422 résultats pour "republic"
-
Europa - geografía.
del Atlántico Norte (corriente del Golfo), traen precipitaciones durante casi todo el año. En la zona climática mediterránea (España, Italia y Grecia) los meses de veranosuelen ser calurosos y secos, y la mayoría de las precipitaciones se recogen en otoño y primavera. Aproximadamente a partir de Polonia central, hacia el este, se reduce elefecto moderador de los océanos y, como consecuencia, el clima es más frío y seco. Las partes septentrionales del continente también tienen este tipo de clima....
-
Eslovenia - geografía.
población de refugiados de guerra ha contribuido al deterioro de su economía. Los dirigentes políticos han tomado las medidas necesarias para dar un giro a la economía alllevar a cabo reformas que favorecen la liberalización del mercado y de los bancos, y promocionan la privatización. La presencia de un gobierno no comunista desde 1990,junto con una sólida infraestructura y una mano de obra cualificada, ha ayudado a cambiar la tendencia a la baja de la economía. El desempleo comenzó a descenderl...
-
Kazajstán - geografía.
varía desde -19 ºC hasta -4 ºC de promedio, mientras que la temperatura diaria en julio oscila entre 19 ºC y 26 ºC de promedio. En el verano las temperaturas puedenalcanzar los 45 ºC, y en invierno bajar a los -45 ºC. Kazajstán es el hábitat de algunas especies exclusivas o endémicas, como el antílope saiga que está protegido pordecreto gubernamental. 3 TEMAS MEDIOAMBIENTALES Kazajstán presenta graves problemas medioambientales y de salud como resultado de la Guerra fría. Existen altos niveles...
-
Uzbekistan - country.
E Environmental Issues The evaporation of the Aral Sea is one of the worst ecological disasters in the world. The Aral has shrunk so much that it now holds only about one-fifth the volume ofwater it held in 1960. The shrinkage is due to irrigation withdrawals from the Amu Darya and Syr Darya, a practice that began on a massive scale in the early 1960s aspart of the Soviet Union’s ill-conceived drive to increase cotton yields in Central Asia. Growing cotton in the naturally arid and saline soil...
-
Wars of Yugoslav Succession.
of Yugoslav succession was over. In January 1992 members of the European Community (EC; after 1993 the European Union, EU) recognized Slovenia’s independencealong with that of Croatia. The United States and other countries did so shortly thereafter. IV THE WAR IN CROATIA As the Yugoslav army withdrew from Slovenia in July 1991, a second and far more serious conflict erupted in Croatia. But the road to war in Croatia began more than ayear earlier. In April and May 1990 the Croatian Democratic U...
-
Wars of Yugoslav Succession .
of Yugoslav succession was over. In January 1992 members of the European Community (EC; after 1993 the European Union, EU) recognized Slovenia’s independencealong with that of Croatia. The United States and other countries did so shortly thereafter. IV THE WAR IN CROATIA As the Yugoslav army withdrew from Slovenia in July 1991, a second and far more serious conflict erupted in Croatia. But the road to war in Croatia began more than ayear earlier. In April and May 1990 the Croatian Democratic U...
-
Julius Caesar.
V CROSSING THE RUBICON In 52 BC, with Crassus out of the way, Pompey was made sole consul. Combined with his other powers, this gave him a formidable position. Jealous of his younger rival, he determined to break Caesar’s power. To achieve this objective, he first needed to deprive Caesar of the forces he commanded in Gaul. Pompey ordered him toreturn to Rome without his troops. To protect himself, Caesar suggested that he and Pompey both lay down their commands simultaneously, but this propos...
-
Cyprus - country.
40,000 cubic meters (1.4 million cubic feet) of salt water into fresh water per day, opened at Dhekelia in 1997, and a second larger plant opened at Larnaca in 2001. III PEOPLE OF CYPRUS The combined population of the Greek and Turkish sectors (2008 estimate) is 792,604. The overall population density is 86 persons per sq km (222 per sq mi). About69 percent of the island’s inhabitants live in urban areas. Greek-speaking Cypriots make up approximately 85 percent of the population. About 12 perc...
-
-
Adolf Hitler
I
INTRODUCTION
Adolf Hitler (1889-1945), German political and military leader and one of the 20th century's most powerful dictators.
A Economic Collapse At the end of World War I, the Allies (those countries who had fought against Germany) had demanded that Germany pay reparations—that is, payments for wardamages. The government refused to pay all that was demanded by the Allies. When Germany failed to pay enough, France and Belgium occupied the coal mines in theRuhr industrial area in west central Germany in January 1923. In protest, the German government halted all reparation payments and called for passive resistance by a...
-
Adolf Hitler.
A Economic Collapse At the end of World War I, the Allies (those countries who had fought against Germany) had demanded that Germany pay reparations—that is, payments for wardamages. The government refused to pay all that was demanded by the Allies. When Germany failed to pay enough, France and Belgium occupied the coal mines in theRuhr industrial area in west central Germany in January 1923. In protest, the German government halted all reparation payments and called for passive resistance by a...
-
Adolf Hitler .
A Economic Collapse At the end of World War I, the Allies (those countries who had fought against Germany) had demanded that Germany pay reparations—that is, payments for wardamages. The government refused to pay all that was demanded by the Allies. When Germany failed to pay enough, France and Belgium occupied the coal mines in theRuhr industrial area in west central Germany in January 1923. In protest, the German government halted all reparation payments and called for passive resistance by a...
-
Roman Empire .
A Government Augustus did not derive his power from any single office, but from the authority of his name and his victory. In fact, he carefully pieced together a patchwork of powersthat allowed him to be an absolute ruler and yet avoid the hatred Caesar aroused as dictator. In Latin, the name Augustus implies both political authority and religiousrespect. The Romans had for some time called Octavian imperator , a title once awarded to victorious generals that soon became associated with the r...
-
Roman Empire - History.
A Government Augustus did not derive his power from any single office, but from the authority of his name and his victory. In fact, he carefully pieced together a patchwork of powersthat allowed him to be an absolute ruler and yet avoid the hatred Caesar aroused as dictator. In Latin, the name Augustus implies both political authority and religiousrespect. The Romans had for some time called Octavian imperator , a title once awarded to victorious generals that soon became associated with the r...
-
Yemen - geografía.
4.1 Agricultura y pesca Entre los principales cultivos alimenticios de Yemen del Sur figuran mijo, trigo, melones, sésamo y cebada; el algodón, y en menor medida, el tabaco y el kat (qat), una planta seminarcótica, destacan como los principales cultivos comerciales. La variedad topográfica de Yemen del Norte permite una gran variedad de productos agrícolas, enespecial cereales, algodón y diversas clases de frutas y verduras; el café es uno de los principales cultivos de exportación. Los cultiv...
-
Mexican War.
men, mostly Mexicans, rode to Nacogdoches to capture the rebellious Fredonians. The small garrison of Fredonians soundly defeated their attackers in the only battle ofthe rebellion. When Mexican troops arrived at Nacogdoches a short time later, the republic had been dissolved and the leader of the colonists had fled to Louisiana. B The Texas Revolution Although the Fredonians were not successful, by the 1830s the population of Mexican Texas included many immigrants from the United States. These...
-
Latin American Independence.
be inferior and were not permitted a university education. In the lowest caste were the African slaves. As the Spanish monarchy tried to increase its authority, it was hampered by the power of the Catholic Church. The church, including various religious orders, hadacquired great wealth, including large holdings of land, in the colonies. The Jesuit order especially had gained extraordinary wealth and political influence, and it alsocontrolled much of the university and high school education in th...
-
-
Turkmenistán - geografía.
considerables; existen reservas importantes de petróleo y gas natural, así como sulfuro, sal, carbón y cobre. La producción de gas natural en 2003 fue de 59.001 millonesde m³ y la de petróleo de 68.434.701 barriles. Sin embargo, las disputas con Rusia sobre las cuotas de exportación y el fracaso en crear un nuevo oleoducto han disminuidola explotación. Los productos energéticos son los artículos de exportación más destacados y contribuyen al 60% de los ingresos totales por exportación. En 2002 s...
-
Cold War.
With this, all the countries of Eastern Europe were under Communist control, and the creation of the Soviet bloc was complete. The events of 1948 contributed to agrowing conviction among political leaders in both the United States and the USSR that the opposing power posed a broad and fundamental threat to their nation’sinterests. The Berlin blockade and the spread of Communism in Europe led to negotiations between Western Europe, Canada, and the United States that resulted in the NorthAtlantic...
-
Cold War .
With this, all the countries of Eastern Europe were under Communist control, and the creation of the Soviet bloc was complete. The events of 1948 contributed to agrowing conviction among political leaders in both the United States and the USSR that the opposing power posed a broad and fundamental threat to their nation’sinterests. The Berlin blockade and the spread of Communism in Europe led to negotiations between Western Europe, Canada, and the United States that resulted in the NorthAtlantic...
-
Cold War - U.
With this, all the countries of Eastern Europe were under Communist control, and the creation of the Soviet bloc was complete. The events of 1948 contributed to agrowing conviction among political leaders in both the United States and the USSR that the opposing power posed a broad and fundamental threat to their nation’sinterests. The Berlin blockade and the spread of Communism in Europe led to negotiations between Western Europe, Canada, and the United States that resulted in the NorthAtlantic...
-
Ucrania - geografía.
Ucrania se divide en 24 provincias administrativas, entre las que se encuentran el distrito de la capital, así como la República Autónoma de Crimea. Kíev, la capital, es laciudad más importante del país, con una población estimada en 2.618.000 habitantes para 2003. Otras grandes ciudades son Járkov (1.445.173), Dniepropetrovsk(1.040.000), la antigua Yekaterinoslav, Donetsk (991.310), Odesa (989.468), Lvov (806.000) y Mariúpol (492.000). 3.3 Religión La mayor parte de los cristianos practicantes...
-
Lituania - geografía.
negativas mínimas. Pero con la conmoción de los precios energéticos y la política de gastos y pensiones, la inflación aumentó y el valor de los talonas descendió rápidamente. Se introdujo el litas (plural litai) como única moneda de curso legal en 1993. Poco después, el suministro de litai experimentó una fuerte fluctuación. Enmarzo de 1994 el Parlamento aprobó una ley para fijar la equivalencia de la moneda nacional con el dólar; en 2006 se mantenía en 2,80 litai por dólar. 6 GOBIERNO De acu...
-
Letonia - geografía.
ciudadanía y aprobar un examen de conocimiento del letón. La Saeima aprobó en agosto de 1994 una nueva ley que reconocía a otras etnias sus derechos políticos. 8 HISTORIA Los pueblos letones se establecieron en lo que hoy es Letonia durante el siglo IX d.C. Desde el siglo XIII Letonia ha estado dominada sucesivamente por alemanes, polacos,suecos, daneses y rusos. Cruzados alemanes comenzaron a convertir al cristianismo a los pueblos bálticos a comienzos del siglo XIII y desde 1237 hasta 1561 Le...
-
Gabon - country.
government is engaged in preservation and reforestation programs. The fish catch in 2005 was 43,941 metric tons. C Mining Mining has developed rapidly since Gabon’s independence in 1960. Annual production of extremely high-grade manganese ore, from Moanda in the southeast, was1,090,000 metric tons in 2004. The rich deposits of iron ore located at Mekambo and Bélinga in the northeast have reserves estimated at more than 500 million metrictons. Exploitation of the iron ore has been hampered by th...
-
-
Roman Mythology.
Her temple on the Aventine Hill in Rome was a center for organizations of skilled craftspeople. According to tradition, in 509 BC the dynasty of Etruscan kings ended and the Roman Republic was founded. The republic was ruled by two chief magistrates, called consuls, who were elected by the people to one-year terms. During the time of the republic, the Capitoline temple became the most important public shrine of theRoman people and the focus of public worship. Each January, the new consuls offer...
-
Hugo Chávez
1
INTRODUCCIÓN
Hugo Chávez
Después de encabezar en 1992 una rebelión militar
civiles y militares partidarios de Chávez reaccionaron y, entre los días 13 y 14, propiciaron el acceso a la presidencia de Diosdado Cabello (vicepresidente de Chávez, al cualhabía permanecido leal), la dimisión de Carmona y el regreso del propio Chávez a Caracas para reasumir la jefatura del Estado. El clima de tensión en el país no cesó, alcanzando un nuevo punto álgido en octubre de 2002, cuando se sucedieron una gran manifestación en Caracas de la oposición,agrupada en torno a la denominada...
-
Winter Olympics Medal Standings.
Norway NOR 4 3 3 10 Sweden SWE 4 3 3 10 Switzerland SUI 3 4 3 10 United States of America USA 3 4 2 9 France FRA 2 1 2 5 Canada CAN 2 0 1 3 Austria AUT 1 3 4 8 Finland FIN 1 3 2 6 Belgium BEL 1 1 0 2 Italy ITA 1 0 0 1 Hungary HUN 0 1 0 1 Czechoslovakia TCH 0 1 0 1 Great Britain GBR 0 0 2 2 Source: International Olympic Committee (IOC).. Oslo, 1952.Participant Abbreviation Gold Silver Bronze Total Norway NOR 7 3 6 16 United States of America USA 4 6 1 11 Finland FIN 3 4 2 9 Austria AUT...
-
Kyrgyzstan - country.
are Bishkek, the capital, located on the Chu River in the far north; and Osh, located in the Fergana Valley. A Ethnic Groups Ethnic Kyrgyz make up about 65 percent of the population of Kyrgyzstan. Uzbeks, who live primarily in the Fergana Valley, constitute about 14 percent of thepopulation. Russians, who live principally in Bishkek and other industrial centers, make up about 13 percent of the population. Other ethnic groups include Hui (ChineseMuslims, also known as Dungans), Ukrainians, Uygur...
-
Armenia (country) - country.
because of ethnic tension brought on by a secessionist conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, a region inhabited predominantly by Armenians in western Azerbaijan. In thereverse direction, many Armenian refugees entered Armenia from Azerbaijan during the conflict. Armenia’s official state language is Armenian, an Indo-European language with no surviving close relatives. It has a unique 38-letter alphabet that dates from the early5th century. Of its many spoken dialects, the most important are Eastern or Y...
-
Ex-República Yugoslava de Macedonia - ficha de geographia.
divisiones administrativas proceden de centros estadísticos de los distintos países. Los datos de tasa de alfabetización provienen de la base de datos de la Organización de las NacionesUnidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (UNESCO) (www.unesco.org). Los datos de población urbana y rural provienen de la Organización para la Alimentación y la Agricultura(FAO) de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU), base de datos FAOSTAT (www.fao.org). Los datos sobre religión y divisiones étni...
-
Latvia - country.
The population of Latvia is about 2,245,423 (2008 estimate), yielding an average population density of 35 persons per sq km (91 per sq mi). Latvia is highly urbanized.Some 66 percent of the population lives in urban areas, with nearly one-third of the total population residing in the capital, Rīga. Other important cities includeDaugavpils, an industrial center in the southeast, on the Daugava River; Liep āja, an important port on the Baltic Sea; Jelgava, an industrial center near Rîga; J ūrmala,...
-
Roman Art and Architecture - History.
Racecourses or circuses were also built in many cities for holding chariot races and horse races. Rome’s circus-shaped Piazza Navona occupies the site of one that wasbuilt during the reign ( AD 81-96) of the emperor Domitian. The largest circus in Rome, the Circus Maximus, held about 200,000 spectators. E Public Baths Large cities and small towns alike also had public baths ( thermae ); under the Republic they were generally made up of a suite of dressing rooms and bathing chambers with hot- ,...
-
-
Zambia - geografía.
Yacimiento de cobre en ZambiaLas ricas vetas minerales del Copperbelt (cinturón del cobre) han tenido una importancia capital en la historia moderna de Zambia. ElCopperbelt se extiende hacia el oeste de Zambia central desde el sur de la República Democrática del Congo y contiene algunos delos mayores yacimientos de cobre de África. La producción en 2004 fue de 426.900 toneladas.Jason Laure/Woodfin Camp and Associates, Inc. La mayor parte del país tiene una vegetación de sabana —praderas salpicad...
-
Middle East - Geography.
though overall they have improved considerably since the 1970s. This variation reflects the different levels of wealth and development in countries of the Middle East. Inthe highly developed country of Israel the infant mortality rate was 8 deaths per 1000 live births in 1997. By comparison, the rate per 1000 live births was 71 in less-developed Egypt and 75 in Yemen. A Ethnic Groups and Languages Arabs make up the majority of the people of the Middle East, accounting for almost the entire popu...
-
Lyndon B.
A1 First Years in Office Johnson quickly made a two-fold reputation. He was a firm supporter of Roosevelt’s program, both domestic and foreign, and he was also a tireless worker on behalf ofthe voters he represented. Often the two activities coincided, as was the case when he helped to bring public power into Texas through the Rural ElectrificationAdministration and the Lower Colorado River Authority. He also secured funds for the building of dams, roads, and other public improvements in his di...
-
Venice (Italy) - geography.
acknowledge Venetian supremacy. Wars of conquest enabled Venice to acquire neighboring territories, and by the late 15th century, the city-state was the leadingmaritime power in the Christian world. The beginning of Turkish invasions in the middle of the 15th century marked the end of Venetian greatness. Thereafter, faced with attacks by foreign invaders andother Italian states, its power faded, and the discovery of a sea route to the Indies around the Cape of Good Hope by the Portuguese navigat...
- CZECH REPUBLIC in 1996 (History and Geography)
-
Polonia - geografía.
Bialowieza, que cruza la frontera con Bielorrusia. Los lobos y el oso pardo viven en las montañas más altas, mientras que el alce y el ciervo son bastante numerosos en laszonas de lagos; urogallos, lagópodos y cigüeñas negras habitan en áreas de cereales, marismas y bosques. Los lagos del interior y los cursos fluviales mantienenconsiderables cantidades de peces. 2.6 Temas medioambientales A principios de la década de 1990, cuando Polonia surge como estado democrático libre e independiente, su...
- A former Soviet Republic, Moldavia achieved a difficult independence in 1991.
-
Vietnam War.
rigged, since about 150,000 more people voted in Saigon than were registered. Diem then deposed Bao Dai, who had been the only other candidate, and declaredSouth Vietnam to be an independent nation called the Republic of Vietnam (RVN), with himself as president and Saigon as its capital. Vietnamese Communists and manynon-Communist Vietnamese nationalists saw the creation of the RVN as an effort by the United States to interfere with the independence promised at Geneva. III THE BEGINNING OF THE...
-
-
Vietnam War - History.
rigged, since about 150,000 more people voted in Saigon than were registered. Diem then deposed Bao Dai, who had been the only other candidate, and declaredSouth Vietnam to be an independent nation called the Republic of Vietnam (RVN), with himself as president and Saigon as its capital. Vietnamese Communists and manynon-Communist Vietnamese nationalists saw the creation of the RVN as an effort by the United States to interfere with the independence promised at Geneva. III THE BEGINNING OF THE...
-
Vietnam War - U.
rigged, since about 150,000 more people voted in Saigon than were registered. Diem then deposed Bao Dai, who had been the only other candidate, and declaredSouth Vietnam to be an independent nation called the Republic of Vietnam (RVN), with himself as president and Saigon as its capital. Vietnamese Communists and manynon-Communist Vietnamese nationalists saw the creation of the RVN as an effort by the United States to interfere with the independence promised at Geneva. III THE BEGINNING OF THE...
-
The Summer Games of 1992 - sport.
In the most ambitious undertaking of all, a stretch of rundown warehouses and abandoned factories beside the long-neglected Mediterranean waterfront wastransformed into a sparkling new district of apartments, shopping areas, and palmetto-lined promenades. During the games, the area served as the Olympic athletes'village, where, for the first time at any games, organizers offered accommodations to competitors and their coaches free of charge. After the games the apartmentswere to be sold to help...
- San Marino is the oldest republic in the world, its constitution dates from 1569.
-
Guinea-Bissau - geografía.
de maestros que sirven de soporte para los programas gubernamentales tendentes a reducir la alta tasa de analfabetismo de adultos. La tasa de alfabetización en 2005 eradel 44,8 por ciento. 5 ECONOMÍA Y GOBIERNO Cosecha de cacahuetes, Guinea-BissauUno de los principales cultivos comerciales en Guinea-Bissau es el maní, cultivado en el interior, que alcanzó una producción de22.046 toneladas en 2006.Dave G. Houser/Houserstock La economía de Guinea-Bissau está dominada por una agricultura de subsis...
-
Napoleón I Bonaparte - historia.
Joachim MuratNombrado en 1808 rey de Nápoles por su cuñado, el emperador Napoléon I Bonaparte, Joachim Murat había mandado pocos mesesantes los ejércitos franceses que invadieron España. Siete años más tarde combatió infructuosamente contra el Imperio Austriaco yperdió el trono napolitano. Este retrato suyo es obra del pintor francés de la primera mitad del siglo XIX François Gérard y seencuentra en el palacio de Versalles.Bridgeman Art Library Gran Bretaña, irritada por la hostilidad de las acc...
- This republic made a unilateral declaration of independence in 1991 and was recognized by the EEC and the UN in 1992.
-
Scramble for Africa.
additional territorial grabs. The most significant of these rules stated that colonial powers were obligated to notify each other when they claimed African territory.Further, subsequent “effective occupation” of the claimed area was necessary for the claim to remain valid. Through it all, as Europeans negotiated their rights toAfrican territory, not a single African was present. Once the conference was over, it was clear that a European Scramble for African territories was underway. Southern Afr...
-
- The first Republic of the former USSR to declare its independence in 1990, Lithuania is a Baltic State.
- Placed under the dual sovereignty of the bishop of Urgel and the President of the French Republic, Andorra is the highest inhabited country in Europe.