1321 résultats pour "control"
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Development (biology) - biology.
Understanding the molecular machinery within cells gives biologists a direct basis for understanding growth, because growth is the synthesis of new protoplasm, andbiologists know the basic mechanism of this synthesis. One key gap, however, exists in this knowledge. Biologists want to know not only how substances aresynthesized but also how growth is controlled so that the proportions of an animal or plant remain consistent from generation to generation. The direction and amountof growth, which a...
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Côntrol de lecture III
3- Disque d’ or (disco de oro). 4- Une base (un bajo). 5- Guitare (guitarra). 6- Maison de disques (casa discográfica). 7- Une tournée (gira). 8- Chante (canto). 9- Je fais ma musique (Yo hago mi música). 10- Bobines (bobinas). Permission Train 1- Le train corail (el tren coral, su nombre proviene de la unión de confort + rail). 2- Ma place (mi asiento). 3- Le filet à bagage (portaequipajes). 4- Le compartiment (el compartimento). 5- Wagon- restaurant (vagón restaurante). 6- Billet (billete)...
- Anglais Gun control
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Airplane.
For example, the Anglo-French Concorde, a commercial supersonic aircraft, was generally limited to over-water routes, or to those over sparsely populated regions ofthe world. This limitation impacted the commercial viability of the Concorde, which ended its regular passenger service in October 2003. Designers today believe theycan help lessen the impact of sonic booms created by supersonic airliners but probably cannot eliminate them. One of the most difficult practical barriers to supersonic fl...
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pharmaceutique, industrie - Mécedine.
2.7 Progrès et échecs Durant les années 1950, les industries pharmaceutiques, en plein essor, consacrent de plus en plus de moyens à la recherche et au développement. De nouveauxantibiotiques, comme les pénicillines semi-synthétiques, sont introduits afin de lutter contre des bactéries résistantes aux produits plus anciens. Des antihistaminiques,destinés à traiter des allergies, font leur apparition ainsi que des analgésiques, des somnifères et des anesthésiques. Toutefois, ces progrès indéniab...
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Holy Roman Empire
I
INTRODUCTION
Holy Roman Empire, political entity of lands in western and central Europe, founded by Charlemagne in
AD
800 and dissolved by Emperor Francis II in 1806.
acquired the imperial title and an area running from the North Sea through Lotharingia (Lorraine) and Burgundy to northern Italy; Louis II received East Francia (theGerman duchies of Saxony, Swabia, and Bavaria). In 870 Lothair’s middle kingdom was divided by the Treaty of Mersen, which gave Lotharingia to East Francia and therest to West Francia. This division created the foundation for today’s states of Germany and France, respectively; however, in the 9th century these were highly fractured d...
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Holy Roman Empire .
acquired the imperial title and an area running from the North Sea through Lotharingia (Lorraine) and Burgundy to northern Italy; Louis II received East Francia (theGerman duchies of Saxony, Swabia, and Bavaria). In 870 Lothair’s middle kingdom was divided by the Treaty of Mersen, which gave Lotharingia to East Francia and therest to West Francia. This division created the foundation for today’s states of Germany and France, respectively; however, in the 9th century these were highly fractured d...
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Jerusalem - geography.
There are many other artifacts in the city, tied to various periods of history; those of Canaanite, Israelite, Greek, Roman, Arab, Crusader, and Ottoman origin areamong the more prominent. Modern attractions include the Israel Museum (completed in 1965), which houses the Shrine of the Book, where the Dead Sea Scrolls areexhibited; the Rockefeller Museum (opened in 1938), which contains archaeological finds; the Yad Vashem Holocaust Museum; the Museum of Biblical Archaeology; theMuseum of Islamic...
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Conseil constitutionnel (cours de droit public).
du-Rhône, où près de 800 procurations irrégulières avaient été rédigées en faveur d’un candidat aux législatives. Dans le cas des élections présidentielles et desréférendums, le Conseil constitutionnel a non seulement une fonction juridictionnelle, qui lui permet d’annuler, le cas échéant, des élections irrégulières, mais égalementune fonction consultative. Ainsi, il lui revient d’émettre à l’intention du gouvernement un avis préalable aux élections sur les textes (décrets, convocation des élect...
- controle
- controle SES
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Air Pollution.
Several pollutants attack the ozone layer. Chief among them is the class of chemicals known as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), formerly used as refrigerants (notably in airconditioners), as agents in several manufacturing processes, and as propellants in spray cans. CFC molecules are virtually indestructible until they reach thestratosphere. Here, intense ultraviolet radiation breaks the CFC molecules apart, releasing the chlorine atoms they contain. These chlorine atoms begin reacting withozone, br...
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Brain.
The hypothalamus lies beneath the thalamus on the midline at the base of the brain. It regulates or is involved directly in the control of many of the body's vital drivesand activities, such as eating, drinking, temperature regulation, sleep, emotional behavior, and sexual activity. It also controls the function of internal body organs bymeans of the autonomic nervous system, interacts closely with the pituitary gland, and helps coordinate activities of the brain stem. D Brain Stem The brain st...
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Latin American Independence.
be inferior and were not permitted a university education. In the lowest caste were the African slaves. As the Spanish monarchy tried to increase its authority, it was hampered by the power of the Catholic Church. The church, including various religious orders, hadacquired great wealth, including large holdings of land, in the colonies. The Jesuit order especially had gained extraordinary wealth and political influence, and it alsocontrolled much of the university and high school education in th...
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Submarine.
B Propulsion Modern submarines use either diesel-electric or nuclear power to drive the sub's propeller and to provide internal electric power. Diesel-electric power emerged as themost efficient propulsion system for submarines in the early 20th century, following unsuccessful attempts to use steam or gasoline power. While on the surface, thesubmarine uses a diesel engine to drive the propeller and generate electricity. When submerged, a battery-driven electrical motor takes over for propulsion...
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Diabetes Mellitus.
Once diabetes is diagnosed, treatment consists of controlling the amount of glucose in the blood and preventing complications. Depending on the type of diabetes, thiscan be accomplished through regular physical exercise, a carefully controlled diet, and medication. Individuals with Type 1 diabetes must receive insulin, often two to four times a day, to provide the body with the hormone it does not produce. Insulin cannot be takenorally, because it is destroyed in the digestive system. Consequent...
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Nile - Geography.
The Nile is also a source of hydroelectric power ( see Waterpower), although the river’s potential as a source of electricity has yet to be fully exploited. Dams to provide hydroelectricity (and control flooding) have been constructed along the Nile in Egypt, Sudan, and Uganda. Additional hydroelectric projects are planned. IV HISTORY OF THE NILE A Ancient Egypt and the Nile The first great African civilization developed in the northern Nile Valley in Egypt in about 3300 BC. Settlements alon...
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Anatomy.
The body defends itself against foreign proteins and infectious microorganisms by means of a complex dual system that depends on recognizing a portion of the surfacepattern of the invader. The two parts of the system are termed cellular immunity, in which lymphocytes are the effective agent, and humoral immunity, based on theaction of antibody molecules. When particular lymphocytes recognize a foreign molecular pattern (termed an antigen), they release antibodies in great numbers; other lymphocy...
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Sistema de Posicionamiento Global
1
INTRODUCCIÓN
Sistema de Posicionamiento Global
Puesta en órbita de un satélite Navstar de Sistema de Posicionamiento Global (GPS) mediante cohetes Delta.
satélites desde Cabo Cañaveral, en Florida, Estados Unidos. Los satélites GPS se desplazan en órbitas circulares a 17.440 km de altitud, invirtiendo 12 horas en cada una delas órbitas. Éstas tienen una inclinación de 55° para asegurar la cobertura de las regiones polares. La energía la proporcionan células solares, por lo que los satélites seorientan continuamente dirigiendo los paneles solares hacia el Sol y las antenas hacia la Tierra. Cada satélite cuenta con cuatro relojes atómicos. La divis...
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Eritrea - country.
1993 decree set up a formal transitional government under EPLF control. This provided for a National Assembly, a president, and council of ministers. Isaias Afwerki,secretary general of the EPLF, was formally elected president by the National Assembly in June 1993. A new constitution was approved in 1997. Under this constitution, the National Assembly is the country’s legislature. Its members are popularly elected to five-yearterms. A president, elected by the National Assembly to a five-year te...
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Democratic Party.
At the beginning of the 20th century the Democrats’ minority position among voters remained central to their existence. The Progressive split in Republican rankshelped elect Woodrow Wilson twice, but the entry of the United States into World War I ended that. The war, popular at first, backfired against the Wilsonadministration when large numbers of German Americans and Irish Americans protested with their votes against U.S. involvement on England’s side. The result wasanother Republican landsli...
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Indian Treaties in Canada - Canadian History.
Pontiac led an attack on British forts in the Great Lakes area to end British domination and to reinforce Indian autonomy. In response, British king George III issued theRoyal Proclamation of 1763 to try to appease the Indians of the interior. The proclamation set aside land for the Indians west of the Appalachian Mountains anddescribed this land as “lands reserved to [Indians] … as their Hunting Grounds.” The proclamation not only recognized Indian land ownership, but also required thattreaties...
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Federal Reserve System.
and their powers were also expanded. For example, discount rates now had to be approved periodically by the board. Sales and purchases of governmentsecurities—the open-market operation that previously had been managed solely at the discretion of the presidents of the reserve banks—were centralized in the FederalOpen Market Committee (FOMC), consisting of the seven governors, the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and four other reserve bank presidentsserving on a rotating basis....
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Conservación - ciencias de la naturaleza.
pequeños que no pueden serrarse en tablones, y los llamados árboles inferiores. Véase Bosque; Incendios forestales; Silvicultura. 5 CONSERVACIÓN DE LOS PASTIZALES Uno de los principios de la conservación de las tierras de pastos es usar sólo parte (más o menos la mitad) de la producción anual de plantas forrajeras para favorecer elcrecimiento y reproducción de plantas sanas. Además, a cada prado se le asigna el número de animales que pueden sustentarse adecuadamente en él y a éstos sólo se l...
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Les satellites font désormais partie de notre vie quotidienne, et nous en sommes tous
des usagers directs ou indirects.
l'ombre de la Terre, le soumettant à de fortes variations de température (par exemple, - 100 oC / + 100 oC). La conception, la réalisation, les essais et les contrôles doivent tenir compte de ces impératifs. Le premier satellite, Spoutnik-1, n'avait tourné que 21 jours. Les satellites commerciaux actuels sont conçus pour fonctionner sept ans au moins. Certains satellites sont toujours en ordre de marche dix ans après leur lancement, et l'on vise maintenant des durées de vie de quinze ans. Com...
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Obesity.
of a day, contributing to the development of obesity. V TREATMENTS FOR OBESITY Obesity can become a chronic lifelong condition caused by overeating, physical inactivity, and even genetic makeup. No matter what the cause, however, obesity can beprevented or managed with a combination of diet, exercise, behavior modification, and in severe cases, weight-loss medications and surgery. A Diets The most common and conservative treatment for obesity utilizes a nutritionally balanced, low calorie diet...
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données, transmission de - informatique.
Dans le cas simple d’un ordinateur isolé, les distances parcourues par les données à transmettre étant relativement courtes, l’objectif est d’obtenir de très grandes vitesses de transfert. En général, le microprocesseur, la mémoire vive, les contrôleurs de disque, le système d’affichage vidéo et autres interfaces sont reliés par des sortes d’autoroutes électroniques appelées bus, assurant chacune le transport d’un type spécifique d’informations (données, adresses, etc.). Chaque bus se compose d’...
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Poly complet L2 2019-2020.pdf anglais
CONTROLE DES CONNAISSANCES SEMESTRE 3 1-Deux tests de Contrôle Continu obligatoire -un test de vocabulaire sur le lexique de la fin du polycopié – au TD 7 (25%) -un test de compréhension orale (au TD 13 ) + note travail TD non présentiel . (25%) 2-Un examen terminal sur les articles étudiés en co urs, vocabulaire, compréhension , expression, grammaire (50%) SEMESTRE 4 Le contrôle des connaissances est composé de : 1-Deux tests de Contrôle Continu obligatoi...
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Richard Bennett.
that had existed since 1920. He used able people from various government departments to write legislation, to negotiate trade agreements, and to act as economicadvisers. He also built up the political and secret work of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. A Tariff Policy Bennett's tariff policy combined protection for Canadian farmers and manufacturers and special treatment for nations that were members of the British Commonwealth.In 1932, at a Commonwealth economic conference, a series of agree...
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Richard Bennett - Canadian History.
that had existed since 1920. He used able people from various government departments to write legislation, to negotiate trade agreements, and to act as economicadvisers. He also built up the political and secret work of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. A Tariff Policy Bennett's tariff policy combined protection for Canadian farmers and manufacturers and special treatment for nations that were members of the British Commonwealth.In 1932, at a Commonwealth economic conference, a series of agree...
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Faut-il contrôler le progrès technique ?
Selon Hans Jonas dans le Principe La technique a transformé en profondeur l'essence de l'agir humain. La technique a considérablement augmentée la portée de l'agir humain. La portée causale déborde tout ce que l'on a connuautrefois. La promesse technique s'est transformée en menace, ce que l'homme pourra faire à l'avenir n'a pasd'équivalence par le passé. Aujourd'hui, les conséquences de certains actes ne seront visibles que dans quelquescentaines d'années. L'exemple de la polluti...
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L'imagination est-elle une mémoire sans contrôle ?
l'apparence (pas de problématisation des données empiriques). La connaissance objective, elle, exige une rupture.L'imaginaire — et la formation qui lui correspond — ne se réduit donc pas à la perception ; il est faux de dire qu'il enpart. • Bachelard a souligné très fortement cette différence, en montrant que l'imagination est créatrice et non passeulement « reproductrice » : elle déforme les images, en invente d'autres, et prolifère sans cesse au gré d'uneaffectivité qui s'investit con...
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Virus (computer).
how closely it resembles a virus. It relies on experience with previous viruses to predict the likelihood that a suspicious file is an as-yet unidentified or unclassified newvirus. Other types of antiviral software include monitoring software and integrity-shell software. Monitoring software is different from scanning software. It detects illegal orpotentially damaging viral activities such as overwriting computer files or reformatting the computer's hard drive. Integrity-shell software establis...
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Political Parties.
In both Britain and the United States, competition between political parties undermined traditional conceptions of politics rooted in classical and Christian notions ofvirtue and public service. According to this tradition, political leaders should act according to a model of virtue that involved placing the common good above theinterests of a fraction of the society. Leaders acting to benefit only themselves or a narrow portion of the society were considered corrupt. However, party competitionr...
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Simón Bolívar.
Again, he expressed his dislike of federalism and his preference for strong centralized republics. He felt that Venezuela and New Granada should unite into a centralizedrepublic, which would be called Colombia. This new republic would have an elected executive and a legislature consisting of an elected lower house and a hereditaryupper house. Lastly, he spoke about the need for a union of all the countries in Spanish America to ensure prosperity and security after independence. IV BOLÍVAR AS MI...
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Controle de constitutionnalité des lois et la démocratie
Le contrôle de constitutionnalité des lois et la démocratie. « Le principe de tout gouvernement doit être qu’une loi du Parlement contraire à la Constitution est nulle. » Il s’agit d’une citation de 1803 dans l’arrêt Marbury contre Madison rendu par la Cour Suprême des Etats-Unis. Le principe de l’Etat est qu’une loi du Parlement qui contredit la Constitution n’est pas efficace, car la démocratie est un pouvoir donné au peuple et non à l’Etat, c’est pour cela que le Parlement ne peut pas...
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Federal Republic of Germany - country.
B Rivers and Lakes Rivers have played a major role in Germany’s economic development. The Rhine River flows in a northwesterly direction from Switzerland through much of westernGermany and The Netherlands into the North Sea. It is a major European waterway and a pillar of commerce and trade. Its primary German tributaries include theMain, Mosel, Neckar, and Ruhr rivers. The Oder (Odra) River, along the border between Poland and Germany, runs northward and empties into the Baltic; it provides an...
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Alcoholism.
Although a consensus is growing among health professionals that alcohol dependence is a disease, society’s attitudes toward individuals with drinking problems remainambivalent and confused. Until the mid-20th century, the typical picture of the alcoholic was of someone without steady employment, unable to sustain familyrelationships and most likely in desperate financial straits. But this stereotype was largely dispelled when highly respected people publicly admitted their alcoholdependence and...
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Ohio - geography.
conflict with modified Gulf air and causing frontal or cyclonic storms. Gulf air is dominant in summer. In fall, polar air passing over Lake Erie is modified, delaying thekilling frost along the adjacent shoreline. C1 Temperatures The mean annual temperatures for the state range from 9° C (48° F) in the northeast to 13° C (55° F) in the south. Average January temperatures range from -4° C(24° F) in the west to 2° C (35° F) in the south. July averages are 24° C (76° F) in the south and 23° C (73...
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Ohio - USA History.
conflict with modified Gulf air and causing frontal or cyclonic storms. Gulf air is dominant in summer. In fall, polar air passing over Lake Erie is modified, delaying thekilling frost along the adjacent shoreline. C1 Temperatures The mean annual temperatures for the state range from 9° C (48° F) in the northeast to 13° C (55° F) in the south. Average January temperatures range from -4° C(24° F) in the west to 2° C (35° F) in the south. July averages are 24° C (76° F) in the south and 23° C (73...
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National Socialism .
VII THE PARTY IN THE REICHSTAG The movement grew rapidly, recruiting thousands of discharged civil servants, ruined shopkeepers and small-business owners, impoverished farmers, workersdisillusioned with the Socialist and Communist parties, and a host of frustrated and embittered young people of all classes, brought up in the postwar years and withouthope of personal economic security. In the Reichstag elections of 1930 the National Socialists polled almost 6.5 million votes (more than 18 perce...
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Droit Administratif des Biens : Commentaire d'arrêt : CE 1972 « Société Civile Sainte-Marie de l'Assomption »
bâtiment entrainées par cette opération qui est de nature a entacher d'illégalité la déclaration d'utilité publique. De part cette décision qui accroit donc, les pouvoirs dujuge quant à ses moyens de contrôles juridictionnels, nous pouvons admettre que pour une fois le gouvernement des juges est ici bienveillant voire altruiste, ce qui estexceptionnel (B).B – Un gouvernement des juges étonnamment altruisteDepuis l'arrêt du Conseil d'Etat « Cambieri » de 1938, rendu des suites des conclusions du...
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suspension, système de.
Les axes d’articulation des bras (des triangles) avant présentent une disposition anti-plongée qui s’oppose à la tendance à piquer du nez sous l’effet du transfert de poids vers l’avant qui se produit au freinage. Les axes d’articulation arrière présentent une disposition anti-accroupissement qui compense la tendance à lever le nez sous l’effet du transfert de poids vers l’arrière qui se produit à l’accélération. Il existe plusieurs conceptions de suspension avant et arrière, notamment les types...
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Scramble for Africa.
additional territorial grabs. The most significant of these rules stated that colonial powers were obligated to notify each other when they claimed African territory.Further, subsequent “effective occupation” of the claimed area was necessary for the claim to remain valid. Through it all, as Europeans negotiated their rights toAfrican territory, not a single African was present. Once the conference was over, it was clear that a European Scramble for African territories was underway. Southern Afr...
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l'administration et son environnement
A- L’influence du régime politique sur l’administration C’est d’abord la nature du régime politique en place qui conditionne le pouvoir administratif (régime présidentiel, régime parlementaire, régime de confusion des pouvoirs etc…) ensuite le système des partis politiques (parti unique ou multipartisme). C’est enfin l’action des groupes de pression (syndicats, confréries, etc…). 1- La nature du régime Dans un régime présidentiel, les membres du pou...
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concentration.
croisées, on est en présence d'un groupe, sans que l'on puisse toujours définir quelle est la société mère qui contrôle réellement l'ensemble. Le portefeuille d'actions qui assure la cohérence du groupe (appelé trust aux États-Unis ou Konzern en Allemagne) est souvent géré par une société purement financière, la holding. Les objectifs de la concentration sont de trois ordres :– la recherche d'un meilleur contrôle des débouchés pour une marchandise déterminée ; la concentration horiz...
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L'analyse comparative du pouvoir exécutif en France et en Grande Bretagne
conforment aux obligations de la Convention européenne des droits de l'homme et confère aux citoyens le droit à réparation financière en cas de manquement àcette obligation. Dans de nombreux cas la Convention autorise des entraves aux droits de l'homme pour des raisons d'intérêt public, pourvu toutefois que cesentraves soient proportionnées. Lorsqu'une contestation est fondée sur les droits de l'homme, le juge doit souvent s’interroger sur la question de savoir si leresponsable en cause s'est co...
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science
of the catalyst, including selectivity for the case of more complex catalytic pathways. Figure 2B suggests the local regeneration of deactivated areas as one possible starting point for such a design. In the case of island- forming reactants, for which the reaction oc- curs at the perimeter of these islands (34,35), the generation of additional boundaries should enhance reaction rates. What are good feedback laws for these objectives, and how can they be implemented? Hierarchical con- trol schem...
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- Demande de stage. Contrôle douanier
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Business.
The most common form of ownership is a sole proprietorship —that is, a business owned by one individual. At the beginning of the 21st century, there were more than 17 million sole proprietorships in the United States. These businesses have the advantage of being easy to set up and to dissolve because few laws exist to regulatethem. Proprietors, as owners, also maintain direct control of their businesses and own all their profits. On the other hand, owners of proprietorships are personallyrespon...