1995 résultats pour "rôle"

• amas et superamas - astronomie.

  Outre leur intérêt comme test de l’évolution stellaire, les amas ouverts d’étoiles servent également d’étalon de distance. En effet, les observations photométriques de lapopulation stellaire des amas ouverts confrontées à la modélisation permettent d’attribuer une distance fiable à l’amas ouvert, qui sert alors de référence pour évaluer ladistance d’étoiles isolées plus lointaines. Ainsi, l’amas des Hyades, situé à environ 135 000 années-lumière de la Terre, joue à cet égard un rôle crucial. Les...

• étoile - astronomie.

  L’atmosphère d’une étoile désigne l’ensemble du gaz transparent aux rayonnements électromagnétiques et lié à l’étoile par les forces de gravitation. 5.2 Photosphère La basse atmosphère d’une étoile débute à la photosphère, caractérisée par une certaine valeur de la température. À la photosphère solaire est associée une températureeffective de 5 770 K (kelvins). Certaines régions, les taches solaires, sont plus froides que la photosphère avoisinante. Les taches photosphériques, caractéristiques...

• Les oiseaux représentent, au sein des vertébrés, la classe la plus homogène et la plus facile à identifier grâce à leur revêtement de plumes et d'écailles cornées, leurs mâchoires édentées pourvues d'un bec, leur oviparité, leur température interne constante et élevée.

  tubulaire des colibris ( Phaethornis pygmaeus ) pour pomper le miel. L'estomac comporte deux poches. La première, le ventricule succenturié, sécrète le suc gastrique et effectue la digestion chimique, tandis que la seconde, le gésier, joue un rôle mécanique en broyant les aliments entre ses parois musculeuses ; cette action est souvent facilitée par la présence de petites pierres, ingérées par l'oiseau. Le tube digestif se termine dans un cloaque, où aboutissent également les voies urinaires et...

• Le rôle politique du général de Gaulle de 1940 à 1969

  +++++++++++++++++++++++++ MOTS CLÉS Assemblée constituante, SFIO, PCF, MRP, RPF, Algérie française, putsch d'Alger, référendum, Constitutions de la IV et de la V• République. +++++++++++++++++++++++++ UTILISER UNE CHRONOLOGIE INDICATIVE La chronologie indicative est, avant tout, un aide-mémoire. li ne s'agit pas de la commenter. De plus, elle peut négliger certaines dates tellement évidentes qu'elles sont supposées connues par le c...

• Royal Canadian Mounted Police.

  Perry declared prohibition unenforceable and canceled the policing contracts for the two provinces. The strength of the force dwindled further as its members wererecruited into the military. Many, including Perry, believed it would not last into peacetime. VI EXPANSION TO A NATIONAL ROLE After the war Newton W. Rowell, a federal cabinet minister, was sent across western Canada to assess the future of the Mounties. The options were either to eliminatethe North-West Mounted Police or to expand i...

• Relégués autrefois par les Occidentaux au rang de curiosités exotiques,

  une riche histoire. Au XV e siècle, on sait que les Dogons de l'actuel Mali ont remplacé les Tellems dans leur habitat ancien. Les Mandés, originaires de l'Empire du Mali, se sont retirés au XVI e siècle vers le sud, où ils ont constitué en partie le noyau des futurs groupes Dans et Gouros. Au XVII e et au XVIII e siècle, des ensembles issus de la Confédération achantie (créée dès le XIV e siècle) de l'actuel Ghana se sont dirigés vers l'ouest et sont devenus les Baoulés, Agnis ou Abrons. De...

• navette spatiale - astronomie.

  utilisé lors de nombreuses missions pour positionner ou récupérer différents satellites scientifiques ou de communication. Des carreaux de céramique et des feuilles souples de matériau isolant constituant un système de protection thermique ( thermal protection system, TPS) tapissent le ventre, le dessous des ailes et d’autres surfaces de l’orbiteur soumises à une forte chaleur, et le protègent ainsi lors de sa rentrée dans l’atmosphère. Contrairement au matériau utilisé pour les précédents va...

• Voyage au bout de la nuit ; Louis Ferdinand Céline

  qu'il connait que trop bien.C'est un grand couard. Il cherche à échapper à cette misère, saillante, turgescente, qui se présente devant lui.Pour s'échapper, il transforme les sentiments, les émotions de tristesse, de pitié qui devrait l'envahir par quelquechoses d'amusent. Il ne veut pas faire face à cette pauvreté : « faut prendre tout ce qu'il y a à regarder endistractions dans les environs » Bardamu détourne à sa façon ses yeux. Médecin est une corvée, une corvée qu'ils'afflige pour dieu...

• Les grands courants de la philosophie

  Les grands courants philosophiques Idéalisme : Il s’agit d’une doctrine philosophique qui nie l’existence du monde extérieur, et réduit celui-ci aux représentations de la subjectivité. Autrement dit, les idéalistes pensent que le monde n’existe pas sans sujet pour le penser. Les idéalistes considèrent que le vrai monde, le monde réel, est celui des Idées ; le monde intelligible. Ils l’opposent au monde sensible, qui est celui de l’ignorance et de l’illusion. L'idéalisme est une doctrine q...

• Valley.

  Except in mountainous terrain, rivers are almost always flanked by floodplains. Floodplains are flat wide deposits of alluvium, river-deposited sediment, on either side of the river channel. During floods, a river overflows its banks and spreads out the sediment near the river to form a floodplain. Floodplains of large rivers, such as thoseof the Mississippi River, can be flat areas tens of kilometers across. River channels migrate back and forth across their floodplains as alluvium is repeate...

• Valley - Geography.

  Except in mountainous terrain, rivers are almost always flanked by floodplains. Floodplains are flat wide deposits of alluvium, river-deposited sediment, on either side of the river channel. During floods, a river overflows its banks and spreads out the sediment near the river to form a floodplain. Floodplains of large rivers, such as thoseof the Mississippi River, can be flat areas tens of kilometers across. River channels migrate back and forth across their floodplains as alluvium is repeate...

• L'émotion a-t-elle un rôle à jouer dans la vie humaine, ou est-elle une anomalie ?

  Or, le dérèglement de l'émotion apparaît bien comme le trouble apporté au fonctionnement normal des puissances inté­ ressées. l") Sur le plan de l'esprit Dans l'émotion du type émotion-choc, par exemple la peur subite et qui saisit tout l'être : - L'esprit est annihilé ... rivé à une seule idée ... mais qui devient fixe et inféconde. - Le raisonnement ne se fait plus normalement... L'image l'emporte ... et l'esprit est...

• LA LITTERATURE AU MOYEN AGE

  Qui sont les auteurs au Moyen Age ? L e Mo yen A ge est u ne longu e pér iode qui dure p resqu e 10 siècl es (5è au 1 5è) so it 1 000 a ns. Ce n ’est q u’au déb ut d u X I è me s iècl e que la littérature d e la ngue français e co mme nce à e xister réell ement à c ôté d’ oeuvres latin es. Mais o n pe ut p arler d’u ne l ittérature médiévale qui serait unique et aura it le s m ême s car actéristiqu es. Entre l’an 1 000 et la fin du Mo yen...

• hispano-américaine, littérature.

  révolutionnaires. Cette époque est également marquée par l’émergence de nouveaux centres littéraires tels que Quito (Équateur), Bogotá (Colombie), Caracas (Venezuela) ou Buenos-Aires (Argentine). Ces villes deviennent bientôt, par la richesse de la vie littéraire qui s’y développe, les rivales des capitales des vice-royaumes ; c’est ainsi que les contacts avec le monde non hispanique se multiplient et que la mère patrie voit progressivement chanceler son monopole intellectuel. 4 CONQUÊTE DE L’IN...

• Maghreb.

  2.4 Ressources naturelles Le Sahara est une barrière naturelle redoutable entre le nord et le sud de l’Afrique. Il a pourtant été traversé depuis des millénaires par des caravanes commerciales quiutilisaient les pistes reliant les oasis du désert. Il était exploité pour son sel, nécessaire aux animaux qui nomadisaient entre le Sahara et le Sahel. Aujourd’hui, sesrichesses en minerais, tout spécialement le pétrole et le gaz naturel, sont de plus en plus importantes pour les économies du Maghreb....

• Maghreb.

  2.4 Ressources naturelles Le Sahara est une barrière naturelle redoutable entre le nord et le sud de l’Afrique. Il a pourtant été traversé depuis des millénaires par des caravanes commerciales quiutilisaient les pistes reliant les oasis du désert. Il était exploité pour son sel, nécessaire aux animaux qui nomadisaient entre le Sahara et le Sahel. Aujourd’hui, sesrichesses en minerais, tout spécialement le pétrole et le gaz naturel, sont de plus en plus importantes pour les économies du Maghreb....

• Canadian Pacific Railway - Canadian History.

  roads constructed inland from the lakeshore. However, this changed with the outbreak in Saskatchewan of the Northwest Rebellion by Louis Riel and his supportersagainst the authority of the Canadian government in March 1885. Despite the fact that the railway was not completed, a contingent of troops was able to reachWinnipeg from Montréal in only seven days, much faster than they could have gone overland, and get from there to Saskatchewan in time to successfully put down therebellion. This actio...

• Jesus Christ I INTRODUCTION Jesus Christ (between 8 and 4 BC-AD 29?

  Monday and Tuesday, according to the synoptists), he drove from the Temple the traders and moneychangers who, by long-established custom, had been allowed totransact business in the outer court (Mark 11:15-19), and he disputed with the chief priests, the scribes, the Pharisees, and the Sadducees questions about hisauthority, tribute to Caesar, and the resurrection. On Tuesday, Jesus also revealed to his disciples the signs that would usher in his Parousia, or second coming. See Second Coming. O...

• Jesus Christ.

  Monday and Tuesday, according to the synoptists), he drove from the Temple the traders and moneychangers who, by long-established custom, had been allowed totransact business in the outer court (Mark 11:15-19), and he disputed with the chief priests, the scribes, the Pharisees, and the Sadducees questions about hisauthority, tribute to Caesar, and the resurrection. On Tuesday, Jesus also revealed to his disciples the signs that would usher in his Parousia, or second coming. See Second Coming. O...

• polonaise, littérature.

  poèmes lyriques en latin qui lui valent le surnom d'« Horace chrétien ». La poésie lyrique est d'ailleurs en plein essor, unissant le maniérisme de l'Astrée aux saillies d'une franche sensualité, notamment chez Szymon Zimorowic, auteur d'idylles érotiques, et Jan Andrzej Morsztyn, génie de la forme poétique, qui compose deux recueils de vers, Canicule (Kanikuła albo psia gwiazda, 1647) et le Luth (Lutnia, 1661). Le XVII e et la première moitié du XVIII e siècle sont aussi marqués par...

• Renaissance, art de la - peinture.

  Les artistes de la première Renaissance estiment qu’il est nécessaire de joindre à leurs travaux les écrits qui fondent leur art. Ainsi, de nombreux traités permettant de fournir des outils théoriques à la pratique artistique voient le jour ; le plus souvent, ces livres sont rédigés par les artistes eux-mêmes, ou par des penseurs humanistes ayant une pratique artistique. C’est le cas du plus célèbre d’entre eux, Leon Battista Alberti, philosophe, lettré, mathématicien, théoricien de l’art et sur...

• Dentistry.

  Together with dentists, dental hygienists and dental assistants make up the team that provides dental care to patients. Hygienists record patient medical histories, suchas blood pressure and pulse. They clean teeth, apply sealants and fluoride treatments, teach patients sound oral hygiene practices, and often assist with X rays. Manyhygienists receive a two-year associate degree, while others may choose to enroll in a four-year program at a university or in a master’s degree program. There are25...

• Circulatory System.

  C Additional Functions In addition to oxygen, the circulatory system also transports nutrients derived from digested food to the body. These nutrients enter the bloodstream by passingthrough the walls of the intestine. The nutrients are absorbed through a network of capillaries and veins that drain the intestines, called the hepatic portal circulation.The hepatic portal circulation carries the nutrients to the liver for further metabolic processing. The liver stores a variety of substances, suc...

• Feudalism I INTRODUCTION Feudalism, contractual system of political and military relationships existing among members of the nobility in Western Europe during the High Middle Ages.

  lord”; thus, it was not rebellion for a subvassal to fight against his lord’s lord. In England, however, William the Conqueror and his successors required their vassals’vassals to take oaths of fealty to them. B Duties of a Vassal Military service in the field was basic to feudalism, but it was far from all that the vassal owed to his lord. When the lord had a castle, he might require his vassals togarrison it, a service called castle-guard. The lord also expected his vassals to attend his cour...

• Babylonia - USA History.

  Pharmacology, too, doubtless had made considerable progress, although the only major direct evidence of this comes from a Sumerian tablet written several centuriesbefore Hammurabi. C Legal System and Writing Law and justice were key concepts in the Babylonian way of life. Justice was administered by the courts, each of which consisted of from one to four judges. Often theelders of a town constituted a tribunal. The judges could not reverse their decisions for any reason, but appeals from their...

• Helicopter.

  naturally flaps down so as to increase lift. Flapping allows the differences in lift caused by uneven rotor tip speed to cancel out, producing a stable ride. Many helicoptersuse mechanical hinges with lubricated bearings, but some use flexible straps made of a composite material in order to reduce the required maintenance. Helicopters require different amounts of lift and thrust at different times during flight, because the aerodynamic forces acting on them change during hovering andacceleration...

• Extinction (biology) - biology.

  III ROLE OF MASS EXTINCTION IN EVOLUTION Historically biologists—most famous among them British naturalist Charles Darwin—assumed that extinction is the natural outcome of competition between newlyevolved, adaptively superior species and their older, more primitive ancestors. These scientists believed that newer, more highly evolved species simply drove less well-adapted species to extinction. That is, historically, extinction was thought to result from evolution. It was also thought that this...

• Blood.

  substances. For example, a person who is blood type A positive will not make antibodies against the A or Rh markers, but will make antibodies against the B marker,which is not on that person’s own red blood cells. If blood containing the B marker (from types B positive, B negative, AB positive, or AB negative) is transfused into thisperson, then the transfused red blood cells will be rapidly destroyed by the patient’s anti-B antibodies. In this case, the transfusion will do the patient no good a...

• Military Religious Orders .

  Hospitalers’ charitable functions were playing a secondary role to their military duties. Successes in war defending the Holy Land enriched the order with vast gifts ofproperty in Europe and Palestine. In the 12th century the Hospitalers acquired three impressive fortresses in Palestine at Krak des Chevaliers, Belvoir, and Margat. Atthe height of their power in the 13th century, the Hospitalers regularly supplied 500 knights to defend the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem against the Empire. The Crusad...

• Electronic Games.

  arcade game of all time. With Pizza Time Theaters legitimizing the idea of arcades and hits such as Ms. Pac-Man , Asteroids , Donkey Kong , Tempest , Frogger , and Defender bringing new excitement to gaming, the coin-operated video game business boomed. In 1981 Americans spent 75,000 person-years and $5 billion playing video games at anestimated 4,300 arcades in the United States. Many popular arcade games also were translated for use on the Atari 2600 and its chief rivals in the homemarket—M...

• Native American Literature.

  Many Native American writers of the 19th century wrote histories of their tribes. One tribal historian was David Cusick (Tuscarora), whose Sketches of Ancient History of the Six Nations (1827) was the first published tribal history. Tribal histories explained the deep ties that tribes had to their ancestral homelands. Beginning in the 18th century, these ties took on special meaning because the United States government began removing Native Americans from their traditional lands. These removal...

• Musical I INTRODUCTION George Gershwin American pianist, songwriter, and composer George Gershwin was one of the most important figures in popular song in the 1920s and 1930s.

  C Extravaganzas Another predecessor of musical comedy, the extravaganza, evolved soon after the American Civil War (1861-1865) from traditional English pantomime. Extravaganzaswere typically based on fairy tales and Mother Goose. They introduced some of the elements—songs, dances, and comedy combined with spectacular stage sets andeffects—that American musical comedy later became known for. The first and most famous extravaganza show was The Black Crook (1866), often described as America’s fi...

• planétologie - astronomie.

  été la première indication de l’existence d’un champ magnétique très intense sur une planète autre que la Terre (le champ magnétique de Jupiter est 17 000 fois supérieur àcelui de la Terre). Le rayonnement radio décimétrique (de fréquence comprise entre 1 000 MHz et 3 000 MHz) émis par Jupiter est interprété comme l’émission synchrotronde particules chargées relativistes, piégées dans le champ magnétique jovien interne. Ainsi, les ceintures de radiations joviennes ont-elles été découvertes deux...

• Roman Mythology.

  Her temple on the Aventine Hill in Rome was a center for organizations of skilled craftspeople. According to tradition, in 509 BC the dynasty of Etruscan kings ended and the Roman Republic was founded. The republic was ruled by two chief magistrates, called consuls, who were elected by the people to one-year terms. During the time of the republic, the Capitoline temple became the most important public shrine of theRoman people and the focus of public worship. Each January, the new consuls offer...

• Cat Family - biology.

  cats have coats that are mainly brown, yellow, or gray, often with white underbellies. The cubs of many species of cats have spotted coats, which helps hide them ingrass and underbrush from predators. Adult cats that have mainly spotted patterns in their fur include cheetahs, leopards, clouded leopards, jaguars, ocelots, margays, Geoffroy’s cat, and servals. Singlecolor coats are found in lions, pumas, and jaguarundis. Some individuals among leopards and jaguars, and more rarely in other species...

• Protestantism.

  F England The Anglican Church became the established church in England when Henry VIII assumed (1534) the ecclesiastical authority over the English church that had previouslybeen exercised by the pope. Henry’s motive was to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragón rather than to reform church doctrine, and he imposed severe lawsupholding the major tenets of medieval Catholicism. Under King Edward VI and Queen Elizabeth, however, the Anglican Church developed a distinctly Protestant creedthat w...

• Buddhism.

  Although never actually denying the existence of the gods, Buddhism denies them any special role. Their lives in heaven are long and pleasurable, but they are in thesame predicament as other creatures, being subject eventually to death and further rebirth in lower states of existence. They are not creators of the universe or incontrol of human destiny, and Buddhism denies the value of prayer and sacrifice to them. Of the possible modes of rebirth, human existence is preferable, because thedeitie...

• Human Sexuality.

  About six weeks after conception, if a Y chromosome is present in the embryo's cells (as it is in normal males), a gene on the chromosome directs the undifferentiatedgonads to become testes. If the Y chromosome is not present (as in normal females), the undifferentiated gonads will become ovaries. If the gonads become testes, they begin to produce androgens (male hormones, primarily testosterone) by about eight weeks after conception. These androgens stimulate development of the one set of the...

• United Arab Emirates - country.

  III PEOPLE Most people living in the UAE (known as Emiris) are Arabs, a large majority of whom are city and town dwellers. A small number are nomadic (having no permanent home). The population has grown dramatically since the mid-1960s, largely due to the influx of oil workers to the country. Four-fifths of the UAE’s inhabitants areforeign workers and their families. The UAE also has a very youthful population, due to the large numbers of young foreign workers, a cultural preference for larg...

• Civil Rights Movement in the United States - U.

  The Great Depression of the 1930s increased black protests against discrimination, especially in Northern cities. Blacks protested the refusal of white-owned businessesin all-black neighborhoods to hire black salespersons. Using the slogan “Don't Buy Where You Can't Work,” these campaigns persuaded blacks to boycott thosebusinesses and revealed a new militancy. During the same years, blacks organized school boycotts in Northern cities to protest discriminatory treatment of blackchildren. The bla...

• Roman Catholic Church.

  comprehensiveness of its doctrinal tradition. Locating its beginnings in the earliest Christian communities and refusing to acknowledge any decisive break in its history,the Roman Catholic Church considers itself heir to the theological traditions of the apostolic, patristic, medieval, and modern periods. The church does not in principleexclude any theological method, and since the encyclical of Pope Pius XII Divino Afflante Spiritu (1943) it has officially sanctioned modern principles of exeg...

• Animal Behavior - biology.

  The first motor program analyzed in much detail was the egg-rolling response of geese. When a goose sees an egg outside its nest, it stares at the egg, stretches itsneck until its bill is just on the other side of the egg, and then gently rolls the egg back into the nest. At first glance this seems a thoughtful and intelligent piece ofbehavior, but it is a mechanical motor program; almost any smooth, rounded object (the sign stimulus) will release the response. Furthermore, removal of the egg on...

• Mon personnage Role Play My Hero Accademia

  Mon personnage Role Play My Hero Accademia 1.prénom Le prénom de mon personnage RP s’appelle (roulement de tambour) Taishi, son père lui a donner se prénom pour démontrer le calme et l’intelligence . Il s’est inspirée du tai chi :une discipline corporelle qui fait partie des exercices énergétiques de la Médecine traditionnelle chinoise , et du développement de la souplesse et de l'éveil du Qi. 2.Nom Son nom Fujira est celui de son père qui tient une grande entreprise de création d’a...

• Economics.

  Malthus, nature's check was “positive”: “The power of population is so superior to the power of the earth to produce subsistence for man, that premature death must insome shape or other visit the human race.” The shapes it took included war, epidemics, pestilence and plague, human vices, and famine, all combining to level theworld's population with the world's food supply. The only escape from population pressure and the horrors of the positive check was in voluntary limitation of population, no...

• Globalization.

  higher living standard for their people. The World Bank made loans to developing countries for dams and other electrical-generating plants, harbor facilities, and otherlarge projects. These projects were intended to lower costs for private businesses and to attract investors. Beginning in 1968 the World Bank focused on low-cost loansfor health, education, and other basic needs of the world’s poor. B International Monetary Fund The IMF makes loans so that countries can maintain the value of thei...

• United States Senate.

  providing for military forces, and declaring war. Article I, Section 8, also gives Congress implied powers—to “make all laws which shall be necessary and proper” forcarrying out the enumerated powers, and to investigate and oversee the executive branch. The Senate also has the power to conduct impeachment trials against thepresident, federal judges, and other officials. The Senate can only impeach someone after the House brings charges, however. A two-thirds majority vote of thesenators in the c...

• Slovakia - country.

  The country is divided informally into the three regions of Western Slovakia, Central Slovakia, and Eastern Slovakia, corresponding to administrative divisions that wereabolished in 1989. Most of Slovakia’s 600,000 Hungarians live in the southern parts of Western and Central Slovakia, which served as the cultural center of Hungary forseveral centuries after Hungary proper was invaded by the Ottomans in the 16th century. The Ruthenian and Ukrainian minorities are concentrated in the northernregio...

• Mexico City - geography.

  The park houses some of Mexico's most important public buildings, including Chapultepec Castle. Construction of the castle began in 1783. Positioned on the park’shighest elevation, the castle functioned as a fortress during colonial times. It once served as the presidential residence and now houses the National Museum of History,which includes murals by 20th-century Mexican painter Juan O'Gorman. Los Pinos, the official residence and working offices of the president, is also on the grounds, buti...

• Bird. I INTRODUCTION Bird, animal with feathers and wings. Birds are the only

  B Physical Adaptations for Flight The internal body parts of all birds, including flightless ones, reflect the evolution of birds as flying creatures. Birds have lightweight skeletons in which many of themajor bones are hollow. A unique feature of birds is the furculum, or wishbone, which is comparable to the collarbones of humans, although in birds the left and rightportions are fused together. The furculum absorbs the shock of wing motion and acts as a spring to help birds breathe while they...

• Bird - biology.

  B Physical Adaptations for Flight The internal body parts of all birds, including flightless ones, reflect the evolution of birds as flying creatures. Birds have lightweight skeletons in which many of themajor bones are hollow. A unique feature of birds is the furculum, or wishbone, which is comparable to the collarbones of humans, although in birds the left and rightportions are fused together. The furculum absorbs the shock of wing motion and acts as a spring to help birds breathe while they...