245 résultats pour "congress"

• Abolitionist Movement - U.

  The American Revolution (1775-1783) and the French Revolution (1789-1799), widely seen as revolutions by citizens against oppressive rulers, transformed thisEnlightenment assertion into a call for universal liberty and freedom. The successful slave revolt that began in the French colony of Saint-Domingue in 1791 was part of this revolutionary age. Led by François Dominique ToussaintLouverture, black rebels overthrew the colonial government, ended slavery in the colony, and in 1804 established th...

• Népal (1994-1995) En juillet 1994, 32 députés dissidents du Nepali Congress, le parti majoritaire, ont provoqué la chute du gouvernement...

  Népal (1994-1995) En juillet 1994, 32 députés dissidents du Nepali Congress, le parti majoritaire, ont provoqué la chute du gouvernement de Girija Prasad Koirala. Ce dernier est resté en fonction jusqu'à la tenue d'élections législatives anticipées, le 15 novembre 1994. Des candidatures multiples du Nepali Congress dans la plupart des circonscriptions ont largement contribué à la victoire du Parti marxiste-léniniste unifié (UML), qui a obtenu 88 des 210 sièges. Man Mohan Adhikari (soixante-quin...

• Népal (1996-1997) Le 6 mars 1997, le cabinet de coalition formé dix-huit mois plus tôt par le Nepali Congress et...

  Népal (1996-1997) Le 6 mars 1997, le cabinet de coalition formé dix-huit mois plus tôt par le Nepali Congress et le Parti national démocrate (RPP), et dirigé par Sher Bahadur Deuba, a été censuré à la Chambre des représentants. Pour la seconde fois depuis la restauration du multipartisme en 1990, la défection de certains députés du Congress a obligé ce dernier à quitter le gouvernement. Le 12 mars, Lokendra Bahadur Chand, dirigeant du RPP qui avait été Premier ministre sous le régime autoritair...

• syndicat (politique & socièté).

  Mikhaïl Aleksandrovitch BakounineRoger Viollet/Getty Images L’histoire du syndicalisme apparaît marquée par l’existence de deux grands courants de pensée, le syndicalisme révolutionnaire et le syndicalisme réformiste, qui imposentdeux types différents d’action syndicale. Le syndicalisme révolutionnaire trouve ses origines dans la théorie anarchiste. La doctrine anarchiste et le syndicalisme révolutionnaire naissent du débat qui oppose à partirde 1864, au sein de la I re Internationale, les par...

• syndicat 1 PRÉSENTATION syndicat, groupement de personnes exerçant leur activité dans une même branche de métier ou dans un même secteur d'activité, visant à assurer la défense de leurs intérêts professionnels et de leurs conditions de travail.

  Mikhaïl Aleksandrovitch BakounineRoger Viollet/Getty Images L’histoire du syndicalisme apparaît marquée par l’existence de deux grands courants de pensée, le syndicalisme révolutionnaire et le syndicalisme réformiste, qui imposentdeux types différents d’action syndicale. Le syndicalisme révolutionnaire trouve ses origines dans la théorie anarchiste. La doctrine anarchiste et le syndicalisme révolutionnaire naissent du débat qui oppose à partirde 1864, au sein de la I re Internationale, les parti...

• Article de presse: La si longue patience du dalaï-lama

  pouvoirs politiques". L'immense respect dont jouit le dalaï-lama chez ses compatriotes est cependant perçu par certains comme un frein à lapoursuite de la lutte : chez les jeunes et chez certains intellectuels appartenant à une génération qui n'a jamais connu le Tibet "del'intérieur", on sent parfois une certaine frustration, voire de la colère et de la déception, à l'égard des prises de position politiquesdu dalaï-lama. Ce dernier, qui ne cesse d'appeler les Chinois au dialogue, a depuis lon...

• Article de presse: L'Inde aussi s'est éveillée

  des années 90, le secteur public absorbait 40 % de l'investissement du pays pour réaliser seulement 27 % du produit intérieurbrut, tout en employant 70 % de la force de travail officielle... Tous ces facteurs finiront, bien plus tard, par enterrer le modèle nehruvien, et finalement celui du "système congressiste" du Partidu Congrès, formation dominée pendant quarante ans par la famille des Nehru-Gandhi. Au temps d'Indira Gandhi, la fille de Nehru, qui sera premier ministre entre 1966 et 19...

• Washington, D.

  South of the Federal Triangle is the Mall, a narrow park stretching roughly 1.6 km (1 mi) from the Capitol to the Washington Monument. Although the Mall officially ends at14th Street, landscaped greenery extends to the Potomac. The Washington Monument, whose marble shaft dominates the skyline, stands 169 m (555 ft) high near thecenter of this parkland. The interior of the monument is hollow, and visitors may either climb its 898 steps or ride its elevator 150 m (500 ft) for a magnificent view. A...

• Lesotho - country.

  V GOVERNMENT Under the terms of the constitution of 1965, which was suspended in 1970, Lesotho was a constitutional monarchy with a bicameral legislature. After a coup in 1986,legislative and executive powers were vested in the king but actually exercised by a 6-member military council and a 20-member council of ministers. In 1993 Lesothoadopted a new constitution that redefined the role of the monarchy and altered the legislative branch of the government. The king, who is head of state, has no...

• Calvin Coolidge.

  By 1923 President Harding was faced with a number of difficulties. A business depression, which had begun in 1922, continued. In addition, the Republican majorities inboth houses of Congress were reduced in the election of 1922, and a discontented farm bloc of Western Republican senators threatened to destroy the Senate majorityby allying with the Democrats. Finally, it was rumored that major scandals involving Harding's friends were about to break. The rumors were soon proved accurate. The dire...

• Calvin Coolidge

  By 1923 President Harding was faced with a number of difficulties. A business depression, which had begun in 1922, continued. In addition, the Republican majorities inboth houses of Congress were reduced in the election of 1922, and a discontented farm bloc of Western Republican senators threatened to destroy the Senate majorityby allying with the Democrats. Finally, it was rumored that major scandals involving Harding's friends were about to break. The rumors were soon proved accurate. The dire...

• Water Pollution.

  Cryptosporidium in the water supply of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, sickened more than 400,000 people and killed more than 100. H Thermal Pollution Water is often drawn from rivers, lakes, or the ocean for use as a coolant in factories and power plants. The water is usually returned to the source warmer than when itwas taken. Even small temperature changes in a body of water can drive away the fish and other species that were originally present, and attract other species in placeof them. Thermal pol...

• Gambling.

  C Lotteries Lotteries are another form of gambling. In a lottery, tickets are sold for a set amount and a share of the proceeds is returned to the winners, usually through a randomdraw. Most games allow players to pick their own numbers or let a computer randomly pick for them. Lotteries offer a wide variety of games, including weekly drawings,instant “scratch” tickets, daily games, and superlottos with prizes increasing until there is a winner. Large lottery prizes sometimes exceed $100 millio...

• Ghana - geographie.

  Staatsoberhaupt ist der für eine Amtszeit von vier Jahren vom Volk gewählte Präsident. Die Amtszeit der 200 Abgeordneten des Parlaments beträgt ebenfalls vier Jahre. DerPremierminister, der Parlamentsabgeordneter sein muss, wird vom Präsidenten ernannt. Bedeutendste politische Parteien sind die New Patriotic Party (NPP) und der National Democratic Congress (NDC). Ghana ist in zehn Regionen gegliedert: Northern, Eastern, Western, Central, Upper East, Upper West, Volta, Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo un...

• Panama Canal - Geography.

  The size of ships using the Panama Canal has steadily increased. About 27 percent of the vessels that use the canal are built to the maximum dimensions that can passthrough it (a category called “Panamax”). This has prompted further widening of Gaillard Cut, so that the larger Panamax vessels may transit safely. However, some ofthe world’s commercial and military ships are too large for the canal. Since the 1940s, new U.S. battleships and aircraft carriers have been built exceeding the canal’sdi...

• Canadian Literature I INTRODUCTION Canadian Literature, literature of the peoples of Canada.

  William Henry DrummondPoet William Henry Drummond described the lives of French Canadian farmers, loggers, and rural workers in verse thatreflected their mix of French and English speech. He gained recognition in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.Library of Congress In the early 19th century, most Canadian poetry imitated earlier British poetry. Poets Oliver Goldsmith (grandnephew of the Anglo-Irish writer of the same name),Charles Sangster, Charles Mair, and Levi Adams exemplified literary...

• Korean War.

  During the summer of 1949, South Korea had expanded its army to about 90,000 troops, a strength the North matched in early 1950. The North had about 150 SovietT-34 tanks and a small but effective air force of 70 fighters and 62 light bombers—weapons either left behind when Soviet troops evacuated Korea or bought from theUSSR and China in 1949 and 1950. By June 1950 American data showed the two armies at about equal strength, with roughly equal numbers amassed along the 38thparallel. However, thi...

• Korean War - History.

  During the summer of 1949, South Korea had expanded its army to about 90,000 troops, a strength the North matched in early 1950. The North had about 150 SovietT-34 tanks and a small but effective air force of 70 fighters and 62 light bombers—weapons either left behind when Soviet troops evacuated Korea or bought from theUSSR and China in 1949 and 1950. By June 1950 American data showed the two armies at about equal strength, with roughly equal numbers amassed along the 38thparallel. However, thi...

• Korean War - U.

  During the summer of 1949, South Korea had expanded its army to about 90,000 troops, a strength the North matched in early 1950. The North had about 150 SovietT-34 tanks and a small but effective air force of 70 fighters and 62 light bombers—weapons either left behind when Soviet troops evacuated Korea or bought from theUSSR and China in 1949 and 1950. By June 1950 American data showed the two armies at about equal strength, with roughly equal numbers amassed along the 38thparallel. However, thi...

• Ulysses S.

  In the autumn of 1862, Grant began planning the drive on Vicksburg, Mississippi, the Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River, which was to yield one of hisgreatest military successes. After several unsuccessful attempts on Vicksburg during the winter, Grant devised a new strategy of attack. In April 1863 he marched hisarmy south along the west side of the river to a point well below the heavily defended city. There, with the aid of the Union river fleet, he crossed the river and began as...

• Ulysses S.

  In the autumn of 1862, Grant began planning the drive on Vicksburg, Mississippi, the Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River, which was to yield one of hisgreatest military successes. After several unsuccessful attempts on Vicksburg during the winter, Grant devised a new strategy of attack. In April 1863 he marched hisarmy south along the west side of the river to a point well below the heavily defended city. There, with the aid of the Union river fleet, he crossed the river and began as...

• Berlin - geography.

  boroughs of Wedding and Tiergarten. Other important central areas include Kreuzberg and Friedrichshain, now united as the Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg borough, andPrenzlauer Berg, now incorporated as a part of the Pankow borough. Tiergarten contains a large wooded park, a zoo, and a variety of public monuments as well as the large, modern Congress Hall and the Reichstag building, which wasbuilt from 1884 to 1894. The Reichstag and the surrounding area have undergone renovation to accommodate the Bun...

• World Energy Supply.

  In the 1990s, oil production by non-OPEC countries remained strong and production by OPEC countries rebounded. The result at the end of the 20th century was aworld oil surplus and prices (when adjusted for inflation) that were lower than in 1972. Experts are uncertain about future oil supplies and prices. Low prices have spurred greater oil consumption, and experts question how long world petroleum reservescan keep pace with increased demand. Many of the world’s leading petroleum geologists beli...

• Argentine 1995-1996 Le 10 décembre 1995, les nouveaux congressistes et gouverneurs ont prêté serment. Au terme des élections du 14...

  Argentine 1995-1996 Le 10 décembre 1995, les nouveaux congressistes et gouverneurs ont prêté serment. Au terme des élections du 14 mai 1995, les péronistes (Parti justicialiste, PJ) ont obtenu le contrôle de 14 des 23 provinces et la majorité absolue au Congrès. La faiblesse de l'opposition a cependant favorisé les conflits à l'intérieur du parti et de l'équipe gouvernementale. Depuis la mi-1995, le mariage de raison entre le président Carlos Menem et son ministre de l'Économie Domingo Cavallo...

• Népal (1991-1992) Les élections libres de mai 1991, remportées par le Nepali Congress, social-démocrate, et la formation d'un gouvernement par...

  Népal (1991-1992) Les élections libres de mai 1991, remportées par le Nepali Congress, social-démocrate, et la formation d'un gouvernement par le libéral Girija Prasad Koirala avaient marqué la conclusion du processus de démocratisation inauguré en avril 1990. La normalisation politique qui a suivi aura été de courte durée. Le pari du cabinet Koirala était d'opérer une restructuration de l'économie favorisant l'initiative privée, tout en endiguant une inflation devenue endémique depuis une rupt...

• Lésotho (1993-1994) Les premières élections libres depuis 1970 ont donné, le 28 mars 1993, une écrasante victoire au Basutholand Congress...

  Lésotho (1993-1994) Les premières élections libres depuis 1970 ont donné, le 28 mars 1993, une écrasante victoire au Basutholand Congress Party (BCP), parti d'opposition dirigé par Ntsu Mokhehle, au détriment des chefs tribaux, du Basutholand National Party (BNP) et du pouvoir royal. Le nouveau Premier ministre Ntsu Mokhele s'est trouvé rapidement confronté à une grogne syndicale sévèrement réprimée, et, de novembre 1993 à février 1994, à plusieurs mutineries au sein de l'armée. Elles étaient l...

• Népal (1993-1994) En 1993-1994, le gouvernement de Girija Prasad Koirala (Nepali Congress) a remporté quelques succès économiques et diplomatiques: l'inflation...

  Népal (1993-1994) En 1993-1994, le gouvernement de Girija Prasad Koirala (Nepali Congress) a remporté quelques succès économiques et diplomatiques: l'inflation a été ramenée à moins de 10% pour l'année 1992-1993, le solde commercial s'est révélé positif durant la même période et des négociations ont pu être engagées avec Thimbou sur le retour des 100 000 Bhoutanais d'origine népalaise réfugiés au Népal. Malgré ces progrès, le Premier ministre a été l'objet d'attaques virulentes jusqu'à l'intéri...

• Mandela Nelson Homme d'Etat sud-africain * 18.7.1918, Umtata, Transkei Membre de l'African National Congress (ANC) depuis 1944, ce fils d'un...

  Mandela Nelson Homme d'Etat sud-africain * 18.7.1918, Umtata, Transkei Membre de l'African National Congress (ANC) depuis 1944, ce fils d'un chef de la tribu Xhosa, premier avocat noir d'Afrique du Sud, devient rapidement l'un des leaders du mouvement anti-apartheid. Après l'instauration de l'état d'urgence et l'interdiction de l'ANC (1960), dont il a développé l'aile militaire, il est arrêté en 1962 et condamné à la prison à vie en 1964. Au cours de ses vingt-sept ans de détention, il devient l...

• Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi - Biography.

• Legislative Branch.

  popularly elected parliament, composed of one or two chambers. The majority party, or a coalition of parties, agree to form a government, known as the government of the day . Executive power is exercised by a cabinet headed by a chief minister—usually called prime minister, premier, or chancellor—who is typically drawn from the membership of the legislature. Such systems are found throughout western Europe and in countries such as India that were once part of the British Empire. In systems base...

• New Deal - U.

  was over, but it had permanently expanded the role of the federal government, particularly in economic regulation, resource development, and income maintenance.Although in itself the New Deal failed to stimulate full economic recovery, it provided the federal government not only with increased controls over money supply andFederal Reserve policies but also with increased understanding of the economic consequences of its own taxing, borrowing, and spending—thus helping the governmentto limit the...

• Checks and Balances.

  no political interest has enough power to prevail over the others. In 1997 and early 1998, for example, the Senate refused to take action on many of President BillClinton’s appointments of new federal court judges. Although the Senate’s power to approve or reject federal court nominees is one of the key checks on presidentialauthority, the dispute between Clinton and the Senate meant that there were not enough federal judges to handle the court’s workload. But the system of checks andbalance was...

• Bill Clinton.

  When Arkansas governor David Pryor ran for the U.S. Senate in 1978, Clinton ran for governor. He promised to improve the state’s schools and highways and toimprove economic conditions so that more jobs would be created. At that time, the average income of people in Arkansas ranked 49th among the 50 states. Clinton woneasily, receiving 60 percent of the vote against four opponents in the Democratic primary election and 63 percent against the Republican candidate, Lynn Lowe, in thegeneral election...

• Bill Clinton - USA History.

  When Arkansas governor David Pryor ran for the U.S. Senate in 1978, Clinton ran for governor. He promised to improve the state’s schools and highways and toimprove economic conditions so that more jobs would be created. At that time, the average income of people in Arkansas ranked 49th among the 50 states. Clinton woneasily, receiving 60 percent of the vote against four opponents in the Democratic primary election and 63 percent against the Republican candidate, Lynn Lowe, in thegeneral election...

• George Washington I INTRODUCTION George Washington (1732-1799), first president of the United States (1789-1797) and one of the most important leaders in United States history.

  A2 Promotion This was Washington’s first experience with the difficulties of raising troops while lacking equipment, clothing, and funds. Apparently he thought his efforts worthy ofsome recognition and successfully applied to Dinwiddie for a lieutenant colonel’s commission. He left Alexandria, Virginia, early in April with about 150 poorly equippedand half-trained troops. A3 First Battles Before he had advanced very far, Washington received news that the French had driven Trent’s men back from...

• George Washington.

  A2 Promotion This was Washington’s first experience with the difficulties of raising troops while lacking equipment, clothing, and funds. Apparently he thought his efforts worthy ofsome recognition and successfully applied to Dinwiddie for a lieutenant colonel’s commission. He left Alexandria, Virginia, early in April with about 150 poorly equippedand half-trained troops. A3 First Battles Before he had advanced very far, Washington received news that the French had driven Trent’s men back from...

• George Washington

  A2 Promotion This was Washington’s first experience with the difficulties of raising troops while lacking equipment, clothing, and funds. Apparently he thought his efforts worthy ofsome recognition and successfully applied to Dinwiddie for a lieutenant colonel’s commission. He left Alexandria, Virginia, early in April with about 150 poorly equippedand half-trained troops. A3 First Battles Before he had advanced very far, Washington received news that the French had driven Trent’s men back from...

• American Revolution.

  C1 The South Southern agriculture was founded on the cultivation of tobacco, wheat, and corn in Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina, and of rice and indigo (a blue dye) in SouthCarolina and Georgia. There was a large demand for these crops in Europe. These crops were cultivated with the help of black slaves imported from Africa. The whiteplanter class in the South was the most powerful, both politically and economically. C2 The North Wheat was the main cash crop of the mid-Atlantic colonies...

• American Revolution - U.

  C1 The South Southern agriculture was founded on the cultivation of tobacco, wheat, and corn in Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina, and of rice and indigo (a blue dye) in SouthCarolina and Georgia. There was a large demand for these crops in Europe. These crops were cultivated with the help of black slaves imported from Africa. The whiteplanter class in the South was the most powerful, both politically and economically. C2 The North Wheat was the main cash crop of the mid-Atlantic colonies...

• John Quincy Adams.

  man of my whole country.” When President Thomas Jefferson requested Senate approval of his treaty for the purchase of the French colony of Louisiana, Adams was the only New EnglandFederalist to vote in favor of it. He realized that the power and influence of his own New England would be reduced if the vast territory were added to the nation, but hewas convinced that the national interest would best be served by the purchase of Louisiana ( see Louisiana Purchase). Adams again broke with his New...

• John Quincy Adams

  man of my whole country.” When President Thomas Jefferson requested Senate approval of his treaty for the purchase of the French colony of Louisiana, Adams was the only New EnglandFederalist to vote in favor of it. He realized that the power and influence of his own New England would be reduced if the vast territory were added to the nation, but hewas convinced that the national interest would best be served by the purchase of Louisiana ( see Louisiana Purchase). Adams again broke with his New...

• Harry S.

  B2 Presiding Judge Political machines, such as the Pendergast organization, were common to both parties in the 1920s. They were based on the spoils system, in which winning politiciansgave government jobs to those loyal party members who had helped them get elected. Using government jobs as rewards, politicians created efficient (and oftenalmost unstoppable) vote-getting “machines,” in which party loyalty was often more important than doing any work. Without local machine support a political ca...

• Harry S.

  B2 Presiding Judge Political machines, such as the Pendergast organization, were common to both parties in the 1920s. They were based on the spoils system, in which winning politiciansgave government jobs to those loyal party members who had helped them get elected. Using government jobs as rewards, politicians created efficient (and oftenalmost unstoppable) vote-getting “machines,” in which party loyalty was often more important than doing any work. Without local machine support a political ca...

• United States History - U.

  and improved upon the designs of Arab sailing ships and learned to mount cannons on those ships. In the 15th century they began exploring the west coast ofAfrica—bypassing Arab merchants to trade directly for African gold and slaves. They also colonized the Madeira Islands, the Azores, and the Cape Verde Islands andturned them into the first European slave plantations. The European explorers were all looking for an ocean route to Asia. Christopher Columbus sailed for the monarchs of Spain in 149...

• United States History - U.

  and improved upon the designs of Arab sailing ships and learned to mount cannons on those ships. In the 15th century they began exploring the west coast ofAfrica—bypassing Arab merchants to trade directly for African gold and slaves. They also colonized the Madeira Islands, the Azores, and the Cape Verde Islands andturned them into the first European slave plantations. The European explorers were all looking for an ocean route to Asia. Christopher Columbus sailed for the monarchs of Spain in 149...

• India - country.

  delta in the north, are intensely farmed. B Rivers and Lakes The rivers of India can be divided into three groups: the great Himalayan rivers of the north, the westward-flowing rivers of central India, and the eastward-flowingrivers of the Deccan Plateau and the rest of peninsular India. Only small portions of India’s rivers are navigable because of silting and the wide seasonal variation inwater flow (due to the monsoon climate). Water transport is thus of little importance in India. Barrages,...

• Lincoln: "A House Divided" At the 1858 state Republican convention in Springfield, Illinois, the Republican Party's United States Senate candidate for Illinois and future president Abraham Lincoln delivered his famous "House Divided" speech.

  First, That no negro slave, imported as such from Africa, and no descendant of such slave can ever be a citizen of any state in the sense of that term as used in theConstitution of the United States. This point is made in order to deprive the negro, in every possible event, of the benefit of that provision of the United StatesConstitution which declares that 'The citizens of each state shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States.' Secondly, That, 'sub...

• Alaska - geography.

  depression surrounded by highlands and have the coldest winter and hottest summer temperatures in Alaska. Once the Kuskokwim River passes through theKuskokwim Mountains, it forms the southern edge of a vast lake-studded alluvial plain bounded on the north by the Yukon River. This water-logged lowland is a majorsummer nesting area for birds. Fairbanks is the major city in this region, while Fort Yukon is the major community in the Yukon Flats and Bethel the largest settlementon the Lower Kuskokwi...

• Alaska - USA History.

  depression surrounded by highlands and have the coldest winter and hottest summer temperatures in Alaska. Once the Kuskokwim River passes through theKuskokwim Mountains, it forms the southern edge of a vast lake-studded alluvial plain bounded on the north by the Yukon River. This water-logged lowland is a majorsummer nesting area for birds. Fairbanks is the major city in this region, while Fort Yukon is the major community in the Yukon Flats and Bethel the largest settlementon the Lower Kuskokwi...

• North Carolina - geography.

  The drainage divide in North Carolina follows the Blue Ridge range on the eastern margin of the mountain region. This is called the “Eastern Continental Divide.” West ofthis divide, rivers drain into the Mississippi River through the Tennessee River and other tributaries of the Ohio River. The French Broad, the largest, and the LittleTennessee flow into the Tennessee River. The New River flows into the Kanawha River of West Virginia which in turn flows into the Ohio River. Most of the state’s ri...