the university and high school education in th...

• Puerto Rico - geography.

  the length of the day remains fairly constant throughout the year. San Juan has a mean July temperature of 28°C (83°F) and a mean January temperature of 25°C (77°F). The average temperature of the seawater surrounding theisland is 27°C (81°F), with little variation during the course of the year. The entire island is cooled by the trade winds from the northeast. This air also contains much water vapor. As the air is forced to rise over the mountains, it becomescooler and the water vapor condenses...

• Labor Union.

  B The Legal Environment The legal environment, which permits certain types of union activities and prohibits others, also influences the extent of union organization. States with right-to-worklaws have much lower unionization rates than other states. In the United States, the states with the lowest unionization rates are North Carolina, South Carolina, SouthDakota, and Arkansas—states that have right-to-work laws. In 2000 the unionization rate in these states ranged from 4.44 percent to 6.7 per...

• Census.

  Prior to any census, a census agency must develop an accurate list of addresses and maps to ensure that everyone is counted. The U.S. Census Bureau obtainsaddresses primarily from the United States Postal Service and from previous census address lists. It also works closely with state, local, and tribal governments tocompile accurate lists. Finally, census agencies often conduct an extensive marketing campaign before Census Day to remind the general population about theimportance of responding t...

• Colonialism and Colonies.

  by plundering the riches of existing civilizations in the Americas and by seizing the area’s mineral wealth through mining. These practices were promoted by the policy of mercantilism that many European colonial powers adopted. Those who advocated mercantilism believed that exports toforeign countries were preferable both to trade within a country and to imports because exports brought more money into the country. They also believed that thewealth of a nation depended primarily on the possession...

• Colonialism and Colonies .

  by plundering the riches of existing civilizations in the Americas and by seizing the area’s mineral wealth through mining. These practices were promoted by the policy of mercantilism that many European colonial powers adopted. Those who advocated mercantilism believed that exports toforeign countries were preferable both to trade within a country and to imports because exports brought more money into the country. They also believed that thewealth of a nation depended primarily on the possession...

• Chiang Kai-shek - History.

  Even one of Chiang's allied commanders, Zhang Xueliang, who had been expelled from Manchuria after the Mukden Incident, came to doubt the wisdom of Chiang'sapproach. In 1936 Zhang held Chiang prisoner in Xi'an until Chiang agreed to join the Communists in an allied front against Japan. Chiang later denied making anyagreement. On July 7, 1937, near the Marco Polo Bridge on the outskirts of Beijing, a Chinese patrol and Japanese troops on a training exercise clashed, and full-scalewar broke out be...

• Belgium - country.

  European Union (EU) directives aimed at improving Belgium’s environmental conditions concern water treatment and water quality, both significant issues in such anindustrial center. Before these directives were issued, the Meuse River, a major source of drinking water, had become polluted from steel production wastes. Otherrivers were polluted with animal wastes and fertilizers. However, Belgium failed to meet EU targets set for the early 2000s for protecting its rivers from farm pollutionand for...

• Republic of Indonesia - country.

  Mahakam in East Kalimantan and the Martapura and Barito in South Kalimantan. Most of these rivers originate in the island’s central massif (mountain mass) and meander through extensive swamps as they approach the coast. Settlements such as Samarinda and Banjarmasin cluster along the rivers, which serve ascommunication routes into the interior. The largest rivers on Sumatra drain from west to east into the Strait of Malacca. In the north, the Asahan River once linked trade between the Batak peo...

• Hungary - country.

  Northern Hungary lacks sufficient water, especially between July and October, when precipitation levels are typically low. Canals irrigate the Great Hungarian Plain,which is subject to drought. Because of the country’s mainly flat terrain, only limited water resources can be harnessed for hydroelectric power. F Environmental Issues Rapid industrialization in Hungary following World War II contributed significantly to a number of major environmental problems, including air, water, and soil pollu...

• Uzbekistan - country.

  E Environmental Issues The evaporation of the Aral Sea is one of the worst ecological disasters in the world. The Aral has shrunk so much that it now holds only about one-fifth the volume ofwater it held in 1960. The shrinkage is due to irrigation withdrawals from the Amu Darya and Syr Darya, a practice that began on a massive scale in the early 1960s aspart of the Soviet Union’s ill-conceived drive to increase cotton yields in Central Asia. Growing cotton in the naturally arid and saline soil...

• Thailand - country.

  E Natural Resources Thailand possesses a range of mineral resources. Tin is mined in the peninsula. Important gemstones, such as sapphires, are found in the southeast, and coal reserves,particularly lignite, are in the north. Fish are abundant in rivers and coastal waters. In addition to being consumed domestically, fish are also exported. F Climate Thailand experiences a typical monsoon climate. Winds blow from the northeast during the winter months of October to March or April (known as the...

• Russian Revolutions of 1917 (Histoire) .

  as Marxists. They believed that the working class—with its struggles to organize trade unions and to bring about political reforms of benefit to the majority ofpeople—would become the primary force for revolutionary change. The Russian Marxists formed the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP) in 1898. By 1903,however, the RSDLP had split into two factions. The faction called the Bolsheviks (from the Russian word for “majority”), led by Vladimir Ilich Lenin, favored a more centralized a...

• Colombia - country.

  In Bogotá the average high temperature in January is 20°C (68°F), and in July the average high is 19°C (65°F). The highs for the same months in Barranquilla are 32°C(89°F) and 33°C (91°F). Throughout the year, three-month periods of rain and dry weather alternate. Along the Pacific coast precipitation is heavy. At Bogotá the annual rainfall averages about1,060 mm (about 42 in), and in Barranquilla it averages about 800 mm (about 32 in). Dry weather prevails on the slopes of the Cordillera Orient...

• Italy - country.

  C Natural Resources Italy is poor in natural resources. Much of the land is unsuitable for agriculture because of mountainous terrain or unfavorable climate. Italy, moreover, lacks substantialdeposits of basic natural resources such as coal, iron, and petroleum. Natural gas is the country’s most important mineral resource. Other deposits include feldspar andpumice. Many of Italy’s mineral deposits on the islands of Sicily and Sardinia had been heavily depleted by the early 1990s. Italy is rich...

• Chile - country.

  D Plant and Animal Life The indigenous plant life of Chile varies according to climatic zone. Plant life in the northern region includes brambles and cactus and has little variety. Here, theAtacama provides one of the best examples on Earth of an absolute desert. The more humid Central Valley supports several species of cacti, espino (a thorny shrub),grasses, and the Chilean pine, which bears edible nuts. Dense rain forests are located south of Valdivia with laurel, magnolia, false beech, and v...

• African American History - U.

  In their day-to-day lives, slaves and servants shared similar grievances and frequently formed alliances. Advertisements seeking the return of slaves and servants whohad run away together filled colonial newspapers. When a slave named Charles escaped in 1740, the Pennsylvania Gazette reported that two white servants, a 'Scotch man' and an Englishman, escaped with him. Sometimes interracial alliances involved violence. During Bacon's Rebellion in 1676, slaves and servants took up armsagainst Na...

• Québec - Geography.

  facilities. Tributaries south of the St. Lawrence include the Richelieu, the Saint-François, and the Chaudière rivers, which are only a few hundred kilometers long. TheRimouski and Matane rivers, also south of the St. Lawrence, are popular areas for recreation and salmon fishing. In the Canadian Shield, the longest rivers are theRupert, Eastmain, Grande Baleine, and La Grand-Rivière, which is the site of a huge hydroelectric complex. C Coastlines Québec has two systems of saltwater coastline. O...

• Québec - Canadian History.

  facilities. Tributaries south of the St. Lawrence include the Richelieu, the Saint-François, and the Chaudière rivers, which are only a few hundred kilometers long. TheRimouski and Matane rivers, also south of the St. Lawrence, are popular areas for recreation and salmon fishing. In the Canadian Shield, the longest rivers are theRupert, Eastmain, Grande Baleine, and La Grand-Rivière, which is the site of a huge hydroelectric complex. C Coastlines Québec has two systems of saltwater coastline. O...

• Wisconsin (state) - geography.

  -6° C (22° F) in the southeast, along the Lake Michigan shore. During winter extremely cold weather persists for several weeks at a time. C2 Precipitation Average annual precipitation ranges from 700 to 800 mm (28 to 32 in). Rainfall is generally heaviest during the spring and summer, and snowfall is generally moderatein the south, but can be quite heavy in the north. Thunderstorms, sometimes accompanied by devastating tornadoes, are common in spring and summer, particularly inthe southern part...

• Wisconsin (state) - USA History.

  -6° C (22° F) in the southeast, along the Lake Michigan shore. During winter extremely cold weather persists for several weeks at a time. C2 Precipitation Average annual precipitation ranges from 700 to 800 mm (28 to 32 in). Rainfall is generally heaviest during the spring and summer, and snowfall is generally moderatein the south, but can be quite heavy in the north. Thunderstorms, sometimes accompanied by devastating tornadoes, are common in spring and summer, particularly inthe southern part...

• American Revolution.

  C1 The South Southern agriculture was founded on the cultivation of tobacco, wheat, and corn in Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina, and of rice and indigo (a blue dye) in SouthCarolina and Georgia. There was a large demand for these crops in Europe. These crops were cultivated with the help of black slaves imported from Africa. The whiteplanter class in the South was the most powerful, both politically and economically. C2 The North Wheat was the main cash crop of the mid-Atlantic colonies...

• American Revolution - U.

  C1 The South Southern agriculture was founded on the cultivation of tobacco, wheat, and corn in Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina, and of rice and indigo (a blue dye) in SouthCarolina and Georgia. There was a large demand for these crops in Europe. These crops were cultivated with the help of black slaves imported from Africa. The whiteplanter class in the South was the most powerful, both politically and economically. C2 The North Wheat was the main cash crop of the mid-Atlantic colonies...