1644 résultats pour "type"

• Atom I INTRODUCTION Water Molecule A water molecule consists of an oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms, which are attached at an angle of 105°.

  spontaneously break apart and change, or decay, into other atoms. Unlike electrons, which are fundamental particles, protons and neutrons are made up of other, smaller particles called quarks. Physicists know of six different quarks.Neutrons and protons are made up of up quarks and down quarks —two of the six different kinds of quarks. The fanciful names of quarks have nothing to do with their properties; the names are simply labels to distinguish one quark from another. Quarks are unique amo...

• Brain.

  The hypothalamus lies beneath the thalamus on the midline at the base of the brain. It regulates or is involved directly in the control of many of the body's vital drivesand activities, such as eating, drinking, temperature regulation, sleep, emotional behavior, and sexual activity. It also controls the function of internal body organs bymeans of the autonomic nervous system, interacts closely with the pituitary gland, and helps coordinate activities of the brain stem. D Brain Stem The brain st...

• Horse - biology.

  Horses reach sexual maturity at about one and a half years. The estrous cycle in the mare—a mature female horse—typically lasts 21 days. During the first five days ofthe cycle, the mare is usually receptive to mating. The estrous cycle stops during winter and resumes in the spring, which is the start of the breeding season. Astallion—a mature male horse—approaching a mare in estrus engages in various courtship rituals. These include uttering nickering sounds and sniffing and licking themare’s ge...

• Birding - biology.

  swallows, and rock doves nest on buildings in cities, towns, and farms. The chimney swift has abandoned hollow trees for chimneys as a nest site in urban areas.Mallards and Canada geese—once exclusively wild, migratory species—now live year-round in the open spaces found in city parks and golf courses. Nearly all purplemartins, a songbird species that once used the abandoned nests of woodpeckers or the natural cavities of cliffs or dead trees, now live primarily in structures specificallyconstru...

• Genette, Palimpsestes (extrait).

  J’ai délibérément différé la mention du quatrième type de transtextualité parce que c’est lui et lui seul qui nous occupera directement ici. C’est donc lui que je rebaptise désormais hypertextualité. J’entends par là toute relation unissant un texte B (que j’appellerai hypertexte ) à un texte antérieur A (que j’appellerai, bien sûr, hypotexte ) sur lequel il se greffe d’une manière qui n’est pas celle du commentaire. Comme on le voit à la métaphore se greffe et à la détermination négativ...

• Atom - chemistry.

  Atoms have several properties that help distinguish one type of atom from another and determine how atoms change under certain conditions. A Atomic Number Each element has a unique number of protons in its atoms. This number is called the atomic number (abbreviated Z). Because atoms are normally electrically neutral,the atomic number also specifies how many electrons an atom will have. The number of electrons, in turn, determines many of the chemical and physical properties ofthe atom. The ligh...

• Human Evolution - biology.

  classified as Plesiadapiformes—evolved at least 65 million years ago. The earliest primates evolved by about 55 million years ago, and fossil species similar to lemursevolved during the Eocene Epoch (about 55 million to 38 million years ago). Strepsirhines share all of the basic characteristics of primates, although their brains are notparticularly large or complex and they have a more elaborate and sensitive olfactory system (sense of smell) than do other primates. B Haplorhines B1 Tarsiers T...

• Moon - astronomy.

  B Volcanic Features Maria, domes, rilles, and a few craters display indisputable characteristics of volcanic origin. Maria are plains of dark-colored rock that cover approximately 40 percent ofthe Moon's visible hemisphere. The maria formed when molten rock erupted onto the surface and solidified between 3.16 billion and 3.96 billion years ago. This rockresembles terrestrial basalt, a volcanic rock type widely distributed on Earth, but the rock that formed the maria has a higher iron content an...

• Airplane.

  For example, the Anglo-French Concorde, a commercial supersonic aircraft, was generally limited to over-water routes, or to those over sparsely populated regions ofthe world. This limitation impacted the commercial viability of the Concorde, which ended its regular passenger service in October 2003. Designers today believe theycan help lessen the impact of sonic booms created by supersonic airliners but probably cannot eliminate them. One of the most difficult practical barriers to supersonic fl...

• immunitaire, système (Biologie et Anatomie).

  Les lymphocytes T et B ont la capacité de se « souvenir » d’une exposition antérieure à un antigène spécifique. En effet, au cours d’une première réponse immunitaire à unantigène donné, un certain nombre de lymphocytes T et B n’interviennent pas directement et « sortent » du circuit pour devenir des cellules mémoire . Ces cellules sont caractérisées par une très longue durée de vie (parfois plusieurs dizaines d’années). Si une nouvelle exposition au même antigène a lieu, l’activation de ces cel...

• Ireland - country.

  F Plants and Animals Ireland’s animal life does not differ markedly from that of England or France. Over many centuries of human settlement almost all of Ireland’s natural woodlands werecleared, and indigenous animals such as bear, wolf, wildcat, beaver, wild cattle, and the giant Irish deer (a type of fallow deer) gradually disappeared. However, thehardy and versatile Connemara pony, Ireland’s only native pony breed, has been used by Irish farmers since prehistoric times. The great auk, or gar...

• Native American Architecture.

  B Relationship to the Universe and Nature A more profound difference between European American and Native American perceptions lay in how human beings saw themselves in relationship to the universe andin what they believed their responsibilities were to the natural world and to each other. Most European Americans saw themselves as separate from creation andadversaries of nature, ever struggling to conquer and subdue nature and force it to yield to their will. Native Americans saw themselves as...

• Montana - geography.

  (191 sq mi), is Montana’s largest lake, and the largest natural freshwater lake in the contiguous states west of the Mississippi River. C Climate Climatic regions in Montana coincide roughly with the two major physiographic regions. In western Montana, as compared with the eastern plains area, winters tend tobe milder while summers are cooler. Precipitation is more evenly distributed throughout the year in the west, and it is cloudier and somewhat more humid in all seasons.In addition, the grow...

• Montana - USA History.

  (191 sq mi), is Montana’s largest lake, and the largest natural freshwater lake in the contiguous states west of the Mississippi River. C Climate Climatic regions in Montana coincide roughly with the two major physiographic regions. In western Montana, as compared with the eastern plains area, winters tend tobe milder while summers are cooler. Precipitation is more evenly distributed throughout the year in the west, and it is cloudier and somewhat more humid in all seasons.In addition, the grow...

• Ant - biology.

  The workers of many ant species carry a stinger within the hind end of the gaster. These ants use the stinger to defend against their enemies. In some species, workerants lack a stinger but use the tip of their gaster to squirt or dab poison at other small animals and when fighting battles with other ants, fending off predators, or killinginsects or other animals that they use as food. III PHYSIOLOGY Ants have a rigid, external skeleton called an exoskeleton that gives the soft, inner body its...

• Africa.

  The highest elevations in Africa are found in the various ranges of East Africa. After Kilimanjaro, the next highest peaks are Mount Kenya (5,199 m/17,057 ft), north ofKilimanjaro in central Kenya; Margherita Peak (5,109 m/ 16,762 ft) in the Ruwenzori Range on the border between Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo(DRC); Ras Dashen (4,620 m/ 15,157 ft) in the Ethiopian Highlands of northern Ethiopia; Mount Meru (4,565 m/ 14,977 ft), close to Kilimanjaro in Tanzania; and MountElgon (4,...

• Africa - Geography.

  The highest elevations in Africa are found in the various ranges of East Africa. After Kilimanjaro, the next highest peaks are Mount Kenya (5,199 m/17,057 ft), north ofKilimanjaro in central Kenya; Margherita Peak (5,109 m/ 16,762 ft) in the Ruwenzori Range on the border between Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo(DRC); Ras Dashen (4,620 m/ 15,157 ft) in the Ethiopian Highlands of northern Ethiopia; Mount Meru (4,565 m/ 14,977 ft), close to Kilimanjaro in Tanzania; and MountElgon (4,...

• Railroads.

  III GAUGES The gauge of track is the distance between the inner edges of the rails at points 1.59 cm (0.626 in) below the top of the heads. In the United States, Canada, theUnited Kingdom, Mexico, Norway, Sweden, and much of continental Europe, the standard gauge is 143.51 cm (56.5 in). Why this measurement became the standard isa matter of speculation. Probably the tradition is inherited from early tramroads built to accommodate wagons with axles 1.5 m (5 ft) long; some of the early edge rail...

• Psychotherapy.

  Other managed-care companies pay therapists a set fee to meet with a client for up to a specified maximum number of sessions depending on the nature of theproblem, free of interference from case reviewers. For example, a managed-care firm may pay a therapist $200 to hold up to eight sessions with a person. If the clientuses all eight sessions, the therapist normally loses money. But if treatment stops after two or three sessions, the therapist makes a profit. This relatively new system iscontrov...

• Mythology.

  Across cultures, mythologies tend to describe similar characters. A common character is the trickster. The trickster is recklessly bold and even immoral, but through hisinventiveness he often helps human beings. In Greek mythology, Hermes (best known as the messenger of the gods) was a famous trickster. In one version of acharacteristic tale, Hermes, while still an infant, stole the cattle of his half-brother Apollo. To avoid leaving a trail that could be followed, Hermes made shoes from thebark...

• Grand oral du bac : Les maladies psychosomatiques

  principe actif, une partie des lymphocytes est morte, ce qui ne cadrait pas avec le modèle classique de l'époque où systèmes nerveux et immunitaire étaient considérés comme clairement distincts. Cela a prouvé qu'il existe une influence du psychique sur le système immunitaire. Cette découverte fortuite a conduit à la création d'une nouvelle discipline : la psycho-neure­ immunologie. Par la suite, on a montré que les messagers chimiques communs au cervea...

• L'architecture islamique

  • Cette évolution se traduit par un changement radical des matériaux et des techniques de construction. La tradition antique de la pierre bien taillée et du bel appareil cède la place à la construction en briques cuites . La légèreté et la cohésion des briques avec le mortier rendent celles -ci particulièrement propres à l'édification de voûtes qui pallient , pour la couverture des salles de mosquée , la pénurie de bois de charpente . • Les deux grande...

• Fungus - biology.

  Many fungi can reproduce by the fragmentation of their hyphae. Each fragment develops into a new individual. Yeast, a small, single-celled fungus, reproduces bybudding, in which a bump forms on the yeast cell, eventually partitioning from the cell and growing into a new yeast cell. V CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI Scientists have long disagreed about how to classify fungi, and the classification systems are still developing. The first description of fungi was published in 1729 byItalian botanist Pier...

• Plus intéressante encore est l'apparition des formes architecturales historiques :

  Fig. 7 Détaildesreprésentations dela«tombe décorée »de Hiérakonpolis. figurés (Vandier :1952, 533-560), mêmesile thème seretrouve dansla«tombe décorée »de Hiérakonpolis, traité dansunstyle moins typé(Vandier :1952, 563).Undocument commelepion dejeu d'époque thinite trouvé àAbou Roach etfigurant unemaison auxbâtiments couvertsd'untoitàdouble pente(Louvre E14 698) — prévu doncpourpermettre l'écoulement del'eau depluie —,que l'onévoque souvent pourtémoigner de l'influence mésopotamienne, n'estguère...

• Byzantine Art and Architecture I INTRODUCTION Archangel Michael This depiction of the archangel Michael, in Saint Mark's Cathedral in Venice, Italy, is an example of ancient enamel art.

  This Byzantine ivory relief shows Christ the Pantocrator, or ruler of the world, raising his hand in a gesture of blessing. Itcomes from the cover of a lectionary, or book containing portions of the scriptures, and dates from the second golden ageof Byzantine art, the late 10th century. The relief is in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, England.Bridgeman Art Library, London/New York Mosaics were the favored medium for the interior adornment of Byzantine churches. The small cubes, or tesserae, t...

• Native Americans of Middle and South America.

  A line that snakes across central Mexico near the Tropic of Cancer forms the northern boundary of Mesoamerica; north of this line rainfall sharply declines and theclimate is much drier. The ancient civilizations of Mesoamerica all arose and developed in the area between this line and the Guatemalan highlands far to the south. Richvolcanic soils are found throughout much of the region. A2 People and Languages Mesoamerica was a great melting pot, home to many peoples and interrelated cultures. In...

• COURS D'INSTITUTIONS EUROPÉENNES

  cependant pas indispensable de retracer le contenu de ces projets. Il suffit de rappeler les principales étapes de la construction communautaire. BIBLIOGRAPHIE : - « Institutions européennes » après 2009, qui permettent d’avoir une pratique plus intéressante - « Manuel d’institutions européennes » - « Morau-defarges », AROCOLIN, 2005 : présente de façon très reconnaissante des évolutions politiques de l’UE. - « le puzzle des institutions européennes » : permet de l’ensemble des évolutions politi...

• les capacités mémorielles

  Travaux Pratiques Encadrés LA MEMOIRE I. L'organisation de la mémoire et le parcours d'un souvenir I. 1. L'organisation de la mémoire 1a- Les différents types de mémoire   1b- Les neurones (anatomie et rôle) I. 2. Le parcours d'un souvenir 2a- Les trois étapes 2b- Test de mémorisation d'une souris II. L'entretien et le maintien de la mémoire 1- L'alimentation 2- L'activité physique 3- Le sommeil III. Les troubles de la mémoire 1- Les causes 2- Les maladies L'i ntroduction   La m émoire e...

• gauche, et puis ensuite à droite, et puis lorsque vous

  — Quoi, quoi ?ditleSanctimontronais, moijemarche plus.Jesuis pasvenu àParis pour jouer aucoboille. — Et vous ? ditl’autre conducteur ens’adressant àTrouscaillon, qu’est-cequevous attendez pourdresser unconstat ? — Vous enfaites pas,luirépondit Trouscaillon, c’estconstaté, c’estconstaté. Pouvez me faire confiance. Et ilimitait leflic qui griffonne destrucs surunvieil écorné carnet. — Vzavez votrecarte grise ? Trouscaillon fitsemblant del’examiner. — Pas depasseport diplomatique ? — (négation écœu...

• Culture.

  form of knowledge, such as scientific discoveries; objects, such as works of art; and traditions, such as the observance of holidays. C1 Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism Self-identity usually depends on culture to such a great extent that immersion in a very different culture—with which a person does not share common ways of life orbeliefs—can cause a feeling of confusion and disorientation. Anthropologists refer to this phenomenon as culture shock. In multicultural societies —societies s...

• Physics I INTRODUCTION Physics, major science, dealing with the fundamental constituents of the universe, the forces they exert on one another, and the results produced by these forces.

  Starting about 1665, at the age of 23, Newton enunciated the principles of mechanics, formulated the law of universal gravitation, separated white light into colors,proposed a theory for the propagation of light, and invented differential and integral calculus. Newton's contributions covered an enormous range of naturalphenomena: He was thus able to show that not only Kepler's laws of planetary motion but also Galileo's discoveries of falling bodies follow a combination of his ownsecond law of m...

• Qu'est-ce que la science politique?

  A. qu'est-ce que le pouvoir? a. Difficulté et pluralité des définitionsàLes approches substantialistes: elle définissent le pouvoir par sa substance. Le fait de posséder le pouvoir ou de le perdre. C'est le fait d'en avoir ou pas.àLes approches institutionnalistes: ce sont celle qui cherchent à identifier le pouvoir par les institutions comme l'état ou le gouvernement.àles approches interactionnistes: elle définissent avant tout le pouvoir comme une relation sociale.Ces trois approches sont moin...

• LA PUBERTE (Travaux Personnels Encadrés – Médecine & Santé – TS)

  LA PUBERTÉ CHEZ LE GARÇON • La puberté débute vers 12 ans. Elle survient en moyenne deux ans plus tard que chez les filles . LA CROISSANCE • La croissance du corps commence environ une année après les premiers signes de la puberté, vers 13 ans. La vitesse de croissance s'accélère de manière progressive jusqu'à atteindre 10 centimètres par an, contre 5 centimètres par an juste avant la puberté . • Cette croissance affecte surtout la longueur de...

• BIOSPHÈRE LES BIOMES GÉNÉRALITÉS La surface de la Terre n'est pas uniforme, mais

  2 régions les plus arides de la Terre. Dans les déserts chauds, les températures diurnes dépassent 38 °C et il ne pleut jamais, car les masses d’air en mouvement ont perdu toute la vapeur d’eau qu’elles contenaient. Les savanes sont des prairies tropicales plus ou moins arides, où des arbres poussent parfois çà et là. Ces étendues herbacées plus ou moins arborées caractérisent les régions tropicales et subtropicales où la température est constamment élevée, et où il existe des variations saison...

• La COMMUNICATION ANIMALE

  substances non spécialisées : urine , excréments , liquide amniotique , sueur , salive . LES FONCTIONS DE LA COMMUNICATION ANIMALE Lorsqu'une relation s'établit entre des individus de la même espèce, on parle de communication intraspécifique. C'est notamment le cas lorsqu'un mâle tente de séduire une femelle de son espèce. La communication est dite interspé­ cifique lorsqu'elle concerne deux animaux d'espèces différentes , un oiseau simulant l'aile...

• religion - religion.

  les Navajos, par exemple, cet aspect du spirituel est appelé hozon, un terme qui se réfère à une sensation de beauté et de paix extrêmes, qui peut être invoqué par des rituels composés de chants, de danses et de peintures sur sable. Ces rituels de magie bienveillante, qu’ils invoquent l’ hozon, la pluie ou les cultures fertiles, trouvent leur origine dans la fusion entre les humains et la nature, et entre les représentations de l’esprit et les événements du monde extérieur. 3.3 Rituel Le r...

• Bergson: apprendre par coeur

  II Comparaison analogique avec l'habitude _ Pour faire apparaître que ces deux types de souvenir ne se confondent pas, mais bien plutôt diffèrent, Bergsonuse d'une comparaison méthodique fondée sur une analogie avec l'habitude. L'habitude désigne le résultat d'unerépétition qui finit par s'incarner dans le corps. Ainsi l'habitude est acquise et, nécessite un apprentissage qui larapproche de la mémoire du corps. La mémoire du corps désigne la survivance du passé sous la forme demécanism...

• planétologie - astronomie.

  été la première indication de l’existence d’un champ magnétique très intense sur une planète autre que la Terre (le champ magnétique de Jupiter est 17 000 fois supérieur àcelui de la Terre). Le rayonnement radio décimétrique (de fréquence comprise entre 1 000 MHz et 3 000 MHz) émis par Jupiter est interprété comme l’émission synchrotronde particules chargées relativistes, piégées dans le champ magnétique jovien interne. Ainsi, les ceintures de radiations joviennes ont-elles été découvertes deux...

• La Psychiatrie est elle une science?

  distinguish science from non-science. Philosophers of science now generally agree that the search for a demarcation criterion has failed. However, in other disciplines the search for a means of distinguishing science from pseudoscience continues. I review the current debate in psychology and psychiatry. Then, returning to philosophical work, I discuss and support accounts according to which 'science' is best considered a family resemblance term. This suggests that whether psychiatric research is...

• L'organisation sociale. - Les groupes - Introduction : les éléments de la cohésion sociale Le primat de la vie. - De la vie à la puissance

  de parents. On peut noter, à juste titre, que l'évolution de notre type familial s'est accompagnée d'un affaiblissement de l 'im­ portance de la famille dans la vie sociale. Sans doute, la famille est-elle sanctionnée par le droit : nous distinguons entre fa­ mille légale et famille " naturelle »; une cérémonie, civile ou religieuse, la fonde, qui, aux yeux de la loi, est un contrat : le mariage. De même, pour ce qui est de la...

• Mountain Climbing.

  teeth on one side, and a straight, flat, metal blade called an adze on the other. Ice axes have many uses. One of the most common is to help the climber stay balanced on steep slopes. The climber swings the axe with a short, quick movement to lodge the pick in snow or ice, creating a secure anchor. If a climber should slip and beginsliding down a snowfield, a self-arrest can be performed by turning face down on the snow and burying the pick in the snow surface. The climber’s weight over the...

• Islamic Art and Architecture I INTRODUCTION Córdoba Mosque Courtyard This mosque and courtyard with its repeated horseshoe arches was built between the 8th and 10th centuries in Córdoba, Spain.

  Süleymaniye MosqueThe Süleymaniye Mosque in İstanbul was built in 1550. The architect, Sinan, based his design on Byzantine churches, inparticular the Hagia Sophia. The large central dome above a square opens to smaller spaces vaulted by buttressing half-domes. The four tapering minarets with balconies are characteristic of the architectural style of later Islamic mosques.Gian Berto Vanni/Art Resource, NY The few and relatively simple rituals of the Islamic faith gave rise to a unique religious...

• Automobile Racing.

  beginning in 1906 at Le Mans it came to refer to the principal F1 auto race in a given nation, except in the United States, where the term continues to be used lessdiscriminately. After the end of World War I in 1918, when automobile racing blossomed internationally, a series of GP races in several nations became reserved for F1competition, and an annual GP calendar was developed consisting of national races, such as the French Grand Prix and the British Grand Prix. An annual award calledthe Wor...

• Radio.

  signal, such as a musical note. This form of modulation, AM, is used in many radiotelephony services including standard radiobroadcasts. AM is also employed for carriercurrent telephony, in which the modulated carrier is transmitted by wire, and in the transmission of still pictures by wire or radio. See Broadcasting, Radio and Television. In FM the frequency of the carrier wave is varied within a fixed range at a rate corresponding to the frequency of a sound signal. This form of modulation, p...

• Earthquake.

  III CAUSES Most earthquakes are caused by the sudden slip along geologic faults. The faults slip because of movement of the Earth’s tectonic plates. This concept is called theelastic rebound theory. The rocky tectonic plates move very slowly, floating on top of a weaker rocky layer. As the plates collide with each other or slide past eachother, pressure builds up within the rocky crust. Earthquakes occur when pressure within the crust increases slowly over hundreds of years and finally exceeds...

• Radar.

  gathers the weak returning radar signals and converts them into an electric current. Because a radar antenna may both transmit and receive signals, the duplexerdetermines whether the antenna is connected to the receiver or the transmitter. The receiver determines whether the signal should be reported and often does furtheranalysis before sending the results to the display. The display conveys the results to the human operator through a visual display or an audible signal. B1 The Antenna The rec...

• Africa - history.

  Africa’s other major mountainous regions occur at the northern and southern fringes of the continent. The Atlas Mountains, a system of high ranges, extend for 2,200 km(1,400 mi) across Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, roughly parallel to the northern coast. These ranges enclose a number of broad inland basins and plateaus. In the west, theHigh (or Grand) Atlas contains Toubkal (4,165 m/ 13,665 ft), the highest peak of the system. Toward the east, the Atlas consists of two parallel ranges: the Tell...

• Africa.

  The highest elevations in Africa are found in the various ranges of East Africa. After Kilimanjaro, the next highest peaks are Mount Kenya (5,199 m/17,057 ft), north ofKilimanjaro in central Kenya; Margherita Peak (5,109 m/ 16,762 ft) in the Ruwenzori Range on the border between Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo(DRC); Ras Dashen (4,620 m/ 15,157 ft) in the Ethiopian Highlands of northern Ethiopia; Mount Meru (4,565 m/ 14,977 ft), close to Kilimanjaro in Tanzania; and MountElgon (4,...

• Cuba - country.

  Only two land mammals, the hutia, or cane rat, and the solenodon, a rare insectivore that resembles a rat, are known to be indigenous. The island has numerous batsand nearly 300 kinds of birds, including vultures, wild turkeys, quail, finches, gulls, macaws, parakeets, and hummingbirds. The bee hummingbird of Cuba is thesmallest bird in the world. Among the few reptiles are tortoises, caimans, the Cuban crocodile, and a species of boa that can attain a length of 3.7 m (12 ft). More than700 speci...

• NIETZSCHE: Ce à quoi ils tendent de toutes leurs forces

  Mais surtout, le bonheur n'est possible que lorsqu'il y a égalité, c'est ce que les « prêtres » cherchentavant tout, ils veulent supprimer les différences, car ces dernières se font forcément à leur désavantage. Enproposant la sécurité les prêtres tuent en réalité la liberté. L'allègement de l'existence est un symptôme caractéristique de cette caste, ils considèrent l'existencecomme étant trop difficile, et cherchent à tout prix à la rendre plus facile, mais c'est la voix des faibles...