96 résultats pour "australia"
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Republic of Indonesia - country.
Mahakam in East Kalimantan and the Martapura and Barito in South Kalimantan. Most of these rivers originate in the island’s central massif (mountain mass) and meander through extensive swamps as they approach the coast. Settlements such as Samarinda and Banjarmasin cluster along the rivers, which serve ascommunication routes into the interior. The largest rivers on Sumatra drain from west to east into the Strait of Malacca. In the north, the Asahan River once linked trade between the Batak peo...
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Amphibian (animal) - biology.
strong enough to kill potential predators. C Hearing, Vision, and Vocalizations Amphibians rely on their senses to find food and evade predators. Amphibians lack external ears but have well-developed internal ears. Hearing is most acute in frogs,which typically have a middle ear cavity for transferring sound vibrations from the eardrum, or tympanum, to the inner ear. Frogs and toads also use their keen hearingin communicating with one another. Using a true voice box, or larynx, and a large, exp...
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Tennis.
and interpret rules. The head official on the court, called the chair umpire, sits on a tall chair at one end of the net. A varying number of line judges sit around the courtbeyond the path of the players. Line judges determine whether serves and shots are good or out. A net-cord judge may be employed to determine when a ball touchesthe top of the net, and a foot-fault judge may watch for that specific infraction. In the 1980s electronic devices began to be used in some professional tournaments...
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Lointaine, immense, aride, l'Australie concentre ses forces
vives dans le sud-est du pays.
eucalyptus et les araucarias, forêt tropicale dense au nord. Mais, très vite, la forêt s'éclaircit, passe à une forêt claire, à une savane ponctuée d'arbres adaptés à la sécheresse (acacia), puis à la steppe, le scrub , et enfin au désert avec un tapis végétal clairsemé, formé de touffes de spinifex, une herbe acérée et tranchante. On a découvert en 1995, en Nouvelle-Galles du Sud, dans une « niche écologique », des colonies d'arbres dont les plus proches parents auraient...
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Camel - biology.
of water in the stomach or hump as was once commonly believed. Unlike other mammals, however, the camel can survive as long as three weeks without drinking,depending on the water content of its food. It can survive a water loss of about 40 percent of its normal body weight. In comparison, a loss of 15 percent is usually fatalfor humans. Camels can go without water due to several unique adaptations to their environment. The camel conserves more water in its body than any other mammal. It excretes...
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East Timor - country.
members are designated by the Superior Council for the Judiciary. This council is the organ of management and discipline of judges and is responsible for judiciaryappointments, transfers, and promotions. VI HISTORY Timor was a destination on ancient Chinese trade routes and was particularly known for its sandalwood. The Portuguese began colonizing Timor in the early 16thcentury as European trade and influence expanded in the region. They exploited Timor for its forest products and spices, and...
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Poverty.
economic and demographic trends, and (7) welfare incentives. A Overpopulation Overpopulation, the situation of having large numbers of people with too few resources and too little space, is closely associated with poverty. It can result from highpopulation density (the ratio of people to land area, usually expressed as numbers of persons per square kilometer or square mile) or from low amounts of resources, or from both. Excessively high population densities put stress on available resources....
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Marshall Islands Facts and Figures.
Male 100 percent (1980) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 9.1 percent (2002-2003) Number of years of compulsory schooling 9 years (2000) Number of students per teacher, primary school 17 students per teacher (2001-2002) GOVERNMENTForm of governmentRepublic Voting qualifications Universal at age 18 Constitution 1 May 1979 Armed forcesTotal number of military personnel Not available Military expenditures as a share of gross domestic product (GDP) Not avail...
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Los seis continentes - (exposé en espagnol).
La cumbre más elevada es el Kilimanjaro, con casi 5.600 m de altitud. El río Nilo (algo más de 6.670 km de longitud) es el más largo de este continente ¡y del mundo! El país más extenso es Sudán, y el más poblado es Nigeria, donde se localiza Lagos, una inmensa ciudad que, junto con El Cairo (Egipto), destaca por su población: ambas aglomeraciones tienen unos 15 millones de habitantes. ANTÁRTIDA, EL MÁS HELADO La Antártida es el cuarto continente más grande del planeta. Es el único qu...
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Aves no voladoras - ciencias de la naturaleza.
Argentina National Tourist Office/Library of Natural Sounds, Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology. Reservados todos los derechos. Las 18 especies de pingüinos se han adaptado a vivir en el medio acuático. Suele decirse que vuelan bajo el agua, su verdadero medio natural. Viven en las áreas frías delhemisferio sur, alimentándose de grandes cantidades de pescado y krill. Tienen una cubierta de plumas densa y una gruesa capa de grasa bajo la piel que los protege tantodel frío como de la sal marina. Su...
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Ecosistema - ciencias de la naturaleza.
Todos los medios y ecosistemas naturales se enfrentan ahora a una dificultad sin precedentes: la humanidad. El ser humano ha comprimido en unos pocos siglos cambiosque en su ausencia hubiesen exigido miles o millones de años. Las consecuencias de estos cambios están todavía por ver. A continuación se describen los impactos másimportantes de la actividad de los seres humanos sobre los ecosistemas ( véase Impacto ambiental). 4.1 Destrucción y fragmentación de hábitats La influencia más directa...
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Tuvalu - country.
Funafuti has a town council, and each of the other islands except Niulakita has an island council. Members of these councils are directly elected to four-year terms. Tuvalu is active in regional affairs. It is a member of the South Pacific Commission, an advisory body of Western and Pacific nations promoting social stability in theSouth Pacific, and the South Pacific Forum, a regional organization that addresses the foreign affairs and international trade of its member countries. Tuvalu became a...
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radioastronomie - astronomie.
Des pouvoirs de résolution encore plus élevés peuvent être atteints en espaçant les antennes sur des milliers de kilomètres. Mais il devient alors plus difficile de transmettredirectement les signaux de chaque antenne en un lieu de traitement commun : les signaux captés par chaque antenne sont donc enregistrés, puis expédiés vers un centrede traitement informatique. Cette technique d'interférométrie à très large base (VLBI, pour Very Long Baseline Interferometry) requiert l'utilisation d'horloge...
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Gymnastics.
harmoniously with the equipment to perform a graceful and error-free routine. There are also two team events in which five competitors perform together. At thehighest international levels, rhythmic gymnastics is judged on a 30-point scale rather than with the traditional 10-point scoring system. IV TRAMPOLINE Trampoline first appeared in the Olympics as a medal sport at the 2000 Games in Sydney, Australia, with a men’s individual event and a women’s individual event.Contestants bounce up and d...
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Vanuatu - country.
and Luganville. V GOVERNMENT Vanuatu is governed under a constitution that came into effect with the republic’s independence in 1980. The president of Vanuatu serves as head of state, a largelyceremonial office. The president is elected by Vanuatu’s parliament and the heads of regional government councils. The parliament, or legislature, is a single-chamberbody whose membership has increased several times since independence; in 1998 the parliament had 52 members. Members of parliament are chose...
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Sailing.
the sails sweep across the decks of the vessel from one side to the other, and also because of the danger of breaking spars. In wild jibing, control can be lostmomentarily and, if the seas are high, a small boat can broach —that is, veer on its side with danger of swamping or capsizing. An unintentional jibe in a heavy wind frequently has enough force to break the masts of a vessel. When jibing intentionally, careful sailors always haul in on the boom while turning, so that the boom willtravel...
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Plate Tectonics.
ridges. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is an underwater mountain range created at a divergent plate boundary in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. It is part of a worldwidesystem of ridges made by seafloor spreading. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is currently spreading at a rate of 2.5 cm per year (1 in per year). The mid-ocean ridges today are60,000 km (about 40,000 mi) long, forming the largest continuous mountain chain on earth. Earthquakes, faults, underwater volcanic eruptions, and vents, oropenings, along...
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Frog (animal).
which means that their body temperature depends on the temperature of the surrounding environment. Few species can tolerate temperatures below 4°C (40°F) orabove 40°C (104°F), and many species can survive only within a narrower range of temperatures. In addition, frogs’ thin, moist skin offers little protection againstwater loss, and when on land the animals must guard against drying out. Many frogs are active at night because temperatures are cooler and humidity is higher thanduring the day. In...
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Frog (animal) - biology.
which means that their body temperature depends on the temperature of the surrounding environment. Few species can tolerate temperatures below 4°C (40°F) orabove 40°C (104°F), and many species can survive only within a narrower range of temperatures. In addition, frogs’ thin, moist skin offers little protection againstwater loss, and when on land the animals must guard against drying out. Many frogs are active at night because temperatures are cooler and humidity is higher thanduring the day. In...
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Criminal Punishment.
In the United States and Canada, younger offenders may be sentenced to highly regimented, military-style correctional programs known as boot camps. Generally,offenders volunteer to participate in boot camp programs to avoid other types of incarceration. At boot camps, officials subject offenders to strict discipline and physicaltraining. They also provide educational or vocational programs. Boot camps serve as an alternative to traditional, long-term incarceration and attempt to train offenderst...
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Mammal - biology.
On land, mammals live in many different habitats, and at a wide range of altitudes. Many mammals dig burrows as refuges or as places to raise their young, but somehave developed a largely subterranean lifestyle, feeding on small animals or plant roots beneath the soil's surface. These animals, including moles and mole-rats, digthrough the ground either with spadelike front paws or with their teeth, and they detect danger by being highly sensitive to vibrations transmitted through the soil.Most m...
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Colonialism and Colonies.
by plundering the riches of existing civilizations in the Americas and by seizing the area’s mineral wealth through mining. These practices were promoted by the policy of mercantilism that many European colonial powers adopted. Those who advocated mercantilism believed that exports toforeign countries were preferable both to trade within a country and to imports because exports brought more money into the country. They also believed that thewealth of a nation depended primarily on the possession...
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Colonialism and Colonies .
by plundering the riches of existing civilizations in the Americas and by seizing the area’s mineral wealth through mining. These practices were promoted by the policy of mercantilism that many European colonial powers adopted. Those who advocated mercantilism believed that exports toforeign countries were preferable both to trade within a country and to imports because exports brought more money into the country. They also believed that thewealth of a nation depended primarily on the possession...
- Cricket World Cup Winners.
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- Cricket World Cup Winners This competition was first held in 1975.
- Field Hockey World Cup.
- Field Hockey World Cup Field Hockey World Cup (Men).
- Long Course World Records.
- Long Course World Records.
- America's Cup.
- America's Cup In 1851, the U.
- Blumberg, Baruch S.
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- Blumberg, Baruch S.
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Aves no voladoras - ciencias de la naturaleza.
Argentina National Tourist Office/Library of Natural Sounds, Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology. Reservados todos los derechos. Las 18 especies de pingüinos se han adaptado a vivir en el medio acuático. Suele decirse que vuelan bajo el agua, su verdadero medio natural. Viven en las áreas frías delhemisferio sur, alimentándose de grandes cantidades de pescado y krill. Tienen una cubierta de plumas densa y una gruesa capa de grasa bajo la piel que los protege tantodel frío como de la sal marina. Su...
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Nauru Facts and Figures.
Population per physician Not available Population per hospital bed Not available Literacy rateTotal Not available Female Not available Male Not available Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) Not available Number of years of compulsory schooling 11 years (2001-2002) Number of students per teacher, primary school 23 students per teacher (1998-1999) GOVERNMENTForm of government Republic Voting qualifications Universal and compulsory at age 20 Constitution 3...
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Samoa Facts and Figures.
Female 99.7 percent (2005 estimate) Male 99.7 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 4.5 percent (2001-2002) Number of years of compulsory schooling 10 years (2000) Number of students per teacher, primary school 27 students per teacher (2002-2003) GOVERNMENTForm of government Constitutional monarchy Voting qualifications Universal at age 21 Constitution 1 January 1962; amended 1997 Armed forcesTotal number of military personnel Not ava...
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Amphibians.
AN AMPHIBIAN’S LIFE Amphibians that live in cold places spend most of their time trying to keep wet and warm. In hot places,they try to keep wet and cool and usually come out only at night. During the day, they stay under rocksor logs or in the ground. Amphibians hibernate (become inactive) during cold winters. They become inactive in hot places during the summer. Almost all grown-up amphibians are meat eaters. Frogs and salamanders have sticky tongues. They flickout their tongues to catch ins...
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South Africa Wins Rugby World Cup.
“Shosholoza,” a ballad sung by black workers. On the eve of opening day the team requested a tour of Robben Island. More than 60,000 people at Ellis Park—including a jersey-clad Mandela—watched the Springboks score an unlikely first-round victory over Australia, winners ofthe previous World Cup in 1991. Few sightings of the former national flag were reported. In the neighboring black township of Soweto, residents watched the gameon television, even though the Springboks' first and only black...
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The Four-Minute Mile.
The nervous runners false-started once before setting off cleanly. As planned, Chris Brasher led Bannister through the first half-mile. After a half lap (200 meters),Bannister called out to his teammate: “Faster! Faster!” Accelerating, the runners sped through the first quarter-mile in 57.5 seconds-ahead of pace. At 600 meters,Stampfl shouted from the infield: “Relax! Relax!” Running smoothly behind Brasher, Bannister reached the half-mile mark in 1 min 58.2 sec. Chataway sprinted into the l...
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Euthanasia.
permission from the family. B In Other Countries In 1995 the Northern Territory of Australia became the first jurisdiction to explicitly legalize voluntary active euthanasia. However, the federal parliament of Australiaoverturned the law in 1997. In 2001 The Netherlands became the first country to legalize active euthanasia and assisted suicide, formalizing medical practices that thegovernment had tolerated for years. Under the Dutch law, euthanasia is justified (not legally punishable) if the...
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Paleolithic Art
I
INTRODUCTION
Cave Painting, Lascaux
This portion of a cave painting in what is now Lascaux, France, was done by Paleolithic artists about 13,000 bc.
Venus of WillendorfThis so-called Venus figurine from the area of Willendorf, Austria, is one of the earliest known examples of sculpture,dating from about 23,000 bc. The figure, which is carved out of limestone, is only 11.25 cm (4.5 in) high, and wasprobably designed to be held in the hand. It is believed the Venus may be a fertility symbol, which would explain theexaggerated female anatomy.Ali Meyer/Bridgeman Art Library, London/New York Paleolithic art usually is classified as either figura...
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Radio Astronomy - astronomy.
equivalent to the apparent angular dimensions of a basketball at the distance of the moon. In 1984, the U.S. government appropriated funds for the construction of aninstallation called the very long baseline array (VLBA), a network of 10 radio antennas spread from the U.S.-Canadian border to Puerto Rico and from Hawaii to the U.S.Atlantic coast. The VLBA is expected to provide angular resolutions in the range of 200-millionths of an arc second. Canada and Australia are both planning similarprogr...
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Medical Ethics.
medical profession. In recent years, however, the field of medical ethics has struggled to keep pace with the many complex issues raised by new technologies for creating and sustaininglife. Artificial-respiration devices, kidney dialysis, and other machines can keep patients alive who previously would have succumbed to their illnesses or injuries.Advances in organ transplantation have brought new hope to those afflicted with diseased organs. New techniques have enabled prospective parents to con...
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Europe .
D Vegetation Although much of Europe, particularly the west, was originally covered by forest, the vegetation has been transformed by human habitation and the clearing of land.Only in the most northerly mountains and in parts of north central European Russia has the forest cover been relatively unaffected by human activity. On the otherhand, a considerable amount of Europe is covered by woodland that has been planted or has reoccupied cleared lands. The largest vegetation zone in Europe, cuttin...
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Europe - Geography.
D Vegetation Although much of Europe, particularly the west, was originally covered by forest, the vegetation has been transformed by human habitation and the clearing of land.Only in the most northerly mountains and in parts of north central European Russia has the forest cover been relatively unaffected by human activity. On the otherhand, a considerable amount of Europe is covered by woodland that has been planted or has reoccupied cleared lands. The largest vegetation zone in Europe, cuttin...
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Library (institution).
rooms, special galleries for exhibitions, auditoriums for lectures or concerts, computer rooms, children’s rooms, photocopy rooms, and classrooms. A3 Lending Materials As part of their mission to provide information resources to the community, public libraries allow users to borrow items from their collections for limited amounts of time.To be eligible to borrow public library materials, a user must register her or his name, address, and other basic information with the local library’s circulat...