1609 résultats pour "introductives"

• Modern Dance I INTRODUCTION Modern Dance, tradition of theatrical dance unique to the 20th century.

  Though both had their own interests and styles, their collaboration helped establish modern dance as a 20th-century artform. Shawn helped overcome prejudices against men in the new field of modern dance.E.O. Hoppé/Corbis Because a dance language involves elements such as posture, use of the body’s weight, and the character of movements (sinuous, angular, and so forth)—as well asspecific movements of the head, torso, hands, arms, legs, and feet—most creators of modern dance have considered it ess...

• MICROBIOLOGIE INTRODUCTION C'est Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) qui, en 1881, introduisit le terme de microbiologie, lors d'un congrès international de médecine, à Londres.

  2 Quelle est l’origine des germes que l’on observe dans les bouillons » de matière organique laissés à l’air ? Et celle des larves qui naissent dans la viande ? Ces questions ont été au centre d’âpres débats à partir du milieu du XVII e siècle. Certains pensaient qu’il s’agissait de phénomènes spontanés de génération de formes vivantes élémentaires à partir de matière en putréfaction, tandis que d’autres considéraient ces événements comme le résultat d’un développement de germes préexistants,...

• Introduction Ce texte de Bergson, extrait du chapitre IV de L’Evolution créatrice, a pour objet d’exposer la racine d’une illusion trop répandue en ce qui concerne notre rapport au réel.

  Mais qu’est -ce que cela signifie, que la réalité soit " comme " un perpétuel devenir ? Il nous faut, pour y répondre, regarder les lignes 2 et 3, qui sont une explicitation de la thèse de Bergson. En quelque sorte, nous av ons là une description de la réalité. La réalité est comme un perpétuel devenir, c’est -à-dire, qu’ " elle se fait ou elle se défait, mais elle n’est jamais quelque chose de fait ". Le " ou " nous semble ici connoter l’alternative : ou bien la réalité se fait...

• Que vaut une preuve contre un préjugé : Introduction : Preuve signifie connaissance démontrée, c’est aussi une démarche rationnelle qui sert à établir que quelque chose est vrai.

  II) En pratique une preuve ne peut pas grand-chose contre un préjugé Celui qui a un préjugé n'a pas nécessairement tort. Le jugement qu'il a porté prématurément peut se révéler vrai. Cependant, que son idée soit vraie ou fausse, les « preuves » qu'il apporte semblent toujours être aussi faibles. Prenons l'exemple qui accuse une personne de lui avoir volé son portefeuille alors qu'il n'en a aucune raison. Il dira, par exemple, pour justifier son appréhension, que cette personne « a l'air...

• Introduction : La Corée petite péninsule située entre le géant Russe et l’ogre Chinois, à l’extrémité du continent asiatique a une histoire bien perturbée.

• Clint Eastwood I INTRODUCTION Clint Eastwood, born in 1930, American motion-picture actor, director, and producer.

• Mathematical Symbols I INTRODUCTION Mathematical Symbols Mathematics employs many symbols to describe numerical operations and relationships.

• Romanticism I INTRODUCTION Romanticism, in art, European and American movement extending from about 1800 to 1850.

  and the composition so dynamic that the effect is of chaos engulfing the immobile and indifferent figure of the dying king. IV GERMANY Two Men on a SeashoreTwo Men on a Seashore (1835) by German artist Caspar David Friedrich can be interpreted as a symbolic expression ofthe artist’s Christian faith. The sea is a symbol of death and the rocks on the beach stand for faith and the future. Themoon symbolizes Christ. This drawing in pencil and sepia ink closely resembles in its design a painting by...

• Odyssey I INTRODUCTION Odyssey, ancient Greek epic poem in 24 books attributed to the poet Homer.

  Ulysses in the Cave of PolyphemusOn their return from the Trojan War, Odysseus (also known as Ulysses) and his men are taken prisoner by the one-eyedgiant Polyphemus, who is gradually eating them. After blinding Polyphemus, the remaining men escape by holding on tothe belly of the giant’s sheep. Knowing that the Greeks will try to escape, Polyphemus touches each sheep as it leaves thecave but fails to check underneath. This painting by 17th-century Flemish artist Jacob Jordaens is in the Pushkin...

• Introduction Écrire une Histoire de l'Égypte pharaonique ne présente plus, de nos jours, l'aspect aventureux qu'une pareille tentative conservait encore au tournant du XXe siècle.

  dernière renforcel'aspectmystérieux delavieille civilisation, avançantdanslemême sensquelaphilosophie : le néoplatonisme donnenaissance aucourant hermétique, àtravers lerenouveau dupythagorisme quimarque en Orient lesdébuts del'Empire. L'hermétisme sera,avecplustardlaKabbale, lemoyen principal d'accèsà une civilisation renduedéfinitivement incompréhensible parl'exclusive chrétienne. Cecourant versl'ésotérisme est conforté parlamontée descultes égyptiens quisuit l'extension del'Empire enpopularis...

• Arithmetic I INTRODUCTION Arithmetic, branch of mathematics that arises from counting, the most basic mathematical operation.

  Subtract the units: 6 - 3 = 3. Then subtract the tens column: 6 – 2 = 4. The results of these two single-digit subtractions, written side by side, provide the answer: Subtraction is a bit more complicated if we need to subtract a larger digit from a smaller one. For example, when subtracting 47 from 92, the units value (7) of 47 isgreater than the units value (2) of 92. We can handle this situation using a procedure called borrowing, which is like carrying in reverse. Ten units can be borrowe...

• Gosset - Anthropologie - 04 -12 - 2010    Le médecin et la fin de vie  Introduction  La fin de vie évolue, de nouvelles données apparaissent au fil du temps.

  Code de  déontologie,  art.  38  « Le  médecin  doit  accompagner  le  mourant  jusque  ses  derniers   moments,  assuré  par  des  soins  et  des  mesures  appropriées  la  qualité  d’une  vie  qui  prend  fin,   sauvegarder  la  dignité  du  malade  et  réconforter  son  entourage  »   Art.  38 : «   le  médecin  ne  peut  provoquer  délibérément  la  mort  !  »     défini tion  des soins  palliatifs  :  accès  pour  tous,  c’est  un  droit.   Obligation  d’inscrire  ces  soins  palliatifs...

• Gosset - Anthropologie - 04 -12 - 2010 Le médecin et la fin de vie Introduction La fin de vie évolue, de nouvelles données apparaissent au fil du temps.

  Code de déontologie, art. 38 « Le médecin doit accompagner le mourant jusque ses derniers moments, assuré par des soins et des mesures appropriées la qualité d’une vie qui prend fin, sauvegarder la dignité du malade et réconforter son entourage » Art. 38 : « le médecin ne peut provoquer délibérément la mort ! »  définition des soins palliatifs : accès pour tous, c’est un droit. Obligation d’inscrire ces soins palliatifs dans un schéma d’organisation sanitaire (SROS), mis en place de ces soin...

• MARX : Introduction à la critique de la philosophie du droit de Hegel - Manuscrits de 1844 - La Sainte Famille - Manifeste du Parti communiste - Contribution à la critique de l'économie politique - Le Capital

  492 GRADUS PHILOSOPHIQUE Feuerbach et L'Idéologie allemande. Les œuvres de la maturation comprennent notamment Misère de la phi­ losophie. Réponse à la philosophie de la misère de Proudhon (1847 ; en français), le Manifeste du Parti communiste (1848), Travail salarié et capital (1849), Les Luttes de classes en France (1850), Le 18 Brumaire de Louis Bonaparte (1852). Quant aux œuvres de la maturité, il s'agit avant tout de la Contr...

• Carlens Noa 6C 2020-2021 Extrêmement fort et incroyablement près Introduction : • Extrêmement fort et incroyablement près , à été écrit par Jonathan Safran en 2005 .

  Personnages : • Oskar Schell : est un jeune américain âgé de 9 ans , hyper sensible , surdoué Fils de Thomas & Linda. ( petit brun aux yeux bleu , narcissique , agressif envers sa maman) • Thomas Schell :homme âgé d'une cinquantaine d'années , travaille en bijouterie ,à été manager de l'équipe de base-ball , chroniqueur scientifique du journal , son plus grand rêve était de devenir scientifique . Décédé lors des attentats ( brun à lunette , peu sur de lui ) Rencontre avec Linda dans u...

• Robin Hood I INTRODUCTION Robin Hood The legendary hero Robin Hood is a popular figure from English folklore.

  Errol FlynnIn 1938 Australian-born motion-picture actor Errol Flynn won the heart of Maid Marian and defeated his evil foes as RobinHood in The Adventures of Robin Hood.Corbis Some people believe that Robin Hood was an actual person, usually identified as Robert Fitzooth, the earl of Huntington. Others think that Robin was not a real personand that the stories about him developed for historical and cultural reasons. In medieval England, peasant masses struggled to make a meager living while a re...

• COMMENTAIRE DE TEXTE ST MALO Introduction - extrait d’un mémoire « Mémoire concernant la province de Bretagne dressé par ordre du roi en 1698 », cité dans F.

  Province de Bretagne 1532 – 1789 modifier La province de Bretagne est une province française intégrée au royaume de France à la suite de l'acte d' union de la Bretagne à la France en 1532 , et dissoute lors de la Révolution française de 1789 . Elle connaît un âge d'or s'étalant du XVI e siècle au XVII e siècle favorisée par le retour de la paix, et par l'essor économique consécutif. C'est à cette époque qu'apparaissent des signes de sa pros...

• Complex Numbers I INTRODUCTION Complex Numbers, in mathematics, the sum of a real number and an imaginary number.

  sometimes referred to as an Argand diagram. If a complex number in the plane is thought of as a vector joining the origin to that point, then addition of complexnumbers corresponds to standard vector addition. Figure 1 shows the complex number 3 + 2 i obtained by adding the vectors 1 + 4 i and 2 - 2 i. Figure 1: Complex Plane in Cartesian CoordinatesThis graph illustrates the addition of two complex numbers by using vectors in the complex plane with cartesiancoordinates. The parallelogram shows...

• ÉVOLUTION BIOLOGIQUE INTRODUCTION La théorie de l'évolution est indubitablement la théorie la plus importante dans le domaine biologique, tant par ses potentialités scientifiques que par les recherches intellectuelles qu'elle suscite.

  2 évolutionniste. La grande diversité des espèces vivantes est le fruit d’un changement durant lequel, à partir d’un ancêtre commun unique, se sont produites des ramifications, des bifurcations, des impasses et des modifications dans la même ligne évolutive. Et ce sont précisément le changement et la bifurcation de la ligne évolutive des organismes qui sont les principaux thèmes abordés par la théorie évolutionniste. Une autre notion fondamentale de la théorie évolutive est celle d’adaptation....

• Neutron I INTRODUCTION Neutron, electrically neutral elementary particle that is part of the nucleus of the atom.

  Beta DecayBeta decay can occur in two ways. As shown on the left, a neutron turns into a proton by emitting an antineutrino and anegatively charged beta particle. As shown on the right, a proton turns into a neutron by emitting a neutrino and apositively charged beta particle. Positive beta particles are called positrons and negative beta particles are called electrons.After the decay, the nucleus of the atom contains either one less or one more proton. Beta decay changes an atom of oneelement i...

• Mechanics I INTRODUCTION Mechanics, branch of physics concerning the motions of objects and their response to forces.

  Components of VelocityNeglecting air resistance, a ball thrown into the air at an angle will travel in a parabolic path. The velocity of the ball (V)has independent vertical (V) and horizontal (H) components; the horizontal component stays the same the entire time theball is in the air, while the vertical component, the only component affected by gravity, changes continuously while theball is aloft.© Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved. To understand why and how objects accelerate, force...

• Louis XIV I INTRODUCTION Louis XIV (1638-1715), king of France (1643-1715), known as the Sun King.

  he could defend against attack from his enemies. In the first instance, Louis worked to tighten central control over the array of departments, regions, and duchies that together made up France. To this end, he revivedthe use of regional intendants, officials who were sent to the provinces with instructions to establish order and effective royal justice. Although agents of the centralgovernment, intendants worked closely with the local nobility and legal institutions to establish efficient admini...

• Roman Mythology I INTRODUCTION Roman Mythology, the religious beliefs and practices of the people of ancient Rome.

  Aeneas and AnchisesAccording to mythology, Aeneas was a Trojan prince. After Troy fell to the Greeks during the Trojan War, Aeneas traveledto Italy and met and married a woman in the kingdom that occupied the region that would one day become Rome.Through this marriage, Aeneas was the direct ancestor of Romulus and Remus, the legendary founders of Rome. In thispainting he is carrying his father, Anchises, on his back while fleeing from Troy. This painting by Lionello Spada is in theLouvre Museum...

• U.S.-Iraq War - U.S. History. I INTRODUCTION U.S.-Iraq War, military action begun in

  B Making the Case for War B1 “Neoconservatives” and the Bush Doctrine Long before President George W. Bush took office in 2001, elements in or close to the Republican Party had called repeatedly for firmer U.S. steps against Iraq,including a war if necessary to force a regime change. One such group authored a white paper in 1996 called A Clean Break: A New Strategy for Securing the Realm , which was later sent to Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, leader of Israel’s Likud Party. It advocated...

• GUILLAUME Paul (né en 1878) est l'auteur de l'Imitation chez l'enfant (1925); La formation des habitudes (1936); La Psychologie de la forme (1937) ; Introduction à la psychologie (1942).

  BLANCHOT Maurice (né en 1907) « Q.u'en est-il de l'art? » De l'homme, si la littérature est possible? L'œuvre - si consciente - de Maurice Blanchot est la vie même de cette interrogation; à travers le récit et l'étude critique, et par la reprise incessante de ses propres thèmes, la recherche progresse vers le lieu de la contradiction essentielle où l'art - le langage lui-même -a son origine, et qu'il a pour tâche d'indiquer. « L'œuvre...

• Immigration in the USA Introduction : The immigration is the movement of non native people going to live in a different country.

• Circle I INTRODUCTION Circle Terms Terms that apply to circles include the center, radius, diameter, secant, and tangent.

• Triangle (geometry) I INTRODUCTION Triangle (geometry), geometric figure consisting of three points, called vertices, connected by three sides.

  Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009. © 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

• Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky I INTRODUCTION Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky's work combined Russian and European influences.

  The period of his connection with von Meck was one of rich productivity for Tchaikovsky. To this time belong the operas Eugene Onegin (1879), The Maid of Orleans (1881), Mazeppa (1884), and The Sorceress (1887); the ballets Swan Lake (1877) and The Sleeping Beauty (1890); the Violin Concerto in D Major (1878) and the Piano Concerto No. 2 in G Major (1881); the orchestral works Marche Slave (1876), Symphony No. 4 in F Minor (1878), Capriccio Italien (1880), Serenade (1881), the 1...

• Arthur I INTRODUCTION King Arthur Legend and lore surround the life of Arthur, a medieval king of the Britons.

  Arthur Receiving ExcaliburAccording to legend, soon after King Arthur became ruler of Britain, he received his magnificent sword Excalibur from ahand that rose mysteriously from a lake. With Excalibur, Arthur led his armies to many victories over Britain’s enemies.Corbis Because of his humble origins, Arthur must overcome strong opposition from the British nobles to his royal claim, but eventually he is crowned. To help him in his taskof leading Britain, he receives a great sword, Excalibur, off...

• Arthur Geillon 2nd1 Introduction du commentaire sur les scènes 6 et 7 des Précieuses Ridicules de Molière Les Précieuses Ridicules est une œuvre de Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, dit Molière.

• African Theater I INTRODUCTION African Theater, traditional, historical, and contemporary dramatic forms in Africa south of the Sahara.

  The period after World War II ended in 1945 led to the struggle for and achievement of independence in many African countries. The new nation-states were oftenestablished along colonial boundaries and power was handed over to a bourgeois class who had been educated in Europe. The epoch-making era of nationalismproduced a number of African playwrights who merged African theatrical traditions with European forms. These plays are still widely performed and read in many partsof the continent. Nigeri...

• African Theater I INTRODUCTION African Theater, traditional, historical, and contemporary dramatic forms in Africa south of the Sahara.

  The period after World War II ended in 1945 led to the struggle for and achievement of independence in many African countries. The new nation-states were oftenestablished along colonial boundaries and power was handed over to a bourgeois class who had been educated in Europe. The epoch-making era of nationalismproduced a number of African playwrights who merged African theatrical traditions with European forms. These plays are still widely performed and read in many partsof the continent. Nigeri...

• Machine I INTRODUCTION Machine, simple device that affects the force, or effort, needed to do a certain amount of work.

  to decrease the amount of force needed to do work or to change the direction of the force. The wheel and axle and some levers can also be used to increase the speedof performance of a task, but doing so always increases the amount of force needed. A Inclined Plane NutsNuts are pieces of metal with a hole in the middle. They are screwed on the end of a bolt as a fastening. Nuts come invarying shapes, depending on their intended use.© Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved. Ramps and staircas...

• Gravitation I INTRODUCTION Gravitation, the force of attraction between all objects that tends to pull them toward one another.

  precise observations possible, and Galileo was one of the first to use a telescope to study astronomy. In 1609 Galileo observed that moons orbited the planet Jupiter, afact that could not reasonably fit into an earth-centered model of the heavens. The new heliocentric theory changed scientists' views about the earth's place in the universe and opened the way for new ideas about the forces behind planetarymotion. However, it was not until the late 17th century that Isaac Newton developed a theory...

• Literary Criticism I INTRODUCTION Literary Criticism, discussion of literature, including description, analysis, interpretation, and evaluation of literary works.

  IV THE 17TH AND 18TH CENTURIES The climate of criticism changed with the arrival on the literary scene of such giants as Miguel de Cervantes, Lope de Vega, and Pedro Calderòn in Spain; WilliamShakespeare, Ben Jonson, and John Milton in England; and Pierre Corneille, Jean Baptiste Racine, and Molière in France. Most of these writers specialized or excelled indrama, and consequently the so-called battle of the ancients and moderns—the critical comparison of Greek and Roman authors with more rece...

• Ballet I INTRODUCTION Tchaikovsky's The Nutcracker The Nutcracker is a classic ballet with music by Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky.

  Joffrey Ballet SchoolTraining for classical ballet dancers must begin when the students are very young. Here, teacher Dorothy Lister workswith her pre-ballet class of six-year-olds at the Joffrey Ballet School. These students are learning the five basic positions ofclassical ballet.Susan Kunklin/Photo Researchers, Inc. Different systems of ballet training have evolved, named after countries (Russia, France) or teachers (Italian dancer Enrico Cecchetti, Danish choreographer AugustBournonville). T...

• Alphabet I INTRODUCTION Bengali Script India developed a number of different writing systems over the course of its history.

  A Pictographic and Ideographic Systems Early systems of writing used pictures to represent things and then to represent the sounds of those things. Pictographic writing, in which a simplified picture of the sunstood for the word sun, was probably the first step toward a written language. Chinese began as a pictographic language. To represent abstract ideas, the Chinese writing system combined pictographs. For example, the pictographs for sun and tree were combined to represent the concept of...

• Vous expliquerez, discuterez et commenterez cette affirmation de Paul Valéry dans son Introduction à une édition des Fleurs du Mal (Collection Vers et Prose, Payot) : ... Baudelaire, quoique romantique d'origine, et même romantique par ses goûts, peut quelquefois faire figure d'un classique...

  Baudelaire a vécu toute sa jeunesse dans une période où le Romantisme n'est plus discuté. Chateaubriand, Lamartine, bientôt Hugo et Vigny, puis Musset s'imposent à l'opinion publique.Quand Baudelaire est à même de former son goût, le lyrisme est à sonapogée. Le héros romantique, solitaire, fatal et désespéré hante toutes lesimaginations de la jeunesse.Or que lit-on dans les souvenirs de collège de Baudelaire? Lourdesmélancolies, à propos du collège royal de Lyon, et encore...

• La Princesse de Clèves, Madame de Lafayette (1678) Introduction Marie-Madeleine de La Vergne naît à Paris le 18 mars 1634 dans une famille de petite noblesse, riche et cultivée.

  Une narration liée au contexte historique Au tout début du roman, Madame de Lafayette indique à son lecteur une période historique précise : « La magnificence et la galanterie n’ont jamais paru en France avec tant d’éclat que dans les dernières années du règne de Henri second » : l’histoire commence fin novembre 1558 et s’achève fin 1559, soit une année. Henri II est le fils cadet de François 1 er (1494-1547) et Claude de France (1499-1524). Après la mort t...

• LA2 : VOLTAIRE, Le Dictionnaire Philosophique, article Liberté de penser, 1764 Introduction : -18 ème s : Mouvement des Lumières, mouvement littéraire, culturel, intellectuel, philosophique.

• Drawing I INTRODUCTION Drawing, delineation of form upon a surface, usually a plane, by means of lines and tints or shading.

  In the monasteries of medieval Europe, religious texts were inscribed on parchment, then embellished with initial letters, decorative borders, and miniature scenes. InRomanesque Europe, drawings served as models to be copied for such manuscript illumination and also as cartoons ( see Cartoon), or studies, for frescoes, sculpture, and other arts. Subjects were usually treated as stylized symbols of religious truths. This viewpoint was countered in the Gothic period; the change was reflected in th...

• Temple (building) I INTRODUCTION Wat Phra Kaeo Thailand has nearly 18,000 Buddhist temples, called wats, throughout the country.

  colonnaded terraces connected by ramps. The surrounding area was planted with trees and flowers during Hatshepsut’sreign and for many years after.Gian Berto Vanni/Art Resource, NY In ancient Egypt, temples were grandiose, built of huge blocks and columns of stone. Often they were enlarged by successive rulers to form strung-out series of templeparts, as in the gigantic Temple of Amon (circa 1550-1070 BC) at Al Karnak. The Nile cliffs were used as settings for temples, such as the massive mortuar...

• Arabic Literature I INTRODUCTION Arabic Literature, literature written in the Arabic language, from the 6th century to the present.

  The life of the Prophet Muhammad also generated its own literary sources, primary among which is the hadith. The hadiths were a collection of the Prophet's sayings and actions, transmitted through a chain of authorities said to go back to Muhammad himself. The two most famous collections of hadiths are those of al-Bukhari andMuslim in the 9th century. These works provide a wealth of information covering all aspects of a Muslim's life, from prayer to personal, social, and business conduct. The...

• Arthurian Legend I INTRODUCTION King Arthur Legend and lore surround the life of Arthur, a medieval king of the Britons.

  Merlin and ArthurIn the tales of Arthurian legend, Merlin is an aged magician who helps bring King Arthur to power. Some authors alsodescribe Merlin as the young king’s tutor.Corbis Arthur is conceived when King Uther Pendragon falls in love with a married woman, Ygraine, and arranges for the magician Merlin to transform him into the likeness ofYgraine's husband. The husband, Gorlois, dies in battle, and Arthur's parents marry soon thereafter. Arthur Receiving ExcaliburAccording to legend, soon...

• American Literature: Drama I INTRODUCTION American Literature: Drama, literature intended for performance, written by Americans in the English language.

  American plays, while still a minority, began to appear in the theater repertory in the 19th century. Although American plays were still styled after British models, theirsubject matter came to be based on specifically American incidents or themes. In the United States as in Britain, many plays reflected the influence of romanticism , a European literary and artistic movement. Melodrama, with its outpourings of emotion, was the most prevalent dramatic form in the 19th century. Gothic melodramas...

• Light I INTRODUCTION Light, form of energy visible to the human eye that is radiated by moving charged particles.

  simulates the action of a moving charge upon the electric field. It creates a wave that travels along the rope in a direction that is perpendicular to the initial up anddown movement. Because electromagnetic waves are transverse—that is, the vibration that creates them is perpendicular to the direction in which they travel, they are similar to waveson a rope or waves traveling on the surface of water. Unlike these waves, however, which require a rope or water, light does not need a medium, or su...

• Elementary Particles I INTRODUCTION Structure of Matter Modern physics has revealed successively deeper layers of structure in ordinary matter.

  The most fundamental particles that make up matter fall into the fermion category. These fermions cannot be split into anything smaller. The particles that carry theforces acting on matter and antimatter are bosons called force carriers. Force carriers are also fundamental particles, so they cannot be split into anything smaller.These bosons carry the four basic forces in the universe: the electromagnetic, the gravitational, the strong (force that holds the nuclei of atoms together), and the wea...

• BIOLOGIE CELLULAIRE INTRODUCTION La recherche d'un plan unitaire d'organisation du monde des vivants et la tendance à l'unification des sciences de la vie furent synthétisées par l'élaboration de la théorie cellulaire, entre 1830 et 1850.

  2 croître, de se multiplier et de se modifier, et que commença à s'affirmer l'image de l'organisme comme société de cellules. Les premières contributions importantes concernant les cellules animales furent apportées par Jan E. Purkinje (1787-1869). Dès 1832, lorsqu'il commença à observer au microscope les tissus animaux, ce physiologiste tchèque releva la présence de cellules et établit une analogie étroite entre les structures élémentaires des plantes et celles des animaux. À partir de ces don...

• Number Theory I INTRODUCTION Number Theory, branch of mathematics that deals with the properties and relationships of numbers (see Number).