549 résultats pour "effectifs"

• Middle East - Geography.

  though overall they have improved considerably since the 1970s. This variation reflects the different levels of wealth and development in countries of the Middle East. Inthe highly developed country of Israel the infant mortality rate was 8 deaths per 1000 live births in 1997. By comparison, the rate per 1000 live births was 71 in less-developed Egypt and 75 in Yemen. A Ethnic Groups and Languages Arabs make up the majority of the people of the Middle East, accounting for almost the entire popu...

• French Revolution.

  B2 Assembly of Notables and Estates-General To pressure the parlements into accepting the plan, Calonne decided to gain prior approval of it from an Assembly of Notables—a group of hand-picked dignitaries hethought would sympathize with his views. But Calonne had badly miscalculated. Meeting in January 1787, the assembly refused to believe that a financial crisis reallyexisted. They had been influenced by Necker’s argument that state finances were sound and suspected that the monarchy was only...

• French Revolution .

  B2 Assembly of Notables and Estates-General To pressure the parlements into accepting the plan, Calonne decided to gain prior approval of it from an Assembly of Notables—a group of hand-picked dignitaries hethought would sympathize with his views. But Calonne had badly miscalculated. Meeting in January 1787, the assembly refused to believe that a financial crisis reallyexisted. They had been influenced by Necker’s argument that state finances were sound and suspected that the monarchy was only...

• Space Exploration - astronomy.

  to produce 250,000 newtons (56,000 lb) of thrust. The Germans launched thousands of V-2s carrying explosives against targets in Britain and The Netherlands. Whilethey did not prove to be an effective weapon, V-2s did become the first human-made objects to reach altitudes above 80 km (50 mi)—the height at which outer spaceis considered to begin—before falling back to Earth. The V-2 inaugurated the era of modern rocketry. A2 Early Artificial Satellites During the years following World War II, the...

• Quantum Theory I INTRODUCTION Quantum Theory, in physics, description of the particles that make up matter and how they interact with each other and with energy.

  electron in the same way a particle with momentum would: It bumps the electron and changes the electron’s path. The light is also affected by the collision as though itwere a particle, in that its energy and momentum changes. Momentum is a quantity that can be defined for all particles. For light particles, or photons, momentum depends on the frequency, or color, of the photon, which in turndepends on the photon’s energy. The energy of a photon is equal to a constant number, called Planck’s cons...

• Advertising.

  Advertising agencies make money in a variety of ways. When the agency uses the client’s advertising budget to buy time for an ad on the radio or on television or whenit buys space for an ad in a newspaper or magazine, the media outlet allows the agency to keep 15 percent of the cost of the space or the time as a commission. The15 percent commission has become an advertising industry standard and usually accounts for the largest portion of the agency’s income. Agencies also charge clientsfor the...

• historia teatro

  death, judgement, heaven, and hell - perilously familiar. The cycles stress the goodness and the grace of God, but they also point to his awesome power and the justice of his purposes. They trace the history of the divine will from the fall of Lucifer, through the creation of the world and the fall of Adam, to Christ's acts of redemption. They end with a calculated bang as God's 'for-thoght' is fulfilled in the ending of 'all erthely thyng'. English theatre had its formal beginnings in the L...

• Thomas Jefferson I INTRODUCTION Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826), third president of the United States (1801-1809) and author of the Declaration of Independence.

  Jefferson was a poor speaker, but his literary talents made him a highly valued member of committees when resolutions and other public papers were drafted. Heemerged as the recognized author of the patriot cause in Virginia and indeed in the whole of the colonies. Jefferson's first public paper, however, was considered toostiff and formal, and it was rewritten. The paper was a response to the greeting of the new governor, Lord Botetourt, to the General Assembly. Jefferson, who nevertook criticis...

• Thomas Jefferson.

  Jefferson was a poor speaker, but his literary talents made him a highly valued member of committees when resolutions and other public papers were drafted. Heemerged as the recognized author of the patriot cause in Virginia and indeed in the whole of the colonies. Jefferson's first public paper, however, was considered toostiff and formal, and it was rewritten. The paper was a response to the greeting of the new governor, Lord Botetourt, to the General Assembly. Jefferson, who nevertook criticis...

• Thomas Jefferson

  Jefferson was a poor speaker, but his literary talents made him a highly valued member of committees when resolutions and other public papers were drafted. Heemerged as the recognized author of the patriot cause in Virginia and indeed in the whole of the colonies. Jefferson's first public paper, however, was considered toostiff and formal, and it was rewritten. The paper was a response to the greeting of the new governor, Lord Botetourt, to the General Assembly. Jefferson, who nevertook criticis...

• Thomas Jefferson - USA History.

  Jefferson was a poor speaker, but his literary talents made him a highly valued member of committees when resolutions and other public papers were drafted. Heemerged as the recognized author of the patriot cause in Virginia and indeed in the whole of the colonies. Jefferson's first public paper, however, was considered toostiff and formal, and it was rewritten. The paper was a response to the greeting of the new governor, Lord Botetourt, to the General Assembly. Jefferson, who nevertook criticis...

• India - country.

  delta in the north, are intensely farmed. B Rivers and Lakes The rivers of India can be divided into three groups: the great Himalayan rivers of the north, the westward-flowing rivers of central India, and the eastward-flowingrivers of the Deccan Plateau and the rest of peninsular India. Only small portions of India’s rivers are navigable because of silting and the wide seasonal variation inwater flow (due to the monsoon climate). Water transport is thus of little importance in India. Barrages,...

• Mémoire sur la vertu

  REMERCIEMENTS À ma grand-mère Satamba SAGNA. Elle est et restera mon éminence grise, mes ambitions, mon courage, et parfois ma faiblesse. Grâce à elle, j’ai su très rapidement identifier le bien et le mal, la vraie nature de la vie, les vicissitudes de la condition humaine. Je la dédie ce mémoire de second cycle en lui souhaitant longue vie affermie par une santé herculéenne. À ma mère, À mon père, À tous mes professeurs. Je tiens à remercier distinctement et très solennellement le di...

• Great Depression in the United States - U.

  prices would continue to rise and they could soon sell their stocks at a profit. The widespread belief that anyone could get rich led many less affluent Americans into the market as well. Investors bought millions of shares of stock “on margin,” arisky practice similar to buying products on credit. They paid only a small part of the price and borrowed the rest, gambling that they could sell the stock at a highenough price to repay the loan and make a profit. For a time this was true: In 1928 the...

• World Energy Supply.

  In the 1990s, oil production by non-OPEC countries remained strong and production by OPEC countries rebounded. The result at the end of the 20th century was aworld oil surplus and prices (when adjusted for inflation) that were lower than in 1972. Experts are uncertain about future oil supplies and prices. Low prices have spurred greater oil consumption, and experts question how long world petroleum reservescan keep pace with increased demand. Many of the world’s leading petroleum geologists beli...

• Article L. 132-27, extrait, du Code du travail : commentaire

  Port& de ('obliga- tion de negocier : L'employeur est tenu den- gager des negotiations, it n'est pas tenu de conclure un accord. Pour l'obliger, cependant, a negocier de bonne foi, la loi lui inter& de prendre des mesures collectives d'augmentations de salaires tant que la negociation nest pas terminee. Qui negocie ? Du cote patronal, c'est l'em- ployeur ou son repre- sentant, c'est-a-dire un cadre clOment mandate et habilite a prendre des decisions. Du cote salarial, ce sont les delegues syndic...

• Wars of Yugoslav Succession.

  of Yugoslav succession was over. In January 1992 members of the European Community (EC; after 1993 the European Union, EU) recognized Slovenia’s independencealong with that of Croatia. The United States and other countries did so shortly thereafter. IV THE WAR IN CROATIA As the Yugoslav army withdrew from Slovenia in July 1991, a second and far more serious conflict erupted in Croatia. But the road to war in Croatia began more than ayear earlier. In April and May 1990 the Croatian Democratic U...

• Wars of Yugoslav Succession .

  of Yugoslav succession was over. In January 1992 members of the European Community (EC; after 1993 the European Union, EU) recognized Slovenia’s independencealong with that of Croatia. The United States and other countries did so shortly thereafter. IV THE WAR IN CROATIA As the Yugoslav army withdrew from Slovenia in July 1991, a second and far more serious conflict erupted in Croatia. But the road to war in Croatia began more than ayear earlier. In April and May 1990 the Croatian Democratic U...

• Theodore Roosevelt.

  in Oyster Bay, Long Island. The couple had five children, Theodore Jr., Kermit, Ethel Carow, Archibald Bullock, and Quentin. They also raised Alice, Roosevelt’s daughterfrom his first marriage. Discouraged with politics, Roosevelt enjoyed family life and literary pursuits. He wrote Essays on Practical Politics in 1888. The same year he also wrote an opinionated biography of Gouverneur Morris, an American statesman who helped draft the Constitution of the United States. The book revealed far mo...

• Theodore Roosevelt

  in Oyster Bay, Long Island. The couple had five children, Theodore Jr., Kermit, Ethel Carow, Archibald Bullock, and Quentin. They also raised Alice, Roosevelt’s daughterfrom his first marriage. Discouraged with politics, Roosevelt enjoyed family life and literary pursuits. He wrote Essays on Practical Politics in 1888. The same year he also wrote an opinionated biography of Gouverneur Morris, an American statesman who helped draft the Constitution of the United States. The book revealed far mo...

• Mars (planet) - astronomy.

  The Martian core is probably much like Earth’s, consisting mostly of iron, with a small amount of nickel. If other light elements, particularly sulfur, exist there as well, thecore may be larger than presently thought. From studying Earth’s magnetic field and core, scientists theorize that the motions of the liquid rock in Earth’s core generateits magnetic field. Mars does not have a significant magnetic field, so scientists believe that Mars’s core is probably solid. However, spacecraft data in...

• Evolution - biology.

  genetic diversity to extinction. Sexual reproduction ensures that the genes in a population are rearranged in each generation, a process termed recombination. Although the combinations of genes inindividuals change with each new generation, the gene frequency, or ratio of different alleles in the entire population, remains relatively constant if no evolutionaryforces act on the population. One such force is the introduction of new genes into the genetic material of the population, or gene pool...

• photosphère - astronomie.

  La température effective est utilisée comme paramètre fondamental dans différents contextes propres à l’étude des étoiles. Portée en abscisse dans le diagramme deHertzsprung-Russel, comportant en ordonnée la luminosité stellaire, elle permet notamment d’établir le statut évolutif de l’étoile. 3.2 Composition chimique En outre, l’étude du rayonnement photosphérique en fonction de la longueur d’onde (spectre) révèle des zones moins intenses que d’autres. Ces zones de dépression (raiesd’absorption...

• Edgar Allan Poe I INTRODUCTION Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849), American writer, known as a poet and critic but most famous as the first master of the short-story form (see Short Story), especially the psychological horror tale.

  the deciphering of a code. “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” (1841), “The Mystery of Marie Rogêt” (1842-1843), and “The Purloined Letter” (1844) are regarded aspredecessors of the modern mystery, or detective, story ( see Detective Story). Many of Poe’s tales are distinguished by the author’s unique grotesque inventiveness in addition to his superb plot construction. Poe was unequaled in evoking an all-encompassing mood of horror through the rendering of setting and atmosphere. The opening descri...

• Public Finance.

  obtained by borrowing instead of taxation—can be helpful for the economy. For example, when unemployment is high, the government can undertake projects that useworkers who would otherwise be idle. The economy will then expand because more money is being pumped into it. However, deficit spending also can harm theeconomy. When unemployment is low, a deficit may result in rising prices, or inflation. The additional government spending creates more competition for scarce workersand resources and thi...

• La dynamique instable du capitalisme

   si la croissance effective est inférieure à la croissance potentielle, cela signifie que des capacités de production sont inutilisées : montée du chômage, sous-utilisation du capital fixe Les causes exogènes des fluctuations : les chocs d’offre et les chocs de demande o A) Le modèle offre globale/demande globale  2 variables :  la production totale de biens et de services, mesurée par le PIB réel  le niveau général des prix , mesuré par l’indice des prix à la consommation...

• Mercury (planet) - astronomy.

  In 1991 powerful radio telescopes on Earth revealed signs of possible deposits of ice in the polar regions of Mercury. These ice deposits occur in areas where sunlightnever falls, such as crater bottoms near both of the planet’s poles. Similar ice deposits may have been found during the 1990s near the poles of the Moon by theClementine and Lunar Prospector spacecrafts. The ice on Mercury likely comes from comets or water-bearing meteorites that have hit Mercury over the planet’s historyup throug...

• Définition du terme: CRAINTE, substantif féminin.

  Soyez sans crainte à ce sujet! Les animaux se laissaient prendre par moi sans crainte (PAUL CLAUDEL, L'Échange, 1894, II, page 695 ). — Avec crainte. S'avancer, observer avec crainte. Guillaume s'est embarqué avec crainte, avec répugnance, du point de vue de sa dynastie, de sa politique allemande (MAURICE BARRÈS, Mes cahiers, tome 11, 1917-18, page 337 ). · [Par allusion à l'ouvrage du philosophe Kierkegaard] La vie dont il parlait avec crainte et tremblement (ALBERT CAMUS, L'Homme révolté, 1951...

• Ocean and Oceanography.

  of sediment. When studied in sedimentary core samples, which can represent many millions of years of deposits, they provide a detailed and continuous history of theearth’s environmental changes. The record is particularly informative for the most recent 2 million to 5 million years, during which major fluctuations in global climatehave occurred. Successive ice ages can be traced by the relative scarcity or abundance of the shells of warm-water and cold-water diatoms in various layers of asedimen...

• Ocean and Oceanography - Geography.

  of sediment. When studied in sedimentary core samples, which can represent many millions of years of deposits, they provide a detailed and continuous history of theearth’s environmental changes. The record is particularly informative for the most recent 2 million to 5 million years, during which major fluctuations in global climatehave occurred. Successive ice ages can be traced by the relative scarcity or abundance of the shells of warm-water and cold-water diatoms in various layers of asedimen...

• Animation I INTRODUCTION Finding Nemo A clown fish named Marlin, left, and his friend Dory search for Marlin's son in the computer-animated feature film Finding Nemo (2003).

  Animator at WorkAnimators use computers for every part of the animation process, from creating a storyboard (a scene-by-sceneillustration of the plot) to imitating camera movement. This animator is creating a scene for the motion picture Antz(1998).C. Lepetit/Liaison Agency If an animator is basing the animation project on drawings, one of the most common animation techniques, he or she will first create a series of rough sketches thatoften will be filmed in a pencil test (simple line drawings...

• Adolf Hitler I INTRODUCTION Adolf Hitler (1889-1945), German political and military leader and one of the 20th century's most powerful dictators.

  A Economic Collapse At the end of World War I, the Allies (those countries who had fought against Germany) had demanded that Germany pay reparations—that is, payments for wardamages. The government refused to pay all that was demanded by the Allies. When Germany failed to pay enough, France and Belgium occupied the coal mines in theRuhr industrial area in west central Germany in January 1923. In protest, the German government halted all reparation payments and called for passive resistance by a...

• Adolf Hitler.

  A Economic Collapse At the end of World War I, the Allies (those countries who had fought against Germany) had demanded that Germany pay reparations—that is, payments for wardamages. The government refused to pay all that was demanded by the Allies. When Germany failed to pay enough, France and Belgium occupied the coal mines in theRuhr industrial area in west central Germany in January 1923. In protest, the German government halted all reparation payments and called for passive resistance by a...

• Adolf Hitler .

  A Economic Collapse At the end of World War I, the Allies (those countries who had fought against Germany) had demanded that Germany pay reparations—that is, payments for wardamages. The government refused to pay all that was demanded by the Allies. When Germany failed to pay enough, France and Belgium occupied the coal mines in theRuhr industrial area in west central Germany in January 1923. In protest, the German government halted all reparation payments and called for passive resistance by a...

• Antarctica - Geography.

  The maximum area of sea ice surrounding Antarctica each winter varies from year to year. A marked decline during the 1970s appears to have reversed in more recentdecades, except in the Antarctic Peninsula area. This area has lost almost 40 percent of its sea ice since the start of the 1980s. Sea ice is important to marine life. Krillfeed on algae that live under the sea ice and are released when the ice melts in spring and summer. In turn, many marine animals feed on krill. Emperor penguinsbreed...

• Vietnam War.

  rigged, since about 150,000 more people voted in Saigon than were registered. Diem then deposed Bao Dai, who had been the only other candidate, and declaredSouth Vietnam to be an independent nation called the Republic of Vietnam (RVN), with himself as president and Saigon as its capital. Vietnamese Communists and manynon-Communist Vietnamese nationalists saw the creation of the RVN as an effort by the United States to interfere with the independence promised at Geneva. III THE BEGINNING OF THE...

• Vietnam War - History.

  rigged, since about 150,000 more people voted in Saigon than were registered. Diem then deposed Bao Dai, who had been the only other candidate, and declaredSouth Vietnam to be an independent nation called the Republic of Vietnam (RVN), with himself as president and Saigon as its capital. Vietnamese Communists and manynon-Communist Vietnamese nationalists saw the creation of the RVN as an effort by the United States to interfere with the independence promised at Geneva. III THE BEGINNING OF THE...

• Vietnam War - U.

  rigged, since about 150,000 more people voted in Saigon than were registered. Diem then deposed Bao Dai, who had been the only other candidate, and declaredSouth Vietnam to be an independent nation called the Republic of Vietnam (RVN), with himself as president and Saigon as its capital. Vietnamese Communists and manynon-Communist Vietnamese nationalists saw the creation of the RVN as an effort by the United States to interfere with the independence promised at Geneva. III THE BEGINNING OF THE...

• Afghanistan - country.

  D Climate Most of Afghanistan has a subarctic mountain climate with dry and cold winters, except for the lowlands, which have arid and semiarid climates. In the mountains and afew of the valleys bordering Pakistan, a fringe effect of the Indian monsoon, coming usually from the southeast, brings moist maritime tropical air in summer.Afghanistan has clearly defined seasons: Summers are hot and winters can be bitterly cold. Summer temperatures as high as 49°C (120°F) have been recorded in thenorth...

• Egypt - country.

  Egypt has a wide variety of mineral deposits, some of which, such as gold and red granite, have been exploited since ancient times. The chief mineral resource ofcontemporary value is petroleum, found mainly in the Red Sea coastal region, at Al ‘Alamayn (El ‘Alamein) on the Mediterranean, and on the Sinai Peninsula. Otherminerals include phosphates, manganese, iron ore, and uranium. Natural gas is also extracted. D Plants and Animals The vegetation of Egypt is confined largely to the Nile Delta,...

• fonction publique (politique & socièté).

  Dans la mesure où les fonctionnaires remplissent des missions de service public, au service de l’intérêt général, ils bénéficient d’un certain nombre de droits tout en étantastreints à certains devoirs. Dans un système organisé selon le principe hiérarchique, le fonctionnaire a un devoir d’obéissance. Cependant, il n’est pas tenu d’obéir à un ordre à la fois manifestementillégal et susceptible de troubler l’ordre public. Le fonctionnaire est tenu au secret professionnel (secret fiscal, secret mi...

• La positivité du droit

  Les sujets • Une loi n'est-elle juste que quand elle est justement appliquée 7 1. La loi doit être juste de façon intrinsèque, sinon le seul fait de l'appliquer constitue déjà une injustice. Il. Mais la loi ne s'applique jamais qu'à des cas particuliers: l'application de la loi suppose une interprétation qui doit être guidée par le souci de justice. Ill. La jurisprudence détermine l'interprétation juste de la loi dans un Ëtat...

• La liberté de penser consiste-t-elle à penser ce que l'on veut ?

  conséquent, nous sommes les maîtres absolus de notre pensée et de nos jugements. La liberté depenser peut donc se définir comme un dialogue de soi avec soi, dialogue qui peut tout à fait, puisquenous en sommes le guide et le maître, porter sur tout et n'importe quoi (entendu comme tout ce qu'onveut, même) · On ne peut donc absolument pas me dicter, m'ordonner de penser ceci plutôt que cela, j'ai la capacité effective de penser ce que je veux, quand je le veux, je peux librement pen...

• Droit au developpement et neo-liberalisme

  Introduction The General Assembly of United Nations in its 161 (XII) resolution of November 26 1957 states: “A balanced and integrated economic and social development would help to promote and maintain peace and security, the social progress and raise the standard of living as well as the recognition and the respect for the human rights and fundamental freedoms” 1 . This declaration lays down so an inherent correlation between the...

• Imperialism I INTRODUCTION Imperialism, practice by which powerful nations or peoples seek to extend and maintain control or influence over weaker nations or peoples.

  prudent to examine the economic impact of imperialism on a case-by-case basis. The political and psychological effects of imperialism are equally difficult to determine. Imperialism has proven both destructive and creative: For better or worse, it hasdestroyed traditional institutions and ways of thinking and has replaced them with the habits and mentality of the Western world. Contributed By:Michael MastandunoMicrosoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

• Arendt: Liberté politique

  l'intersubjectivité qui définit le politique. De même, elle ne saurait être assimilée à une propriété toute « intérieure ».Une liberté qui n'aurait aucune effectivité à l'extérieur de la conscience devient impensable: « Avant de devenir unattribut de la pensée ou une qualité de la volonté, la liberté a été comprise comme le statut de l'homme libre » (paropposition au statut de l‘esclave, en référence à la société athénienne). Le « statut » d'un homme correspond à laplace dont il dispose dans la...

• La première guerre mondiale : une guerre totale.

  concernant cette synthèse. Faites y référence. Par exemple : « La guerre fut aussi psychologique : Les consciencesfurent mobilisées dans la guerre, chaque camp affirme avoir le droit pour lui ! La propagande (comme le montre ledocument 5) et la censure furent abondamment utilisées pour maintenir le moral et la volonté de combattre aussibien des soldats que des civils. »* · Enfin bien sûr ajoutez les informations nécessaires à la question : ici parexemple aucun document n\'indiquait le caractère...

• Computer Animation.

  parametric key-frame animation, interpolates, or blends, the in-between images. Another technique, algorithmic animation, controls motion by applying rules thatgovern how the objects move. When the objects and their behaviors have been specified, each scene is rendered frame-by-frame by the virtual camera and stored;then the final animated feature is played back. Despite the power of today's computers, and the innovations used to accelerate traditional animation processes, modern computer animat...

• Fiche technique : le recours en manquement

  La première phase, précontentieuse, peut être initiée soit par la Commission, soit par un Etat membre. Néanmoins, ilest à noter que le premier cas est le plus répandu: la Commission agit en ce sens en tant que gardienne des traités,tandis qu'il est plus délicat pour un Etat membre d'en "dénoncer" un autre (ce cas de figure où un Etat estrequérant ne s'est en tout présenté que cinq fois jusqu'à 2007). Il est à noter qu'un citoyen ne peut pas demanderà initier la procédure de recours en manquement...

• Dissertation gratuite: Penser est-ce calculer ?

  Leibniz parle de « ce miracle de l'Analyse, prodige du monde des idées, objet presque amphibie entre l'Être et leNon-être ». Entre le monde réel des phénomènes et le monde imaginaire de nos illusions, il y a le monde amphibiedes êtres idéaux et fictifs sur lesquels porte le nouveau calcul. -II- pour calculer il faut s'abstenir de penser : Mais donc si l'on prend en conte le résonnement précédent, une machine, un ordinateur par exemple, capable defaire des calculs serait capable de penser ?Pour q...