126 résultats pour "1800"
- Vallin de La Mothe Jean-Baptiste Michel, 1729-1800, né à Angoulême, architecte français.
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La création de la Banque de France
Sortir du chaos et faire du neuf, tel est le mot d’ordre des artisans du coup d’Etat du 18 Brumaire An VIII (9 novembre 1799). Le gouvernement de Bonaparte veut terminer la Révolution et restaurer l’autorité de l’Etat. Ce changement de gouvernement doit être dans tous les domaines, une modification totale de régime et ce particulièrement dans le domaine financier. En effet, le régime est menacé de sombrer dans une fa...
- Rogier (Charles Latour), 1800-1885, né à Saint-Quentin (France), homme politique belge.
- Bouillé (François Claude Amour, marquis de) Général français (Cluzel-Saint-Èble, 1739 - Londres, 1800).
- Ross, sir James Ross, sir James (1800-1862), explorateur des régions polaires.
- Souvorov (Aleksandr Vassilievitch, comte, puis prince), 1729-1800, né à Moscou, général russe.
- Daubenton ou d'Aubenton Louis Jean-Marie , 1716-1800, né à Montbard (Côte-d'Or), naturaliste français.
- Lemaître (Antoine Louis Prosper , dit Frédérick), 1800-1876, né au Havre (SeineMaritime), acteur français.
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imprimerie.
de 417 imprimeurs en 1500. En 1476, une grammaire grecque est imprimée entièrement en caractères grecs à Milan, et une Bible hébraïque est imprimée à Soncino en 1488. Également en 1476, l'imprimerie est introduite en Angleterre par William Caxton, tandis qu'en 1539 Juan Pablos installe une presse dans la ville de Mexico, apportant par là même l'imprimerie au Nouveau Monde. Les imprimeurs du nord de l'Europe produisent principalement des livres religieux, des bibles, des psautiers et des missels....
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Dogsledding.
Mushers are caretakers, but also coaches. Top mushers have large kennels, and their preparation for competition begins by buying and breeding race-specific dogs.They train their dogs, decide which to run on certain days, and make adjustments during races by switching and dropping dogs. Serious competitors run their dogsyear-round, using carts and all-terrain vehicles when there is not enough snow on the ground. During races they decide their strategy, choosing when to rest and whento push ahead....
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Estonia - country.
protest the expansion of open-pit phosphorite mining in northeastern Estonia. Their success in stopping the expansion prompted further demonstrations as part of thecountry’s independence movement. Since independence Estonia has taken measures to protect the environment. The government has ratified international agreementsto reduce emissions of hazardous wastes and greenhouse gases, as well as to protect biodiversity, wetlands, and endangered species. Estonians cherish thecountryside, and 31 perc...
- STENDHAL, Henri Beyle, dit (1783-1842) En 1800, engagÈ dans l'armÈe de NapolÈon Ier, ce fonctionnaire du ministère de la Guerre dÈcouvre l'Italie et entame la rÈdaction de son Journal.
- Pie VII Pie VII (1742-1823), pape (1800-1823), qui s'opposa à Napoléon afin de préserver les prérogatives traditionnelles de l'Église.
- CHAMPIONNET, Jean-Etienne (1762-1800) Il débute par une jeunesse aventureuse, mais devient général en 1793, après s'être distingué aux armées du Rhin et de la Moselle.
- Macaulay Thomas Babington , 1800-1859, né à Rothley Temple (Leicestershire), baron Macaulay of Rothley en 1857, historien et homme politique anglais.
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Romanticism
I
INTRODUCTION
Romanticism, in art, European and American movement extending from about 1800 to 1850.
and the composition so dynamic that the effect is of chaos engulfing the immobile and indifferent figure of the dying king. IV GERMANY Two Men on a SeashoreTwo Men on a Seashore (1835) by German artist Caspar David Friedrich can be interpreted as a symbolic expression ofthe artist’s Christian faith. The sea is a symbol of death and the rocks on the beach stand for faith and the future. Themoon symbolizes Christ. This drawing in pencil and sepia ink closely resembles in its design a painting by...
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- STENDHAL, Henri Beyle, dit (1783-1842) En 1800, engagé dans l'armée de Napoléon Ier, ce fonctionnaire du ministère de la Guerre découvre l'Italie et entame la rédaction de son Journal.
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literature universelle
SECOLUL AL XIX-LEA ÃN RAPORT CU SECOLUL AL XX-LEA. TENDINÅ¢E GENERALE Secolul al XIX-lea explicÄ - atât evoluÅ£ia generalÄ a culturii în secolul XX, care are cu acesta relaÅ£ii de continuitate Åi reacÅ£ii polemice - cât Åi pe noi înÅine, ca individualitÄÅ£i. Secolul XIX nu e omogen Åi uniform, ci contradictoriu Åi tensionat. DupÄ 1800 se observÄ o densitate de evenimente Åi valori, un ritm alert de progres, mai ales în a 2-a jum. a sec. XIX ExistÄ diferenÅ£e important...
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Le XX siecle litteraire
transformer le réel en fiction. Tous ces bouleversements politiques et sociaux ont des répercussions sur la production littéraire. D’autre part, on assiste au XIX e siècle à une prodigieuse accélération des sciences et au déplacement des limites de la connaissance. On enregistre toute une série de découvertes techniques, parmi lesquelles les plus importantes visent l’invention de la machine à vapeurs 3, du générateur pour l’énergie (le moteur électrique, Gramm...
- PREMIER CONTACT AVEC PARIS (1799-1800) LA DÉCOUVERTE DE L'ITALIE (1800-1801) LE SECOND SÉJOUR A PARIS (1802-1805) L'INTERMÈDE MARSEILLAIS (1805-1806) - STENDHAL
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Commentaire de la loi du 28 pluviose an VIII (17 février 1800) - Droit
Mais au delà des modifications du cadre administratif, le changement primordial provient de la nature des charges dévolues aux administrateurs. Ceux ci sontdésormais nommés et non plus élus comme par le passé. Les formes collégiales de direction qui prévalaient sous la Révolution disparaissaient au profit d’un uniqueagent d’exécution. Après avoir exposer le contexte historique dans lequel la loi du 28 pluviôse a été établi et la profonde rupture qu’elle a représenté, il est maintenant nécessaire...
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Oeuvres de Napoleon Bonaparte, TOME III
Citoyen consul,
Votre arrivée sur le territoire de la république a consolé toutes les ames pures, principalement la mienne,
n'ayant plus d'espoir qu'en vous.
Le général Gardanne, qui commande la division, brûle de détruire les rebelles; secondez-le de tous vos moyens. Le premier consul, BONAPARTE. Paris, le 9 pluviose an 8 (29 janvier 18oo). Au général Lefebvre. Le général Brune, citoyen général, a fait filer sur Vannes, toutes les troupes qui se trouvaient dans les départemens de la Sarthe, de la Mayenne et de l'Orne; j'imagine qu'il aura également appelé à lui le général Gardanne. Ainsi les vingt-deuxième et quatorzième divisions militaires se trou...
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Kéké
L'AVENEMENT D'UNE FRANCE LIBERALE L'héritage de l'épisode révolutionnaire Une nation une et indivisible Désormais raison prime sur tradition, séparation des pouvoirs sur absolutisme, principe électif sur vénalité des charges, décentralisation du pouvoir sur tutelle de l'Etat monarchique, égalité et méritocratie sur ordres, société laïcisée sur société sacrée. Mais par peur de perdre ces acquis de 1789, il y a eu des...
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Le goût pour le sentiment (1760-1800)
Le goût pour le sentiment (1760-1800) 1757 DIDEROT, Le Fils naturel (d.). Î.757 Mme RICCOBONI, Lettres de Miss Fanny Butler (r.). 1759-1781 DIDEROT, Salons (id.). 1761-1782 ROUSSEAU, La Nouvelle Héloïse, 1761 (r.); Les R€-oeries du promeneur soli taire, 1780, publ. posth. (a.). Confessions, 1782, composées sans doute à partir de 1760 (a.). 1765 SEDAINE, Le Philosophe sans le savoir (d.). 1772 GILBERT, Le Poète malheureux (p.). DIDEROT et surtout ROUSSEAU sont les symboles d'...
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Automobile.
Electric motors have been used to power automobiles since the late 1800s. Electric power supplied by batteries runs the motor, which rotates a driveshaft, the shaftthat transmits engine power to the axles. Commercial electric car models for specialized purposes were available in the 1980s. General Motors Corporation introduced amass-production all-electric car in the mid-1990s. Automobiles that combine two or more types of engines are called hybrids. A typical hybrid is an electric motor with ba...
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Tout sur le romantisme francais
Iéna(Fr.Schlegel,Novalis),L'école de Heidelberg(A von Arnim),L'école de Berlin (E.T.A. Hoffmann),Le groupe de Coppet,Suisse(Mme de Stael,B Constant),France:Lamartine, Vigny,Musset, Hugo(cenacles litteraires).Angleterre:W. Scott,LordByron,Italie:Manzoni,Leopardi,Russie:Lermontov,Roumanie:Negruzzi, Alecsandri, Eminescu, Hasdeu.Etats-unis:E.A.P.O.E. Les termes de romantisme, romantique: Du point de vue estethique, le romantisme est une tendance generale dans les lettres et les arts.Du po...
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William Blake.
best-known illustrations, popularly known as The Ancient of Days, the frontispiece to his poem Europe, a Prophecy (1794). Much of Blake’s painting was on religious subjects: illustrations for the work of John Milton, his favorite poet (although he rejected Milton’s Puritanism), for JohnBunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress, and for the Bible, including 21 illustrations to the Book of Job. Among his secular illustrations were those for an edition of Thomas Gray’s poems and the 537 watercolors for Ed...
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CHATEAUBRIAND : sa vie et son oeuvre
qu'il n'a jamais sacrifié aucune de ses passions et de ses rêveries. Modernité, on le verra, qui tient tout entière en la paradoxale et essentielle formule de la Préface testamentaire : « Des auteurs français de ma date, je suis quasi le seul dont la vie ressemble à ses ouvrages ... » Trois carrières pour un destin Né à Saint-Malo, non loin de cet océan qui allait être 1 'horizon permanent de sa conscience et de son discours, François-Re...
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Vocabulaire:
CHARGÉ, -ÉE, participe passé, adjectif et substantif masculin.
b) Au figur?. ? [En parlant d'un ?tre humain ou de ses caract?ristiques physiques ou morales] La m?moire charg?e (confer encombr?e), le regard charg?. ? Occup? par le travail ou les occupations (trop) nombreuses. Avoir une journ?e charg?e. Je suis au bord d'une ann?e infiniment complexe et charg?e (CHARLES DU BOS, Journal, 1924, page 173 ). c) BEAUX-ARTS, LITT?RATURE. Dont les caract?res sont exag?r?s. Le comique charg?, assez bon chez un homme, est d?testable chez une femme (HENRI BEY...
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presse, histoire de la.
5 LE XVIII E SIÈCLE : LA PRESSE, CANAL DU POLITIQUE 5. 1 La tentation d’une presse libre Au XVIII e siècle en France, à la différence de l’Angleterre où la presse est déjà engagée dans la lutte politique ( voir quatrième pouvoir), les instruments privilégiés des débats d’idées demeurent le livre et le libelle. L’activité journalistique n’est pas encore considérée comme un métier à part entière. Et de façon générale, les nouvellistes n’ont pas bonne presse… Surveillée, censurée (sauf pour c...
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Native American Literature
I
INTRODUCTION
Leslie Marmon Silko
Native American writer Leslie Marmon Silko is perhaps best known for her first novel, Ceremony (1977), a coming-of-age
story about a young man of mixed Native American and white ancestry.
SequoyahNative Americans did not use a complex written language before the immigration of Europeans to the Americas. In theearly 1820s the Cherokee leader Sequoyah developed an alphabet and written language for his native tongue. ManyCherokee learned the new written language readily, and in 1828 they published the first Native American newspaper,written in both Cherokee and English.THE BETTMANN ARCHIVE Before Native Americans came into contact with Europeans, many tribes supplemented the spoken...
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Friedrich von Schiller (Sprache & Litteratur).
Kants, die letztlich seine Ästhetik der klassischen Periode bestimmt. Am 22. Februar 1790 heiratete Schiller die Schwester Karoline von Wolzogens, Charlotte von Lengefeld (1766-1826). 1791 erkrankte er lebensgefährlich, vermutlich eineLungen- und chronische Bauchfellentzündung, die ihm bis zu seinem Lebensende Probleme bereitete und ihn zwang, seine Lehrtätigkeit aufzugeben. 1792 ernannte ihn dieFranzösische Republik zu ihrem Ehrenbürger. In den neunziger Jahren entstanden Schillers anthropologi...
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Puzzle.
Visual puzzles involve searching a picture to find hidden or disguised figures or answering a question about some part of a visual illusion. For instance, the popular 19th- century prints of American lithographic company Currier & Ives featured hidden people, animals, and other objects. A 16th-century painting from Bukhara, Uzbekistan,of a camel includes hidden figures of 17 people, 10 rabbits, a monkey, and a dragon (Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City). B Mathematical Puzzles and Logic...
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Belize - country.
Education is compulsory for children between the ages of 5 and 14. Attendance at primary schools was nearly universal in 2002–2003, but only 78 percent of children ofsecondary school age were enrolled in school. Higher education is available at colleges in Belize City and Corozal. The literacy rate of 93 percent is one of the highest inLatin America. C Government Belize is governed under a constitution that became effective at independence in 1981. Belize recognizes the British monarch as its o...
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Irlande (île).
En complément, voir les articles langues celtiques et littérature gaélique. 3.2 La progressive domination anglaise 3.2. 1 La bulle Laudabiliter de 1155 En 1155, le roi Henri II d'Angleterre reçoit du pape Adrien IV (un Anglais) la bulle Laudabiliter l'autorisant à prendre possession de l'île irlandaise, contre le versement d'un revenu annuel au trésor papal. Même si historiens considèrent cette bulle comme apocryphe, la situation ne change pas jusqu'à ce que Dermot MacMurrough, le roi d...
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Library of Congress.
manuscripts, books, and films. The Digital Library’s eventual goal is to make available 80 million items from the Library of Congress’s collection that are not easilyavailable elsewhere. V ORGANIZATION AND FUNDING The librarian of Congress serves as the director of the institution. Tradition, politics, and strong personalities have shaped the function of this office. Although the Libraryof Congress was established in 1800, the office of librarian was not created until passage of a law in 1802....
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Dominican Republic - country.
Manatees and sea turtles also live in Dominican waters. Common birds include blue herons, glossy ibis, flamingos, and brown pelicans. E Environmental Issues Urban dwellers of the Dominican Republic enjoy good access to safe water, but rural communities do not. While current water use is low relative to available resources,water shortages do occur. Although deforestation was once a serious problem in the Dominican Republic, by the beginning of the 21st century, the annual rate of deforestation h...
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James Monroe.
In October 1786, Monroe resigned from Congress and settled with his bride in Fredericksburg, Virginia, where he began a law practice. His retirement from politics wasbrief. He was soon elected to the town council, and then once again to the Virginia legislature. However, Monroe never lost touch with national politics. He corresponded regularly with both Jefferson and Madison. In 1786 Monroe attended the AnnapolisConvention, which had been called to consider interstate commerce and other matters...
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James Monroe - USA History.
In October 1786, Monroe resigned from Congress and settled with his bride in Fredericksburg, Virginia, where he began a law practice. His retirement from politics wasbrief. He was soon elected to the town council, and then once again to the Virginia legislature. However, Monroe never lost touch with national politics. He corresponded regularly with both Jefferson and Madison. In 1786 Monroe attended the AnnapolisConvention, which had been called to consider interstate commerce and other matters...
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Lebanon (country) - country.
during the civil war. Within the country, thousands of Shia Muslim refugees fled fighting in southern Lebanon in the 1990s and moved into shantytowns in Beirut’ssouthern suburbs. Lebanon’s major cities were greatly affected by the civil war. Beirut has gradually regained most of its prewar population and remains the country’s largest city. Tripoli,the northern port, is the second largest city. Jūniyah, north of Beirut, was developed as a wartime port and subsequently had a population boom. Za ḩl...
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Criminal Punishment.
In the United States and Canada, younger offenders may be sentenced to highly regimented, military-style correctional programs known as boot camps. Generally,offenders volunteer to participate in boot camp programs to avoid other types of incarceration. At boot camps, officials subject offenders to strict discipline and physicaltraining. They also provide educational or vocational programs. Boot camps serve as an alternative to traditional, long-term incarceration and attempt to train offenderst...
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Commentaire littéraire Madame de Staël, De la littérature, 1800
Commentaire littéraire Madame de Staël, De la littérature, 1800 Germaine de Staël est la fille du ministre des finances de Louis XVI, Jacques Necker. Elle grandit durant le temps des Lumières au milieu du salon prestigieux que tient sa mère et s’initie à la philosophie de ce courant de penser, elle commence donc à développer des idées d’émancipation libérale. De cette manière, elle formule son attachement à une République modérée, rejetant totalement la tyrannie de la Terreur (1793-1794)...
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American Literature: Drama
I
INTRODUCTION
American Literature: Drama, literature intended for performance, written by Americans in the English language.
American plays, while still a minority, began to appear in the theater repertory in the 19th century. Although American plays were still styled after British models, theirsubject matter came to be based on specifically American incidents or themes. In the United States as in Britain, many plays reflected the influence of romanticism , a European literary and artistic movement. Melodrama, with its outpourings of emotion, was the most prevalent dramatic form in the 19th century. Gothic melodramas...
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Mexico City - geography.
The park houses some of Mexico's most important public buildings, including Chapultepec Castle. Construction of the castle began in 1783. Positioned on the park’shighest elevation, the castle functioned as a fortress during colonial times. It once served as the presidential residence and now houses the National Museum of History,which includes murals by 20th-century Mexican painter Juan O'Gorman. Los Pinos, the official residence and working offices of the president, is also on the grounds, buti...
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New Hampshire - geography.
Washington. D1 Temperature The coldest parts of the state are in the White Mountains and the extreme north. Average January temperatures range from about -11° C (about 12° F) along theCanadian border to about -3° C (about 26° F) along the coast. July temperatures range from about 17° C (about 63° F) in the mountains to about 21° C (about 70° F)in the south. D2 Precipitation Precipitation is evenly distributed throughout the year over most of the state. However, the higher peaks of the White Mo...
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New Hampshire - USA History.
Washington. D1 Temperature The coldest parts of the state are in the White Mountains and the extreme north. Average January temperatures range from about -11° C (about 12° F) along theCanadian border to about -3° C (about 26° F) along the coast. July temperatures range from about 17° C (about 63° F) in the mountains to about 21° C (about 70° F)in the south. D2 Precipitation Precipitation is evenly distributed throughout the year over most of the state. However, the higher peaks of the White Mo...
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Archaeology.
Prehistoric archaeology is practiced by archaeologists known as prehistorians and deals with ancient cultures that did not have writing of any kind. Prehistory, a term coined by 19th-century French scholars, covers past human life from its origins up to the advent of written records. History—that is, the human past documented insome form of writing—began 5000 years ago in parts of southwestern Asia and as recently as the late 19th century AD in central Africa and parts of the Americas. Becaus...
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Wyoming (state) - geography.
The basins, which lie in the rain shadow of mountains, are very dry, with an average annual precipitation of about 250 mm (about 10 in) or less; the Great Plains regionhas an annual average of about 380 mm (about 15 in), and the Black Hills region receives slightly more. Thunderstorms and hailstorms are relatively frequent insummer. The annual snowfall ranges from about 500 mm (about 20 in) in the Bighorn Basin to well over 5,100 mm (over 200 in) in the higher mountains, where annualprecipitatio...
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Wyoming (state) - USA History.
The basins, which lie in the rain shadow of mountains, are very dry, with an average annual precipitation of about 250 mm (about 10 in) or less; the Great Plains regionhas an annual average of about 380 mm (about 15 in), and the Black Hills region receives slightly more. Thunderstorms and hailstorms are relatively frequent insummer. The annual snowfall ranges from about 500 mm (about 20 in) in the Bighorn Basin to well over 5,100 mm (over 200 in) in the higher mountains, where annualprecipitatio...
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New Mexico - geography.
New Mexico’s major river is the Río Grande, originating in southern Colorado, and flowing southward for 760 km (470 mi) through the state. Between the San LuisValley and Española Valley the river flows in a deep canyon known as the Río Grande Gorge; then, below White Rock Canyon, it flows through several valleys containingagricultural land. Most of the water of the Río Grande is used to irrigate these valleys. The Río Grande’s waterflow in New Mexico is extremely low. One of the major tributarie...