49 résultats pour "artistic"
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Artistic interpretation
that a musical passage leads back to the tonic key is to describe it non-interpretively, but to explain it simply as abridge passage is to interpret it, however obviously. 2 Meaning Most theorists of literary criticism agree that the interpretation of literature aims to disclose meanings in texts.They disagree about the ground of such meaning, whether it is simply the semantic conventions of the language,the intentions of authors, or the interpretive activities of readers or critics. But i...
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Acting
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INTRODUCTION
Lee Strasberg
American acting teacher Lee Strasberg was best known for his association with the Actors Studio, of which he became the
artistic director in 1951.
truthfully felt those emotions at the moment they expressed them. Finding the true feeling in the proper place and time on stage, however, was a problem that Aristotleaddressed less well. He concluded that acting was an occupation for the gifted or insane. How to cross the artistic boundary beyond feigned emotions and flat imitation obsessed many Greek actors. In 315 BC the tragedian Polus carried the real ashes of his recently deceased son in an urn to stimulate a sense of genuine grief when h...
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Artistic forgery
pieces, including pure music, where expressiveness is present in the absence of a narrated or depicted content.Whose emotions are expressed thereby and how are they expressed? 3 Arousal theory One suggested answer to the above question is that we ascribe emotions to art works just because those emotions are awakened in us. This is the theory of emotivism or arousalism. Two cases need to bedistinguished. In the first, the art work or some aspect of it is the emotional object of a response in...
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Metalwork
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INTRODUCTION
Metalwork, in the fine arts, objects of artistic, decorative, and utilitarian value made of one or more kinds of metal--from precious to base--fashioned by either casting,
hammering, or joining or a combination of these techniques.
Early Bronze DiskThis disk with the head of Acheloos, an Etruscan river god, was made of bronze, an alloy of copper and tin, sometime inthe early 5th century bc. It comes from the necropolis of Monte Quaglieri in Tarquinia. Alloys are made by smelting twodifferent metals together.Scala/Art Resource, NY Knowledge of smelting ultimately led to knowledge of mixing different ores together in the smelting process to produce simple alloys. This followed an intermediateperiod, about 3000 BC, when comp...
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Artistic taste
objects of nature. Later he turns to the consideration of the exercise of taste in judgments of works of art,developing an elaborate theory of such judgments, but declaring that judgments of beauty made about works of artare inevitably 'impure', because the judge is implicitly aware that the the object was made . Kant's argument for the impurity of such judgments is elliptical. It turns on his conviction that a pure judgment of taste does not involve theapplication of a predicate conce...
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Surrealism
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INTRODUCTION
Surrealism, artistic and literary movement that explored and celebrated the realm of dreams and the unconscious mind through the creation of visual art, poetry, and
motion pictures.
Hieronymus Bosch’s The Garden of Earthly Delights (about 1505-1510).© 2008 Salvador Dali, Gala-Salvador Dali Foundation / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York./Bridgeman Art Library, London/New York Dreams, according to Freud, were the royal road to studying the unconscious, because it is in dreams that our unconscious, primal desires manifest themselves. Theincongruities in dreams, Freud believed, result from a struggle for dominance of ego and id. In attempting to access the real workings of...
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Michelangelo
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INTRODUCTION
Michelangelo (1475-1564), Italian painter, sculptor, architect, and poet whose artistic accomplishments exerted a tremendous influence on his contemporaries and on
subsequent European art.
(17 ft) tall, was carved from a block of stone that another sculptor had left unfinished. Michelangelo drew on the classical tradition in depicting David as a nude,standing with his weight on one leg, the other leg at rest ( see contrapposto). This pose suggests impending movement, and the entire sculpture shows tense waiting, as David sizes up his enemy and considers his course of action. While David reveals Michelangelo's expert knowledge of anatomy (he had been dissecting corpses for about...
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Artistic expression
various types of neural network. Although classical and connectionist AI are often described as utterly distinctparadigms, research in both these approaches commenced because of this paper. Early connectionist work wasfurther encouraged by McCulloch and Pitts in a paper of 1947. They pointed out that the brain is a parallel-processing device, not a sequential one. Moreover, it can function acceptably even when some cells misfire or die,or when the input signal is 'noisy'. The perf...
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Artistic expression
standard way. As a result of realizing that a character in a work is dying unloved one feels sadness for and pitytowards that character. Or, believing that the dramatic potential of the last act was botched by the playwright,one feels disappointed by the play. Or one is delighted by the felicity of a turn in the melody. In the second case,one tends to respond with sadness to works called sad, or with happiness to works said to express happiness.Something in the work calls forth the reaction...
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Value of Art
exactly as good as each other. Sometimes, but not always, the most that can be said about the comparativeranking of two works, whether of the same art form or of different art forms, is that they are of roughly the sameorder of merit. For example,Vermeer's Head of a Girl is undoubtedly a better work than Murillo's The Young Beggar , andMozart's Symphony in G Minor (KV 550) is better than Schubert's Symphony in C Minor ; but if it is conceded that neither the Vermeer nor the Mozart can...
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Ice Skating.
cold climate. Competitors for these events are chosen from the best skaters in each participating country, usually through preliminary national competitions. Speedskaters also compete on a World Cup circuit, which pits the world’s best skaters against one another during the year. A Figure Skating The major types of competitive figure skating are individual men’s and women’s competitions, pairs skating, ice dancing, and precision skating. In individualcompetitions a single skater performs requir...
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Latin American Painting
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INTRODUCTION
Diego Rivera Museum Gallery
The studio of Mexican painter Diego Rivera is now maintained as an art museum in Mexico City.
The Viceroy Arrives at PotosíThe discovery of silver on a hillside near the town of Potosí in 1545 turned this Bolivian city into a key Spanish possessionin the Americas. The population of Potosí shot up until it reached 150,000 inhabitants by the year 1611. The work shownhere, The Viceroy Arrives at Potosí, by 17th-century Bolivian painter Melchor Pérez de Holguín, was painted during thezenith of the town’s fortunes.Archivo Fotografico Oronoz From about 1580 to 1650 European styles became domin...
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Leonardo da Vinci.
Leonardo's stylistic innovations are even more apparent in The Last Supper, in which he represented a traditional theme in an entirely new way. Instead of showing the 12 apostles as individual figures, he grouped them in dynamic compositional units of three, framing the figure of Christ, who is isolated in the center of the picture.Seated before a pale distant landscape seen through a rectangular opening in the wall, Christ—who has just announced that one of those present will betrayhim—repres...
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Artistic interpretation
are automatically devoid of artistic worth, nor even that the fact of forgery is itself grounds for aestheticreappraisal, though these claims have sometimes been made. It will be argued merely that the misrepresentationinvolved in a forgery is likely to have resulted in some other fact about the work being obscured, where thediscovery of this other fact would justifiably lead to an aesthetic reappraisal. The forger, in art and elsewhere,typically presents an object with a ce...
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Native American Art.
folding, braiding or weaving, could also be sewn onto the hide. The production of decorated clothing and bags increased after contact with Europeans as a greater variety of textiles and other materials became available throughtrade. Imported glass beads inspired native women, who quickly adapted quillwork techniques for the creation of beaded apparel. European curvilinear and floraldesigns of the 19th century proved as meaningful for the native women who worked with them as they were for the non...
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Renaissance Art and Architecture
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INTRODUCTION
Renaissance Composition
During the Renaissance (15th and 16th centuries) artists discovered new ways to help them create more realistic and
compelling images.
with reliefs, had been familiar for centuries. A Early Renaissance Sculpture Ghiberti’s Gates of ParadiseThe Gates of Paradise are bronze doors created by Italian Renaissance sculptor Lorenzo Ghiberti between 1425 and 1452for the east entrance to the baptistery of the Florence Cathedral in Italy. This detail, showing Isaac and Esau, is from oneof the doors' ten panels, each of which illustrates a story from the Bible. Ghiberti endowed the scenes with volume, depth,and movement, and helped initi...
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Arte prerrománico.
Iglesia de San LorenzoLa iglesia de San Lorenzo, situada en Bradford-on-Avon, fue construida probablemente entre los siglos VII y X. Los anchos muros, losestrechos arcos redondeados y los pequeños vanos son típicos de la arquitectura anglosajona. Los ángeles que aparecen sobre el arcode coro son un resto poco común de la escultura anglosajona.Hulton Deutsch Procedentes de Noruega, las tribus anglosajonas se afincaron en tierras inglesas, donde recibieron la influencia romana y la celta. Sus cons...
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Arte prerrománico - historia.
Iglesia de San LorenzoLa iglesia de San Lorenzo, situada en Bradford-on-Avon, fue construida probablemente entre los siglos VII y X. Los anchos muros, losestrechos arcos redondeados y los pequeños vanos son típicos de la arquitectura anglosajona. Los ángeles que aparecen sobre el arcode coro son un resto poco común de la escultura anglosajona.Hulton Deutsch Procedentes de Noruega, las tribus anglosajonas se afincaron en tierras inglesas, donde recibieron la influencia romana y la celta. Sus cons...
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O Teatro Moderno Brasileiro
acomodação. Mário de Andrade, Oswald de Andrade, Villa-Lobos, Anita Malfati e tantos outros renovaram a poesia, o romance, a música, a pintura e as demais artes, atualizando-as simultaneamente pelos padrões internacionais provenientes do Futurismo, do Cubismo e dos demais ismos europeus, e pelo mergulho nas fontes brasileiras não convencionais, a começar pela adoção de uma linguagem que se aproximava da fala popular, rompida com a rígida sintaxe lusitana. Não houve uma manifestação artísti...
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Comics
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INTRODUCTION
Comics, series of drawings arranged to tell a story.
is still used to refer to sensationalistic techniques that publishers use to draw more readers to their newspapers. Outcault finally won the right to continue his strip andgradually adopted the panel style and balloon narration that mark “The Yellow Kid” as the first true comic strip. Other early comics included “Little Bears” by JamesSwinnerton, which first appeared in the San Francisco Examiner in 1892, and “The Katzenjammer Kids” by Rudolph Dirks, which first appeared in The American Humo...
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Literatura española - lengua y litteratura.
Antonio de Nebrija, autor de la Gramática de la lengua castellana (1492). En este periodo cobró también forma definitiva la novela de caballerías española más famosa e imitada, el Amadís de Gaula (1508), publicándose posteriormente muchas novelas de caballerías a semejanza suya. Destacan en esta época otros nombres como Alfonso Martínez de Toledo, Arcipreste de Talavera, autor del Corbacho ; Diego de San Pedro y su Cárcel de amor, o el cronista Hernando del Pulgar. La Celestina o Tragic...
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Ludwig van Beethoven
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INTRODUCTION
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827), German composer, considered one of the greatest musicians of all time.
dedication after learning that Napoleon had taken the title of emperor. Beethoven’s other instrumental works from the period of the Eroica also tend to expand the formal framework that he inherited from Haydn and Mozart. The Piano Sonata in C major op. 53 ( Waldstein ) and the Piano Sonata in F minor op. 57 ( Appassionata ), completed in 1804 and 1805 respectively, each employ bold contrasts in harmony, and they use a broadened formal plan, in which the meditative slow movements flow directly...
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Ludwig van Beethoven.
dedication after learning that Napoleon had taken the title of emperor. Beethoven’s other instrumental works from the period of the Eroica also tend to expand the formal framework that he inherited from Haydn and Mozart. The Piano Sonata in C major op. 53 ( Waldstein ) and the Piano Sonata in F minor op. 57 ( Appassionata ), completed in 1804 and 1805 respectively, each employ bold contrasts in harmony, and they use a broadened formal plan, in which the meditative slow movements flow directly...
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Ludwig van Beethoven
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INTRODUCTION
Ludwig van Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven is considered possibly the greatest Western composer of all time.
the other hand, breaks up the opening theme into contrasting segments in different tempi, whereas customary practice called for stating the theme in its entirety at thebeginning of a movement. In the first movement of the Eroica Symphony, one of the major works from Beethoven’s middle period, he again sought ways to expand upon the prevailing musical forms. At that time, composers usually organized movements in three major parts. First, the exposition introduces the musical themes of the pie...
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Historia del cine.
Asalto y robo de un tren tuvo un gran éxito y contribuyó de forma notable a que el cine se convirtiera en un espectáculo masivo. Las pequeñas salas de cine, conocidas como nickelodeones, se extendieron por Estados Unidos, y el cine comenzó a surgir como industria. La mayoría de las películas, de una sola bobina, de la época erancomedias breves, historias de aventuras o grabaciones de actuaciones de los actores teatrales más famosos del momento. 4 LAS PELÍCULAS MUDAS Entre 1909 y 1912 todos los...
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Historia del cine - historia.
Asalto y robo de un tren tuvo un gran éxito y contribuyó de forma notable a que el cine se convirtiera en un espectáculo masivo. Las pequeñas salas de cine, conocidas como nickelodeones, se extendieron por Estados Unidos, y el cine comenzó a surgir como industria. La mayoría de las películas, de una sola bobina, de la época erancomedias breves, historias de aventuras o grabaciones de actuaciones de los actores teatrales más famosos del momento. 4 LAS PELÍCULAS MUDAS Entre 1909 y 1912 todos los...
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Modern Art
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INTRODUCTION
American Gothic
American Gothic was painted by the 20th-century American artist Grant Wood in 1930.
while at the other side a woman in black appears to mourn the end of her participation in the dance. Click on the buttonsto learn more.© Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved. In view of this diversity, it is difficult to define modern art in a way that includes all of 20th-century Western art. For some critics, the most important characteristic ofmodern art is its attempt to make painting and sculpture ends in themselves, thus distinguishing modernism from earlier forms of art that had con...
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Native American Art
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INTRODUCTION
Native American Art, the visual works crafted by indigenous people of North America, starting after their arrival on the continent thousands of years ago and continuing
until the present.
artists in the Ohio area cut delicate flat forms from sheets of mica in the shape of birds, human figures, and large hands. They also carved quite natural-looking birdsand animals on stone platform pipes. These figures sat on the pipe’s flat base, or platform, and on some pipes they were part of the pipe bowl. Prominent people ofthese cultures were buried with a wealth of ornaments, such as jewelry of shells and copper, and headdresses elaborated with animal forms. The period of Mississippian cu...
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Museum.
History museums are dedicated to promoting a greater appreciation and knowledge of history and its importance to understanding the present and anticipating thefuture. They range from historic sites and small historic house museums to large, encyclopedic institutions such as the Smithsonian’s National Museum of AmericanHistory in Washington, D.C. Many cities and states have historical societies that operate museums or historic sites. History museums usually collect a wide range ofobjects, includi...
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Japanese Literature
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INTRODUCTION
Japanese Literature, literature of Japan, in written form from at least the 8th century
AD
to the present.
The Man’yō’sh ū contains about 4,500 poems, most of them composed in the Nara period (710-784). Some of the poems are far older, however, and some of the verses date to earlier collections that have not survived. The work demonstrates a gradual change from basic verses on simple subjects to more sophisticated expressions with a broad range of subject matter. This text also shows the development of poetic forms such as the tanka (short poem), a form structured around alternating lines of 5 an...
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Édouard Manet
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INTRODUCTION
Manet: Tradition and Innovation
French impressionist painter Édouard Manet shocked art audiences in Paris with Le déjeuner sur l'herbe (The Luncheon on
the Grass; 1863, Musée d'Orsay, Paris), which depicts a nude woman at a woodland picnic.
Le Déjeuner sur l’herbeLe Déjeuner sur l’herbe (Luncheon on the Grass) by Édouard Manet was painted in 1863. When it was first displayed, therough brushwork and undefined areas of color were as distressing to the public as the nude woman who was neither aclassical goddess nor a symbol in an allegory. Manet claimed that the real subject of the painting was light, and it was thatphilosophy that gave birth to impressionism.Bridgeman Art Library, London/New York After his father died in 1862, Manet...
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Pablo Picasso.
Color juxtapositions—between blue and orange, for instance—are intentionally strident and unharmonious. The representation of space is fragmented and discontinuous. While the left side of the canvas is largely Iberian-influenced, the right side is inspired by African masks, especially in its striped patterns and oval forms. Suchborrowings, which led to great simplification, distortion, and visual incongruities, were considered extremely daring in 1907. The head of the figure at the bottom right,...
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Pornography.
censorship. Congress passed 20 obscenity laws between 1842 and 1956, most of which were variations of or amendments to the original Comstock Law. Later, Congress passed aseries of antipornography and anti-indecency laws dealing with new forms of technology and with the protection of children. The Protection of Children Against SexualExploitation Act of 1977 prohibits anyone from employing or inducing a minor to participate in sexual conduct or in the making of pornography. In 1988 Congresspassed...
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Silk Road - History.
and high in value because they were carried on the backs of the limited number of camels in each caravan. Thus, of necessity they were luxury items, not bulky rawmaterials or essential goods for daily use. The oases and towns along the route, which were located in or near remote areas, profited from the Silk Road trade and reliedon it for their existence. The great empires of Persia, China, and Rome, however, could easily have survived without the commerce in luxury goods. V SPREAD OF RELIGION A...
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Exhibitions and Expositions.
A Louisiana Purchase Exposition In 1904, St. Louis, Missouri, organized an exposition in celebration of the centennial of the Louisiana Purchase. The exposition, which cost about $20 million, attractedalmost 20 million persons and showed a profit of about $25 million. B Panama-Pacific International Exposition The Panama-Pacific International Exposition was held in San Francisco in 1915 to celebrate the construction and opening of the Panama Canal. More than $50 millionwas spent on this exposit...
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Coins and Coin Collecting.
U.S. coins dates from 1909, when the first Lincoln Cents appeared during the centennial of Abraham Lincoln’s birth. George Washington’s profile was used on thequarter-dollar of 1932, a coin originally intended as a one-year commemorative to honor the 200th anniversary of his birth. The design quickly became so popular thatit was retained for regular-issue quarters and is still being used today. Thomas Jefferson, Franklin D. Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy, and Dwight D. Eisenhower are theother Americ...
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Orthodox Church.
formally defined by an ecumenical council, as it was in Catholicism, some Orthodox theologians have taught that the act of becoming a monk or the service of burial canalso be sacraments. The sacramental practice of the Orthodox differs in many details from Western customs. Baptism is administered by immersing the child or adult three times under thewater, each time in the name of one of the persons of the Trinity. It is followed immediately by anointment with chrism, a sacred perfumed oil that r...
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New York (city) - geography.
The Bronx is the fourth largest and the northernmost of the five boroughs, and the only one on the American mainland. Even so, it is surrounded by water on threesides: Long Island Sound on the east, the Harlem and East rivers on the south, and Hudson River on the west. Encompassing 109 sq km (42 sq mi), it had 1,332,650inhabitants in 2000. Largely residential, the Bronx includes dozens of vibrant neighborhoods. Fieldston is particularly elegant, with great stone houses set among spacious lawns a...
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Artistic style
The ancient rhetoricians discussed style in terms of rhetorical figures, both semantic (such as metaphor andpersonification) and syntactic (such as asyndeton and antithesis). Contemporary stylisticians and discourseanalysts have used modern linguistic techniques to identify particular stylistic features of poems, plays and ordinarydiscourse. Style in this sense is identified as how something is said rather than what is said: with form rather thancontent. Very different things can be s...
- Value of Art
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Cartografía - geografía.
desorden sean mínimos y el mapa resulte legible. Pero los mapas no sólo son creaciones artísticas que muestran las habilidades de sus creadores, sino que son, al mismo tiempo, documentos históricos y sociológicos. Así,los primeros mapas producidos por instituciones cartográficas oficiales, a comienzos del siglo XIX, suponen un archivo de información de vital importancia sobre la evolucióndel paisaje hasta nuestros días, ya que muestran industrias olvidadas y antiguas líneas de ferrocarril o cami...
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Arte persa.
(409-358 a.C.). La arquitectura vinculada a la dinastía de los Aqueménidas abarca también tumbas excavadas en la roca, como los hipogeos egipcios, de entre las quedestacan las de Naqshah Rostam, cerca de Persépolis. Apenas se conocen ejemplos de arquitectura popular o doméstica, aunque los arqueólogos creen que la viviendatípica se construía con ladrillos de adobe. Brazalete de grifosEste brazalete de oro fue realizado en Persia durante la dinastía Aqueménida (c. 550-330áa.C.) y forma parte del...
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Arte persa - historia.
(409-358 a.C.). La arquitectura vinculada a la dinastía de los Aqueménidas abarca también tumbas excavadas en la roca, como los hipogeos egipcios, de entre las quedestacan las de Naqshah Rostam, cerca de Persépolis. Apenas se conocen ejemplos de arquitectura popular o doméstica, aunque los arqueólogos creen que la viviendatípica se construía con ladrillos de adobe. Brazalete de grifosEste brazalete de oro fue realizado en Persia durante la dinastía Aqueménida (c. 550-330áa.C.) y forma parte del...
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Arte del renacimiento.
Florencia fue el epicentro del renacimiento artístico de Italia, aunque otras regiones sirvieron también de escenario de importantes maestros a lo largo de este periodo.Pisanello, natural de Verona, trabajó para varios de los pequeños ducados como el de los Gonzaga en Mantua o el de Este en Ferrara. Poseía un alto refinamiento en suestilo más lírico y más fluido que Masaccio. Entre sus realizaciones se encuentran la serie de medallas de retratos en bronce, muy cotizadas entre sus mecenasaristocr...
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Arte del renacimiento - historia.
Florencia fue el epicentro del renacimiento artístico de Italia, aunque otras regiones sirvieron también de escenario de importantes maestros a lo largo de este periodo.Pisanello, natural de Verona, trabajó para varios de los pequeños ducados como el de los Gonzaga en Mantua o el de Este en Ferrara. Poseía un alto refinamiento en suestilo más lírico y más fluido que Masaccio. Entre sus realizaciones se encuentran la serie de medallas de retratos en bronce, muy cotizadas entre sus mecenasaristocr...
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Theater
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INTRODUCTION
The Art of Theater
BBC Worldwide Americas, Inc.
Theater at EpidaurusAncient Greek dramas were performed in open-air theaters like this one in Epidaurus, Greece, which was designed byPolyclitus the Younger in 350 bc. A festival of ancient Greek drama is still held in the summer in this 14,000-seat theater.Roger Wood/Corbis Fundamental to the theater experience is the act of seeing and being seen; in fact, the word theater comes from the Greek word theatron , meaning 'seeing place.' Throughout the history of world cultures, actors have used...
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Puppets
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INTRODUCTION
Punch and Judy
Punch and Judy are characters in an English hand puppet show that first appeared in 1662.
Rod puppets are controlled by rods attached to their limbs, heads, and bodies. Although the traditional rod puppets of Belgium and Sicily are worked from above, likemarionettes, most contemporary rod figures are operated from below. In theaters, rod puppeteers are frequently concealed from view by drapery or stage flats (fabric stretched across frames). On television and in films, rod and hand puppeteers usually hold their figures either above their heads or in front of their faces. In the lat...
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Tragedy
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INTRODUCTION
Euripides
Unlike other 5th-century BC Greek playwrights, tragic poet Euripides addressed the plight of the common people, rather
than that of mythic heroes.
SenecaSeneca was a Roman philosopher, dramatist, and statesman. His tragedies later influenced Renaissance dramatists,including William Shakespeare. The bust of Seneca shown here is a Roman copy of a Greek original.Art Resource, NY Aeschylus is one of the best known of the ancient Greek tragic playwrights. The author of some 90 plays, he established many of the conventions of the tragic dramaticform, which he perfected throughout his career. Aeschylus's skillful use of poetic language and brilli...
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English Literature
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INTRODUCTION
English Literature, literature produced in England, from the introduction of Old English by the Anglo-Saxons in the 5th century to the present.
evident. That feature is typical of other Old English literature, for almost all of what survives was preserved by monastic copyists. Most of it was actually composed byreligious writers after the early conversion of the people from their faith in the older Germanic divinities. Sacred legend and story were reduced to verse in poems resembling Beowulf in form. At first such verse was rendered in the somewhat simple, stark style of the poems of Caedmon, a humble man of the late 7th century who w...