589 résultats pour "political"

• Thailand Facts and Figures.

  HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 72.8 years (2008 estimate) Female 75.3 years (2008 estimate) Male 70.5 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 18 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 3,324 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 455 people (1999) Literacy rateTotal 96.4 percent (2005 estimate) Female 95.1 percent (2005 estimate) Male 97.7 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 5....

• Colombia Facts and Figures.

  Other 1 percent HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 72.5 years (2008 estimate) Female 76.5 years (2008 estimate) Male 68.7 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 20 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 741 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 909 people (2003) Literacy rateTotal 93 percent (2005 estimate) Female 93.1 percent (2005 estimate) Male 92.9 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national p...

• Egypt Facts and Figures.

  Infant mortality rate 28 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 472 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 455 people (2003) Literacy rateTotal 59.3 percent (2005 estimate) Female 48.9 percent (2005 estimate) Male 69.4 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 4.1 percent (1999-2000) Number of years of compulsory schooling 8 years (2002-2003) Number of students per teacher, primary school 22 students per...

• Australia Facts and Figures.

  HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 80.7 years (2008 estimate) Female 83.8 years (2008 estimate) Male 77.9 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 5 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 401 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 135 people (2002) Literacy rateTotal 100 percent (1995) Female Not available Male Not available Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 5 percent (2002-2003) Number of years of com...

• Italy Facts and Figures.

  Population per hospital bed 227 people (2002) Literacy rateTotal 98.8 percent (2005 estimate) Female 98.4 percent (2005 estimate) Male 99.1 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 4.8 percent (2002-2003) Number of years of compulsory schooling 9 years (2001-2002) Number of students per teacher, primary school 11 students per teacher (2002-2003) GOVERNMENTForm of government Republic Head of state President Head of government Prime mini...

• Mexico Facts and Figures.

  HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 75.8 years (2008 estimate) Female 78.8 years (2008 estimate) Male 73 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 19 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 583 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 1,000 people (2003) Literacy rateTotal 92.7 percent (2005 estimate) Female 91.2 percent (2005 estimate) Male 94.4 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 5.4...

• Germany Facts and Figures.

  Nonreligious 17 percent Other 7 percent HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 79.1 years (2008 estimate) Female 82.3 years (2008 estimate) Male 76.1 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 4 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 291 people (2006) Population per hospital bed 112 people (2002) Literacy rateTotal 99 percent (1995) Female Not available Male Not available Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 4...

• Belgium Facts and Figures.

  Muslims 4 percent Nonreligious 6 percent Other 8 percent HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 79.1 years (2008 estimate) Female 82.4 years (2008 estimate) Male 75.9 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 5 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 236 people (2006) Population per hospital bed 145 people (2002) Literacy rateTotal 99 percent (1995) Female Not available Male Not available Education expenditure as a share of gross natio...

• United Kingdom Facts and Figures.

  Muslim 2.7 percent Hindu, Sikh, Jewish, Buddhist 2.4 percent Nonreligious 15.5 percent Other and not stated 7.8 percent *2001 Census HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 78.8 years (2008 estimate) Female 81.5 years (2008 estimate) Male 76.4 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 5 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 601 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 238 people (2003) Literacy rateTotal 99 percent (1995) Female Not...

• United States Facts and Figures.

  HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 78.1 years (2008 estimate) Female 81.1 years (2008 estimate) Male 75.3 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 6 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 375 people (2005) Population per hospital bed 370 people (2005) Literacy rateTotal 99.5 percent (1995) Female Not available Male Not available Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 4.9 percent (2000-2001) Number of years of...

• Chile Facts and Figures.

  Other 10 percent HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 77.2 years (2008 estimate) Female 80.6 years (2008 estimate) Male 73.9 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 8 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 916 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 385 people (2002) Literacy rateTotal 96.5 percent (2005 estimate) Female 96.4 percent (2005 estimate) Male 96.6 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national...

• Venezuela Facts and Figures.

  HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 73.5 years (2008 estimate) Female 76.7 years (2008 estimate) Male 70.4 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 22 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 516 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 1,250 people (2001) Literacy rateTotal 94 percent (2005 estimate) Female 93.8 percent (2005 estimate) Male 94.2 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 5.2...

• Spain Facts and Figures.

  Other 3 percent HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 79.9 years (2008 estimate) Female 83.5 years (2008 estimate) Male 76.6 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 4 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 313 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 263 people (2003) Literacy rateTotal 98.1 percent (2005 estimate) Female 97.4 percent (2005 estimate) Male 98.8 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national...

• Lithuania - country.

  pollution. III PEOPLE Ethnic Lithuanians constitute about 80 percent of the country’s population. The proportion of Lithuanians increased slightly in the first years after the dissolution of theSoviet Union—many Lithuanians returned to their homeland from that country and abroad while some Russians, Ukrainians, and Belarusians left the country. Russiansand Poles constitute the country’s largest minority groups, each accounting for roughly 7 percent of the population. Jews were the largest mino...

• Austria Facts and Figures.

  HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 79.4 years (2008 estimate) Female 82.4 years (2008 estimate) Male 76.5 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 5 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 273 people (2006) Population per hospital bed 121 people (2003) Literacy rateTotal 99 percent (1995) Female Not available Male Not available Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 5.8 percent (2002-2003) Number of years of co...

• Nigeria Facts and Figures.

  Male 47.1 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 94 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 3,715 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 599 people (1990) Literacy rateTotal 70.7 percent (2005 estimate) Female 63.8 percent (2005 estimate) Male 77.8 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 0.7 percent (1999-2000) Number of years of compulsory schooling 9 years (2002-2003) Number of students per te...

• Ronald Reagan.

  deposed shah of Iran to enter the United States for medical treatment, a group of Iranian revolutionaries stormed the U.S. Embassy in Tehrān and held 53 Americansas hostages. United States media publicized the plight of the hostages and Carter’s failure to win their release. They were eventually released in January 1981, on theday of Reagan’s inauguration. The contrast between the television personalities of the two candidates was also very important. Carter’s stiff, nervous manner had never bee...

• Ronald Reagan - USA History.

  deposed shah of Iran to enter the United States for medical treatment, a group of Iranian revolutionaries stormed the U.S. Embassy in Tehrān and held 53 Americansas hostages. United States media publicized the plight of the hostages and Carter’s failure to win their release. They were eventually released in January 1981, on theday of Reagan’s inauguration. The contrast between the television personalities of the two candidates was also very important. Carter’s stiff, nervous manner had never bee...

• Malaysia Facts and Figures.

  Other 6 percent HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 73 years (2008 estimate) Female 75.9 years (2008 estimate) Male 70.3 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 16 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 1,425 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 526 people (2001) Literacy rateTotal 89.9 percent (2005 estimate) Female 86.8 percent (2005 estimate) Male 93 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national p...

• Brazil Facts and Figures.

  HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 72.5 years (2008 estimate) Female 76.6 years (2008 estimate) Male 68.6 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 27 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 486 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 370 people (2002) Literacy rateTotal 87.1 percent (2005 estimate) Female 87.5 percent (2005 estimate) Male 86.7 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 4 pe...

• Saudi Arabia Facts and Figures.

  Male 74 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 12 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 727 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 455 people (2001) Literacy rateTotal 80.5 percent (2005 estimate) Female 73.3 percent (2005 estimate) Male 85.9 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 9.3 percent (1999-2000) Number of years of compulsory schooling 6 years (2002-2003) Number of students per teache...

• China Facts and Figures.

  Other 34 percent HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 73.2 years (2008 estimate) Female 75.2 years (2008 estimate) Male 71.4 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 21 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 662 people (2005) Population per hospital bed 408 people (2005) Literacy rateTotal 87.3 percent (2005 estimate) Female 80.6 percent (2005 estimate) Male 93.7 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross nationa...

• Israel Facts and Figures.

  HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 79.7 years (2008 estimate) Female 82 years (2008 estimate) Male 77.6 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 7 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 273 people (2006) Population per hospital bed 164 people (2003) Literacy rateTotal 96 percent (2005 estimate) Female 94.4 percent (2005 estimate) Male 97.6 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 7.8 perce...

• Pakistan Facts and Figures.

  HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 64.1 years (2008 estimate) Female 65.2 years (2008 estimate) Male 63.1 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 67 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 1,353 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 1,429 people (2003) Literacy rateTotal 47.4 percent (2005 estimate) Female 32.4 percent (2005 estimate) Male 61.4 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP)...

• German Literature I INTRODUCTION German Literature, literature written in the German language from the 8th century to the present, and including the works of German, Austrian, and Swiss authors.

  Till EulenspiegelThe medieval peasant Till Eulenspiegel appears in many German folktales as a trickster who outwits people in positions ofauthority. In this image his first name is spelled Tyll.Keystone Pressedienst GmbH The rise of the middle class in the 14th and 15th centuries and the struggles of the peasants against the nobility culminated in the great 16th-century religiousrevolution known as the Reformation. This movement was reflected in literature, especially by Martin Luther, whose tra...

• Iran Facts and Figures.

  Shiite Muslim 93 percent Sunni Muslim 6 percent Zoroastrian, Jewish, Christian, and Baha'i 1 percent HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 70.9 years (2008 estimate) Female 72.4 years (2008 estimate) Male 69.4 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 37 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 2,223 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 625 people (2001) Literacy rateTotal 81.3 percent (2005 estimate) Female 75.2 percent (2005 estimate...

• Guatemala - country.

  C Climate The climate of Guatemala varies according to elevation, from hot coastal plains to cold mountain heights. Most of the population lives between 900 and 2,400 m (3,000and 8,000 ft) above sea level, where there are warm days and cool nights with average annual temperatures of 20°C (68°F). The coastal regions are hot and humid,with average annual temperatures of 28°C (83°F). A rainy season, from May through October, is sometimes called “winter” because it brings cloudy afternoons andlower...

• Russia Facts and Figures.

  Nonreligious 28 percent Other 7 percent HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 65.9 years (2008 estimate) Female 73.1 years (2008 estimate) Male 59.2 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 11 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 232 people (2006) Population per hospital bed 95 people (2003) Literacy rateTotal 99.6 percent (2005 estimate) Female 99.6 percent (2005 estimate) Male 99.7 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as...

• Pan-Africanism - history.

  Edward Wilmot BlydenEdward Wilmot Blyden (1832-1912) was an early proponent of Pan-Africanism and a leading black intellectual and scholar of Africanculture. Born in the Virgin Islands, Blyden moved to the West African nation of Liberia in 1851 and promoted the repatriation of freeAmerican blacks to Liberia. He hoped that Liberia, as an independent black-ruled nation, would become a beacon of Pan-Africanism,displaying the great achievements of Africans and people of African descent.Library of Co...

• Indonesia Facts and Figures.

  Buddhist 1 percent Other 1 percent HEALTH AND EDUCATIONLife expectancy Total 70.5 years (2008 estimate) Female 73.1 years (2008 estimate) Male 68 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 31 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 6,159 people (2004) Population per hospital bed 167 people (1998) Literacy rateTotal 89.5 percent (2005 estimate) Female 85.6 percent (2005 estimate) Male 93.6 percent (2005 estimate) Education expenditure as a sh...

• Latvia - country.

  The population of Latvia is about 2,245,423 (2008 estimate), yielding an average population density of 35 persons per sq km (91 per sq mi). Latvia is highly urbanized.Some 66 percent of the population lives in urban areas, with nearly one-third of the total population residing in the capital, Rīga. Other important cities includeDaugavpils, an industrial center in the southeast, on the Daugava River; Liep āja, an important port on the Baltic Sea; Jelgava, an industrial center near Rîga; J ūrmala,...

• France Facts and Figures.

  Male 77.7 years (2008 estimate) Infant mortality rate 3 deaths per 1,000 live births (2008 estimate) Population per physician 293 people (2006) Population per hospital bed 130 people (2003) Literacy rateTotal 99 percent (1995) Female Not available Male Not available Education expenditure as a share of gross national product (GNP) 5.6 percent (2002-2003) Number of years of compulsory schooling 11 years (2002-2003) Number of students per teacher, primary school 19 students per teach...

• Spain - country.

  B Natural Resources Spain has a number of mineral resources. The largest known deposits are of iron ore, zinc, and lead. Spain also produces significant quantities of copper and mercury.These deposits are mined mainly in Huelva province in southwestern Spain, around Cartagena on the Mediterranean, and at various points along the Bay of Biscay inthe north. Additionally, uranium is mined in the region of Extremadura, near the Portuguese frontier, where pyrites, fluorspar, gypsum, tungsten, and po...

• Belarus - country.

  In the last complete census conducted in the Soviet Union in 1989, the population of Belarus was 10,151,806; a 2008 estimate was 9,685,768, giving the country apopulation density of 47 persons per sq km (121 per sq mi). The most notable demographic trend since the 1950s has been the steady migration of the population fromthe villages to urban centers, and the correspondent aging of the population remaining in the rural areas. In 1959 urban residents accounted for 31 percent of thepopulation; in...

• Turkey - country.

  has a general elevation of 900 to 1,500 m (3,000 to 5,000 ft) above sea level. The eastern highlands region is the most mountainous and rugged portion of Turkey; Mount Ararat (Ağrı Da ğı) is the highest peak in the country at 5,165 m (16,945ft). Many Christians and Jews believe it to be the same Mount Ararat mentioned in the Bible as the place where Noah’s ark came to rest. The eastern highlands are thesource for both the Tigris (Dicle) and Euphrates (Fir āt)—two of southwestern Asia’s principal...

• Greece - country.

  minerals, such as chromium, copper, uranium, and magnesium, are relatively small. Greece’s small petroleum deposits, located under the Aegean Sea near the island ofThásos, are rapidly being depleted. There are no significant reserves of natural gas. Greece’s forests, probably abundant in ancient times, have been significantly depleted. Subsequent soil erosion has made reforestation efforts difficult. Although muchof Greece’s soil is rocky and dry, the country’s mountains are interspersed with sm...

• Iran - country.

  Zagros mountains. In the more arid central part of the country, wild pistachio and other drought-resistant trees grow in areas that have not been disturbed by humanactivity. Tamarisk and other salt-tolerant bushes grow along the margins of the Dasht-e Kavir. A wide variety of native mammals, reptiles, birds, and insects inhabit Iran. Many species of mammals—including wolves, foxes, bears, mountain goats, red mountainsheep, rabbits, and gerbils—continue to thrive. Others—including Caspian tigers,...

• Government.

  Contributed By:Robert E. BurkeMicrosoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

• Venezuela - country.

  Venezuela has six navigable rivers. Of the thousand or more streams in the country, the majority flow into the Orinoco. The Orinoco flows east across central Venezuelaand drains approximately four-fifths of the total area of the country. With the tributaries—the Apure, Meta, and Negro rivers—it forms the outlet into the Atlantic Oceanfor the waters of much of the interior of Colombia, as well as of inland Venezuela. F Climate The climate of Venezuela is tropical on the Llanos and along the coas...

• Aztec Empire - history.

  and Tlacopan. In 1428 the triple alliance defeated the Tepaneca. Under the Mexica ruler Itzcoatl, his successor Montezuma I, and the Texcocan ruler Netzahualcóyotl, thethree states waged a series of conquests. They eventually established an empire that extended from central Mexico to the Guatemalan border and included many differentstates and ethnic groups, who were forced to pay tribute to the alliance. Tenochtitlán became the dominant power within the alliance. IV AZTEC CIVILIZATION Aztec soc...

• Uruguay (country) - country.

  Freedom of religion is guaranteed by the constitution of Uruguay. Three-quarters of the people belong to the Roman Catholic Church. There are also sizable Protestantand Jewish congregations. The official language is Spanish, which in Uruguay has been influenced by Italian vocabulary and pronunciation. C Education Uruguay has one of the highest rates of literacy in Latin America, at 98.2 percent of the adult population. Six years of primary education is compulsory, and Uruguay isone of the few n...

• African American History - U.

  In their day-to-day lives, slaves and servants shared similar grievances and frequently formed alliances. Advertisements seeking the return of slaves and servants whohad run away together filled colonial newspapers. When a slave named Charles escaped in 1740, the Pennsylvania Gazette reported that two white servants, a 'Scotch man' and an Englishman, escaped with him. Sometimes interracial alliances involved violence. During Bacon's Rebellion in 1676, slaves and servants took up armsagainst Na...

• Middle East - Geography.

  though overall they have improved considerably since the 1970s. This variation reflects the different levels of wealth and development in countries of the Middle East. Inthe highly developed country of Israel the infant mortality rate was 8 deaths per 1000 live births in 1997. By comparison, the rate per 1000 live births was 71 in less-developed Egypt and 75 in Yemen. A Ethnic Groups and Languages Arabs make up the majority of the people of the Middle East, accounting for almost the entire popu...

• Venice (Italy) - geography.

  acknowledge Venetian supremacy. Wars of conquest enabled Venice to acquire neighboring territories, and by the late 15th century, the city-state was the leadingmaritime power in the Christian world. The beginning of Turkish invasions in the middle of the 15th century marked the end of Venetian greatness. Thereafter, faced with attacks by foreign invaders andother Italian states, its power faded, and the discovery of a sea route to the Indies around the Cape of Good Hope by the Portuguese navigat...

• Brazil - country.

  occasional droughts. Brazil contains a wealth of mineral and plant resources that have not yet been fully explored. It possesses some of the world’s largest deposits of iron ore and containsrich deposits of many other minerals, including gold and copper. Brazil’s fossil fuel resources are modest, but this limitation is offset by the considerable hydroelectricpotential of the nation’s many rivers. Although Brazil is an important producer of tropical crops, areas of highly fertile land are limited...

• Advertising.

  Advertising agencies make money in a variety of ways. When the agency uses the client’s advertising budget to buy time for an ad on the radio or on television or whenit buys space for an ad in a newspaper or magazine, the media outlet allows the agency to keep 15 percent of the cost of the space or the time as a commission. The15 percent commission has become an advertising industry standard and usually accounts for the largest portion of the agency’s income. Agencies also charge clientsfor the...

• France - country.

  In both the Paris and Aquitaine basins, fertile soils derived from limestone and wind-deposited dust, called loess, have supported prosperous agriculture since ancienttimes. Other lowlands in France are scattered and relatively small. They include the Alsace Plain in the east, bordering Germany, the valley of the Rhône River in thesoutheast, and the Languedoc Plain along the Mediterranean coast. A2 Uplands France contains several regions of uplands, the worn down remains of ancient mountain sys...

• Congress of the United States.

  senator, a person must be at least 30 years old, a citizen for nine years, and a resident of the state from which he or she is elected. Most members of Congress haveserved in state legislatures, city councils, or other elected bodies. See United States Senate: Campaigning for the Senate ; United States House of Representatives: Campaigning for the House. The 435 House seats are divided among the states in proportion to each state’s population. Every state is guaranteed at least one seat. State...

• Argentina - country.

  Patagonia lies in the rain shadow of the Andes and so receives little moisture. As a result it is used primarily for grazing sheep, although some crops are grown on smallfarms in irrigated valleys. Several major oil fields also are in Patagonia. At the southern tip of Patagonia is Tierra del Fuego, a large mountainous island shared byArgentina and Chile. B Rivers and Lakes Most of Argentina’s rivers empty into the Atlantic Ocean. Three rivers—the Paraná, Paraguay, and Uruguay—flow generally sou...

• Tunisia - country.

  mixture of Berber and Arab stock, and they regard themselves as Arabs. Nearly everyone speaks Arabic. The population of Tunisia is concentrated in the coastal plain. It is fairly dense in the hilly north, but the arid plateau, basin, and south are thinly settled. About two-thirds of the country’s people live in urban areas. A Principal Cities The capital and largest city of Tunisia is the seaport of Tunis. Other important cities include Sfax, a port and center of trade on the eastern coast; Sūs...