546 résultats pour "liner"
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La fabrication des étoffes est une activité traditionnelle de l'humanité, d'origine très
ancienne.
fibres de tiges d'hibiscus ou de tunga, les poils de chèvre (mohair et cachemire), de lapin (angora), de lama (alpaga), de yack, de dromadaire et de chameau. Le filage fut longtemps effectué par torsion à la main de fibres préalablement cardées, et cette technique, à peine améliorée (fileuse assistée par un rouet à pédales), subsista dans les campagnes, en parallèle avec le filage industriel mécanique, jusqu'au début du XX e siècle. Le tissage, par entrelacement d'un fil de trame e...
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Zeichnung.
Jacopo da Pontormo und El Greco sind von stärkerem persönlichen Ausdruck. Fast surrealistisch muten dagegen die Zeichnungen des flämischen Malers Hieronymus Boschan. Realistische Beobachtungen hingegen zeigen die Zeichnungen des Flamen Pieter Bruegel des Älteren, Albrecht Dürers und Hans Holbeins des Jüngeren. Im 17. Jahrhundert zeugen die von der Strichführung lebenden, lavierten Rohrfeder- und Pinselzeichnungen von Rembrandt und die Porträtstudien in Rötel und Farbkreidendes Flamen Peter Paul...
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Popular and Social Dance
I
INTRODUCTION
The Cakewalk
The cakewalk, a dance of African American origin, was intended to lampoon high-strutting whites at fancy dress balls.
master. The dance manuals published between 1550 and 1630, written by Thoinot Arbeau of France, Cesare Negri of Italy, and other dancing masters, describe dances such asthe pavane, galliard, allemande, courante, saltarello, and volta, as well as circular branles and progressive longways dances (for a line of couples, in which each couplerepeats the pattern with one new couple after another; see Country Dance). The sense of order and harmony so important during the Renaissance gave rise to forma...
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Mors u/tima linea rerum
La mort marque la ligne où tout finit
Cette observation amère mais réaliste te1111ine l'une des...
Mors u/tima linea rerum La mort marque la ligne où tout finit Cette observation amère mais réaliste te1111ine l'une des Epitres d' Horace ( 1, 16, 79) : ultimo linea...
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Quantum Theory
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INTRODUCTION
Quantum Theory, in physics, description of the particles that make up matter and how they interact with each other and with energy.
electron in the same way a particle with momentum would: It bumps the electron and changes the electron’s path. The light is also affected by the collision as though itwere a particle, in that its energy and momentum changes. Momentum is a quantity that can be defined for all particles. For light particles, or photons, momentum depends on the frequency, or color, of the photon, which in turndepends on the photon’s energy. The energy of a photon is equal to a constant number, called Planck’s cons...
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Québec - Geography.
facilities. Tributaries south of the St. Lawrence include the Richelieu, the Saint-François, and the Chaudière rivers, which are only a few hundred kilometers long. TheRimouski and Matane rivers, also south of the St. Lawrence, are popular areas for recreation and salmon fishing. In the Canadian Shield, the longest rivers are theRupert, Eastmain, Grande Baleine, and La Grand-Rivière, which is the site of a huge hydroelectric complex. C Coastlines Québec has two systems of saltwater coastline. O...
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Québec - Canadian History.
facilities. Tributaries south of the St. Lawrence include the Richelieu, the Saint-François, and the Chaudière rivers, which are only a few hundred kilometers long. TheRimouski and Matane rivers, also south of the St. Lawrence, are popular areas for recreation and salmon fishing. In the Canadian Shield, the longest rivers are theRupert, Eastmain, Grande Baleine, and La Grand-Rivière, which is the site of a huge hydroelectric complex. C Coastlines Québec has two systems of saltwater coastline. O...
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Republic of Indonesia - country.
Mahakam in East Kalimantan and the Martapura and Barito in South Kalimantan. Most of these rivers originate in the island’s central massif (mountain mass) and meander through extensive swamps as they approach the coast. Settlements such as Samarinda and Banjarmasin cluster along the rivers, which serve ascommunication routes into the interior. The largest rivers on Sumatra drain from west to east into the Strait of Malacca. In the north, the Asahan River once linked trade between the Batak peo...
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Italy - country.
C Natural Resources Italy is poor in natural resources. Much of the land is unsuitable for agriculture because of mountainous terrain or unfavorable climate. Italy, moreover, lacks substantialdeposits of basic natural resources such as coal, iron, and petroleum. Natural gas is the country’s most important mineral resource. Other deposits include feldspar andpumice. Many of Italy’s mineral deposits on the islands of Sicily and Sardinia had been heavily depleted by the early 1990s. Italy is rich...
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Révolution culturelle.
l'arrestation de la Bande des Quatre en octobre 1976 permit le retour de Deng Xiaoping, qui organisa la « démaoïsation » de la Chine. Le bilan de la Révolution culturelle. La Révolution culturelle, qui bouleversa pendant plusieurs années la société chinoise en donnant la primauté au débat politique et en imposant la rééducation idéologique des responsables de tout niveau, entrava le progrès économique en désorganisant l'appareil de production et fit des millions de victimes ; elle n'empêcha tou...
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LES MOMIES
Les momies i Découverte dans la • cachette • de Deir a ei-Baharl parmi d'autres pharaons, la momie de Ramsès Il (dont la tombe avait été pillée dans l'Antiquité) fut débandelettée en public par l'égyptologue Gaston Maspéro, en 1886. Elle fut restaurée à Paris, en 1976. Il apparut à cette occasion que l'Illustre pharaon était ... roux! d'un personnel funéraire hautement spécialisé. Le travail, d'abord rémunéré en nature, se négo cie en argent à partir...
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peintures et vernis - chimie.
3. 3 Solvants Le solvant, ou diluant, le plus commun des peintures à l'huile est la térébenthine — mélange d'hydrocarbures cycliques contenant dix atomes de carbone — ou un mélange d'hydrocarbures volatils dérivés de distillats du pétrole. Pour la plupart des liants synthétiques, le solvant utilisé est un alcool, une cétone ou un ester. 3. 4 Peintures spéciales Les peintures-émail, vitreuses, peuvent être opaques ou transparentes ; elles colorent le support d'une façon inaltérable et lui donne...
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Ariel Sylvia Plath Analyse
-a sso cia tio n o f a rc ( o rig in : l a te m id dle e n glis h -> d en o tin g t h e p ath o f a c e le stia l o bje ct, e sp ecia lly t h e s u n, f r o m h o riz o n to h o riz o n): v ia O ld F re n ch f r o m L a tin a rc u s ‘ b o w , c u rv e ’) ( n eck o f t h e h o rs e ) a n d a rro w ( h ers e lf )= fo rm s o ne w it h h er ho rs e -P la th 's " A rie l" m ig h t a ls o b e s ta te m en t a b o ut h o w a f e m ale p o et, w hen p o sse sse d b y t...
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Arctic - geography.
B Rivers and Lakes Low precipitation is characteristic of the Arctic, so large and elaborate river and lake systems are rare. In many places, however, permafrost (permanently frozen subsoil)restricts the downward drainage of meltwater from snow, and the water accumulates on the surface as shallow lakes, ponds, and marshes. In addition, rivers from morehumid regions flow seaward across the dry Arctic terrain. Several large rivers are in the Russian Arctic, and the Mackenzie and Yukon rivers are...
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Ferdinand Magellan
I
INTRODUCTION
Ferdinand Magellan (1480?
reduced fleet and brought it to its goal, the Moluccas, where he took on a cargo of cloves. One ship tried to return across the Pacific but was forced back by the windsand then captured by the Portuguese, who interned its crew. Cano made the long westward return voyage with one last ship, the Victoria . After a difficult voyage, with a remaining crew of 18, the Victoria reached Sanlúcar de Barrameda on September 6, 1522, almost three years to the day after setting forth. The cargo of cloves s...
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Ferdinand Magellan.
reduced fleet and brought it to its goal, the Moluccas, where he took on a cargo of cloves. One ship tried to return across the Pacific but was forced back by the windsand then captured by the Portuguese, who interned its crew. Cano made the long westward return voyage with one last ship, the Victoria . After a difficult voyage, with a remaining crew of 18, the Victoria reached Sanlúcar de Barrameda on September 6, 1522, almost three years to the day after setting forth. The cargo of cloves s...
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Ferdinand Magellan - explorer.
reduced fleet and brought it to its goal, the Moluccas, where he took on a cargo of cloves. One ship tried to return across the Pacific but was forced back by the windsand then captured by the Portuguese, who interned its crew. Cano made the long westward return voyage with one last ship, the Victoria . After a difficult voyage, with a remaining crew of 18, the Victoria reached Sanlúcar de Barrameda on September 6, 1522, almost three years to the day after setting forth. The cargo of cloves s...
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Hayes Wins Olympic Marathon.
entered the stadium,” Pietri told the New York Times after the race. “When I heard the people cheering and knew I had nearly won, a thrill passed through me and I felt my strength going.” Visibly confused, Pietri stood for a moment before making a wrong turn—heading left instead of following a red cord to the right. Officials tried to redirect thedelirious runner, but only after several attempts did he correctly change his course. “He staggered along the cinder path like a man in a dre...
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Commentary The adeventures of Huck Finn
same hundrun is emphasized by the use of the modals « would », « could » and the verbal form « used to ». So, this everyday life is depicted by the narrator as « lovely ». The child describes his habits as sacred ones. The way it is depicted seems mechanical : everything has a time to be done and is done by the time the children are allowing it. For instance, they are eating first, then having a nap, then shaving « soon as it was night ». The actions are ennumerated, which emphasize the idea o...
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Jacksonville (Florida) - geography.
and southern sections and avoiding the downtown bottleneck where Interstate 95 crosses the Saint Johns River at the Fuller Warren Bridge. In addition to being a regional highway crossroads, the city is a railway hub, with Amtrak passenger service and several freight routes. The city’s expanding airport,located in northern Jacksonville, was the nation’s fastest growing in passenger volume in the mid-1990s. V GOVERNMENT Jacksonville has a mayor-council form of municipal government. The mayor and...
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Dogsledding.
Mushers are caretakers, but also coaches. Top mushers have large kennels, and their preparation for competition begins by buying and breeding race-specific dogs.They train their dogs, decide which to run on certain days, and make adjustments during races by switching and dropping dogs. Serious competitors run their dogsyear-round, using carts and all-terrain vehicles when there is not enough snow on the ground. During races they decide their strategy, choosing when to rest and whento push ahead....
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Paleolithic Art
I
INTRODUCTION
Cave Painting, Lascaux
This portion of a cave painting in what is now Lascaux, France, was done by Paleolithic artists about 13,000 bc.
Venus of WillendorfThis so-called Venus figurine from the area of Willendorf, Austria, is one of the earliest known examples of sculpture,dating from about 23,000 bc. The figure, which is carved out of limestone, is only 11.25 cm (4.5 in) high, and wasprobably designed to be held in the hand. It is believed the Venus may be a fertility symbol, which would explain theexaggerated female anatomy.Ali Meyer/Bridgeman Art Library, London/New York Paleolithic art usually is classified as either figura...
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Sailing.
the sails sweep across the decks of the vessel from one side to the other, and also because of the danger of breaking spars. In wild jibing, control can be lostmomentarily and, if the seas are high, a small boat can broach —that is, veer on its side with danger of swamping or capsizing. An unintentional jibe in a heavy wind frequently has enough force to break the masts of a vessel. When jibing intentionally, careful sailors always haul in on the boom while turning, so that the boom willtravel...
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Uranus (planet) - astronomy.
V COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE A Interior of Uranus Uranus contains mostly rock and water, with hydrogen and helium (and trace amounts of methane) in its dense atmosphere. Astronomers believe that Uranus, likeNeptune, formed from the same material—principally frozen water and rock—that composes most of the planet’s moons. As the planet grew, pressures andtemperatures in the planet’s interior increased, heating the planet’s frozen water into a hot liquid. Uranus probably has a relatively small roc...
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Bayern.
Jahre alte Gräberfunde bei Aufhausen belegen, dass Niederbayern in der Jungsteinzeit dauerhaft besiedelt war. Im 5. Jahrhundert v. Chr. wanderten Kelten ins Gebietdes heutigen Bayern ein: Im Westen siedelten die Vindeliker, im Osten die Noriker und im Norden die Bojer, die jedoch später unter dem Druck einrückender Germanennach Böhmen abwanderten. Bedeutende keltische Oppida aus der späteren La-Tène-Zeit-Zeit (ab etwa 225 v. Chr.) waren Michelsberg bei Kelheim und insbesondereManching bei Ingols...
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Franklin Pierce.
At the end of the war, Pierce returned home to his wife and six-year-old son. His law partnership had been dissolved, and he took a new partner. The new firm, like theold one, was highly successful. D Elder Statesman Pierce was by nature a politician. Although still in his early forties, as a retired U.S. senator he became New Hampshire's elder statesman and head of a group of lawyer-politicians called the Concord Clique, or the Regency. The group controlled the state's Democratic Party. Pierce...
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Franklin Pierce
At the end of the war, Pierce returned home to his wife and six-year-old son. His law partnership had been dissolved, and he took a new partner. The new firm, like theold one, was highly successful. D Elder Statesman Pierce was by nature a politician. Although still in his early forties, as a retired U.S. senator he became New Hampshire's elder statesman and head of a group of lawyer-politicians called the Concord Clique, or the Regency. The group controlled the state's Democratic Party. Pierce...
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Algebra
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INTRODUCTION
Algebra, branch of mathematics in which symbols (usually letters) represent unknown numbers in mathematical equations.
B Order of Operations and Grouping Algebra relies on an established sequence for performing arithmetic operations. This ensures that everyone who executes a string of operations arrives at the sameanswer. Multiplication is performed first, then division, followed by addition, then subtraction. For example: 1 + 2 · 3 equals 7 because 2 and 3 are multiplied first and then added to 1. Exponents and roots have even higher priority than multiplication: 3 · 2 2 = 3 · 4 = 12 Grouping symbols override...
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Automobile Racing.
beginning in 1906 at Le Mans it came to refer to the principal F1 auto race in a given nation, except in the United States, where the term continues to be used lessdiscriminately. After the end of World War I in 1918, when automobile racing blossomed internationally, a series of GP races in several nations became reserved for F1competition, and an annual GP calendar was developed consisting of national races, such as the French Grand Prix and the British Grand Prix. An annual award calledthe Wor...
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Radio.
signal, such as a musical note. This form of modulation, AM, is used in many radiotelephony services including standard radiobroadcasts. AM is also employed for carriercurrent telephony, in which the modulated carrier is transmitted by wire, and in the transmission of still pictures by wire or radio. See Broadcasting, Radio and Television. In FM the frequency of the carrier wave is varied within a fixed range at a rate corresponding to the frequency of a sound signal. This form of modulation, p...
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Johann Sebastian Bach
I
INTRODUCTION
Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750), German composer and one of the world's greatest musical geniuses.
Bach served nine years at the Weimar court, first as organist and then, from 1714, as concertmaster as well. His employer, Wilhelm Ernst, duke of Weimar, was a greatadmirer of the organ, and spurred by the duke’s enthusiasm Bach proceeded to compose a vast number of unprecedented works for the instrument: the Orgelbüchlein (“Little Organ Book”), a collection of small chorale preludes for the church year; the so-called Great Eighteen Chorales of larger size; and a series of dramatic preludes a...
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Egyptian Art and Architecture - USA History.
The kings of the 1st Dynasty (2920 BC-2770 BC) were buried in the cemetery of their ancestors at Abydos in southern Egypt. Their burial sites were built of mud brick (bricks baked in the sun) and consisted of two parts: a tomb in the desert where the king was buried, and a rectangular funerary enclosure at the desert's edge, whererituals were performed. A pair of stone slabs called stelae marked the tombs and bore the name of the royal occupant. In the 2nd Dynasty (2770 BC-2649 BC), most r...
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Colombia - country.
In Bogotá the average high temperature in January is 20°C (68°F), and in July the average high is 19°C (65°F). The highs for the same months in Barranquilla are 32°C(89°F) and 33°C (91°F). Throughout the year, three-month periods of rain and dry weather alternate. Along the Pacific coast precipitation is heavy. At Bogotá the annual rainfall averages about1,060 mm (about 42 in), and in Barranquilla it averages about 800 mm (about 32 in). Dry weather prevails on the slopes of the Cordillera Orient...
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Zweiter Weltkrieg - Geschichte.
Mit der Jahreswende 1936/37 begann eine neue Phase nationalsozialistischer Außenpolitik. Galt es bisher, die Isolierung zu überwinden, wurde nun die „Eroberung neuenLebensraumes” zum vordringlichen Ziel. Mit der Verkündung des Vierjahresplanes auf dem Reichsparteitag der NSDAP im November 1936, der eine nochmalige Steigerungder Rüstungsproduktion und eine zukünftige Unabhängigkeit des Reiches von Importen aus dem Ausland anstrebte, nahmen die Kriegsvorbereitungen konkrete Formen an.Nach dem Ansc...
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Zweiter Weltkrieg - Geschichte.
Mit der Jahreswende 1936/37 begann eine neue Phase nationalsozialistischer Außenpolitik. Galt es bisher, die Isolierung zu überwinden, wurde nun die „Eroberung neuenLebensraumes” zum vordringlichen Ziel. Mit der Verkündung des Vierjahresplanes auf dem Reichsparteitag der NSDAP im November 1936, der eine nochmalige Steigerungder Rüstungsproduktion und eine zukünftige Unabhängigkeit des Reiches von Importen aus dem Ausland anstrebte, nahmen die Kriegsvorbereitungen konkrete Formen an.Nach dem Ansc...
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Les pratiques funéraires dans l'Egypte musulmane
la recouvre. Non loin de la sé pulture, un chat se prélasse, rappelant que cet animal est souvent le compagnon des saints et qu'il jouit d'un sta tut privilégié dans la religion musulmane. Orientation de la tombe par rapport à la Kabba E n Égypte, comme dans l'ensemble reste du mon de islamique, les funérailles respectent le modèle institué par le Prophète : à l'issue de la cérémonie, le mort est intro duit la tête...
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sondages sur l'argent de poche
Fiche méthodologique Cible : Parents de jeunes âgés de 14 à 17 ans • Mode d’interrogation : questionnaire auto- administré on line • Mode d’interrogation: questionnaire auto- administré on line Cible : Jeunes âgés de 14 à 17 ans •Taille de l’échantillon : 499 enfants •Quotas :échantillon représentatif des cibles en termes de sexe et d’âge de l’enfant, de CSP du chef de ménage, du nombre de personnes du foyer, de la région et de la taille d’agglomération. La représentativité a été assurée...
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Portia and Brutus in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar, Scene
First, Portia says she „insisted“ 1. 246 „ Yet I insisted, yet you answered not“ to know what troubeld her husband, then she kneels down; afterwards, uses guilt to get Brutus tell her his secret „If it be no more, Portia is Brutus' harlot, not his wife“ (l. 288) and finally shows him the wound she inflicted herself on her thigh to show that she will not reveal Brutus secrets even under pain of torture (but I will come back to that motive later.) The fact that Portia has already give...
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huile.
l'oxydation, et de dissoudre les dépôts solides dans les moteurs thermiques (détergence), etc. Par ailleurs, des progrès considérables ont été effectués depuis 1970 dans les formulations de base, permettant d'obtenir des lubrifiants dont la viscosité varie peu à l'intérieur d'une vaste plage de température, ce qui est essentiel pour assurer une bonne lubrification à chaud de moteurs à combustion interne, tout en permettant leur démarrage à froid. Complétez votre recherche en consultant :...
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Les grands travaux du XIXe siècle
Des boulevards et avenues sont percés de la place du Trône à la place de l'Étoile , ou encore de la gare de l'Est à l'Observatoire. Les jardins du Luxembourg et le parc Montsouris sont aménagés . Les grands axes débouchent sur les principaux monuments de la capitale, afin de les mettre en valeur et en perspective. L:exemple le plus représentatif est la place de l'Étoile , LE PREMIER MÉTRO, À LONDRES [:encombrement des rues de Londres est tel qu'il e...
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Dwight Clark's Catch.
On third down and three, with 51 seconds left, and in need of a touchdown, San Francisco called time-out. Montana and Walsh discussed the play, which wasdesigned to go to Solomon. But as Montana rolled to his right, he spotted Clark behind the defense. With Cowboys defensive linemen D. D. Lewis, Larry Bethea, andJones closing, Montana threw a hurried jump pass that Clark reached up and gathered in. A final point by Ray Wersching gave the 49ers the victory, 28-27. “I hear all the time, especi...
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An Injured Home Run.
couldn't do it,” Gibson later said. “But once I got up in that cage, I didn't feel anything until I was going around the bases.” Gibson sent Dodgers batboy Mitch Poole to tell Lasorda that the slugger was ready if needed. Lasorda hustled to the batting cage to talk to Gibson himself. “As soonas he heard that I wanted to hit,” Gibson said, “he took off.” During Davis's at bat Gibson entered the dugout and sat in the corner wearing a helmet and holding ablack bat. Davis drew a walk, Gibson lim...
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peinture - peinture.
Le pastel, qui eut un grand succès au XVIII e siècle, associe les matériaux du dessin (le fusain, la sanguine, la craie, etc.) qui, après être réduits en poudre, sont dilués avec de l'eau et parfois des pigments supplémentaires. 6 FRESQUE À la Renaissance, on codifia la pratique de la fresque, employée pour la peinture murale depuis l'Antiquité sous différentes formes. Le principe classique consiste à appliquer des pigments colorés dilués à l'eau sur une paroi enduite d'un mortier frais compo...
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Joyner-Kersee Wins Heptathlon.
With her knee throbbing once again, Joyner-Kersee taped up for the javelin throw. Her toss of 45.35 m (149 ft 9.5 in) was about 3 m (10 ft) short of her personalaverage, dropping her another 86 points off of the record pace. “It was disgusting,” she told Sports Illustrated. ”The knee was sore. I wasn't using the legs. I was just arming it.” One event remained: the 800 meters, the most demanding of the heptathlon's seven tests. It was also the event that had cost Joyner-Kersee the gold meda...
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Algerian War of Independence.
commander. In Paris, General Charles de Gaulle was called to form a new government to save the situation. In June 1958 in Algiers, de Gaulle reassured the colons with the ambiguous phrase, “Je vous ai compris” (“I have understood you”). His September 1958 proposals forgreater Algerian integration into France failed to address the colons’ fears. In September 1958 the FLN created its own Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic(GPRA), with Ferhat Abbas as president. By 1959 de Gaulle realiz...
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From David Copperfield - anthology.
To this my mother returned, “Certainly, my dear Jane,” and said no more. I felt apprehensive that I was personally interested in this dialogue, and sought Mr. Murdstone's eye as it lighted on mine. “Now, David,” he said—and I saw that cast again, as he said it—”you must be far more careful to-day than usual.” He gave the cane another poise, and anotherswitch; and having finished his preparation of it, laid it down beside him, with an expressive look, and took up his book. This was a...
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Rembrandt.
myth that the painting was rejected by those who commissioned it, and led to a decline in Rembrandt's reputation and fortune, it was actually well received. Many of Rembrandt's landscapes in this middle period are romantic and based on his imagination rather than recording specific places. The inclusion of ancient ruins androlling hills, not a part of the flat Dutch countryside, as in River Valley with Ruins (Staatliche Gemäldegalerie, Kassel), suggests a classical influence derived from Italy...
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Geoffrey Chaucer
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INTRODUCTION
Geoffrey Chaucer
Fourteenth-century English poet and public servant Geoffrey Chaucer wrote verse renowned for its humor, understanding
of human character, and innovations in poetic vocabulary and meter.
Tale of the Wife of BathThe Canterbury Tales by English poet Geoffrey Chaucer contains 22 verse tales and 2 prose tales presumably told bypilgrims to pass the time on their way to visit a shrine in Canterbury, England. An excerpt from the tale of the Wife ofBath is heard here. The wife relates that she has been married and widowed five times but the church has recognized onlyone marriage. You can follow the Middle English text and modern translation as you listen to the audio excerpt.The Wife of...
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Guinea - country.
Mining operations in 2004 yielded 16 million metric tons of bauxite, 468,400 carats of high-quality diamonds, and 16,000 kg (35,300 lb) of gold. Environmental concernsand political instability in neighboring Liberia have delayed exploitation of high-grade iron ore from Mount Nimba. In 1999 the national budget included $466 million in revenues and $414 million in expenditures. The unit of currency is the Guinean franc, which is divided into 100 centimes (3,644 francs equal U.S.$1; 2005 average...
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Antarctica - geography.
The geographic South Pole lies near the center of the continent in East Antarctica. This point is where all map lines of longitude converge at the southern end ofEarth’s axis of rotation. Distinct from the geographic south pole is the south magnetic pole, where the lines of force of Earth’s magnetic field emerge vertically,arching upward over the planet to enter Earth again at the north magnetic pole. The south-seeking end of a compass needle points to the south magnetic pole. Thesouth magnetic...