3894 résultats pour "nationale"

• L'EMPIRE COLONIAL ITALIEN: De Massaouah à El-Alamein, en passant par Adoua et Addis-Abeba

  LA MOIIltE DU NATIOIIAUSME 1!110 • Depuis la défaite d'Adoua, les journaux et revues nationalistes se multiplient en Italie. Des intellectuels comme Enrico Corradini font évoluer la pensée nationaliste, prétendant que la nation n'est plus le fruit de l'histoire et le résultat d'un libre choix des hommes, mais une valeur suprême qui s'Impose aux hommes . Cette vision mystique de la nation se nourrit du darwinisme sodal, qui oppose les nations proléta...

• finlandaise, littérature.

  1886 ; les Enfants du guignon — Kovan onnen lapsia, 1888). L’œuvre d’Arvid Järnefelt (1861-1932) est placée quant à elle sous la figure tutélaire de Léon Tolstoï, avec lequel il partage la haine du matérialisme, une certaine exaltation de la nature, et une critique sociale ( les Fils de la terre — Maaemon Lapsia, 1905). Le naturalisme littéraire est représenté par les œuvres des romanciers Joel Lehtonen (1881-1934) et Toivo Pekkanen (1902-1957). Le premier se détache progressivement du roma...

• Tokyo - geography.

  room for new facilities and container terminals, and improvements to storage and distribution facilities. The largest categories of exports from the port of Tokyo aremachinery, automotive parts, and chemical products. Imports include lumber, machinery, fruits and vegetables, processed foods and beverages, and marine products. Muchof Tokyo’s trade also goes through the port of Yokohama. That city has a better natural harbor and was developed after 1858 for the specific purpose of serving Tokyo wi...

• La Nahda

  geants despotes», écrit-il en 1905. Tandis que ce réformiste sala­ fi (de salaf, ancêtres) prône l'islamisation de la société ci­ vile, Abd al-Rahman al-Kawa­ kibi (1849 -1902) part du m ê­ me déni du pouvoir absolu pour aboutir à une nécessaire séparation de la religion et de l'État. Sans elle, point de dia- logue intellectuel qui puisse élargir le cadre juridique de la charia aux droits et devoirs in­ dividuel s. Cette compatib...

• Résistance.

  profession ou le même milieu social, ou qui partageaient les mêmes conceptions religieuses ou politiques. Certains, pour manifester leur protestation, menèrent des actions d'éclat hautement symboliques, telle la manifestation des étudiants à Paris le 11 novembre 1940, qui fut durement réprimée. Cependant ne tarda pas à apparaître la nécessité de regrouper ces efforts isolés, de coordonner leur action, de leur fixer des tâches précises et de leur fournir les moyens de les remplir. C'est...

• Conseil national de la Résistance (CNR).

• Washington, D.

  structures built according to L’Enfant’s plan. During the War of 1812, British troops set fire to the White House, destroying its interior. President James Madison and hisfamily lived in the Octagon while the White House was being rebuilt. South of the Federal Triangle is the Mall, a narrow park stretching roughly 1.6 km (1 mi) from the Capitol to the Washington Monument. Although the Mall officially endsat 14th Street, landscaped greenery extends to the Potomac. The Washington Monument, whose m...

• Burundi - country.

  D Way of Life Most Burundians live in self-contained compounds of small round grass huts scattered over the country’s many hills. The rugo , the traditional Tutsi hut, is divided into sections and surrounded by an enclosure and cattle corrals. Families farm scattered plots of land on different soils at different altitudes to minimize crop failure. Thefloors of valleys are avoided due to higher temperatures and tsetse fly infestation. Social roles are largely determined by ethnicity, with the T...

• DÉFENSE NATIONALE ET MÉTIER MILITAIRE

  Contre h; château fort, on continue à employer les armes de siège de l'armée romaine : les catapultes . . (Photo E.C.P. Armées). L'arbalète n'est qu'une amélioration de l'arc. La découverte de la poudre va transformer tout l' art de la guerre. (Photo E.C.P. Armées) .

• Espagne.

  1,5 million en 2006, Marocains, Roumains). L’Espagne est divisée en 50 provinces. Celles-ci sont réunies en 17 communautés autonomes : Andalousie, Aragon, Asturies, Baléares, Pays Basque, Canaries, Cantabrie,Castille-La Manche, Castille et León, Catalogne, Estrémadure, Galice, La Rioja, Madrid, Murcie, Navarre et Valence. Trois d’entre elles bénéficient d’un statut de « grandeautonomie » : la Catalogne, la Galice et le Pays Basque. Les quatre régions les plus peuplées, en 2007, étaient l’Andalou...

• L'ambition de Slobodan Milosevic: une Grande Serbie

  mais il échoue lorsque les communistes slovènes puis croates claquent la porte du congrès extraordinaire de janvier 1990, oùleurs " camarades " serbes veulent faire la loi. Sa revanche sera de régner sur tous les Serbes de la Yougoslavie. Et c'est ainsi, par mégalomanie, qu'il devient le patron de la" Grande Serbie " et l'apôtre d'une idéologie nationaliste qu'il manipulera avec d'autant plus de ruse et de cynisme qu'il la méprise.Pour lui, l'important, c'est le fauteuil. Celui, désormais, de...

• Le parc national de PORT-CROS

• Palestine.

  restants sont considérés comme les « Peuples du Livre ». Ils obtiennent l’autonomie de leurs communautés, ainsi que la sécurité et la liberté religieuse. Une telle toléranceest rare dans l’histoire des religions. La plupart des Palestiniens adoptent la culture islamique et arabe. Ils tirent profit du commerce et de la place religieuse de l’empirependant la première dynastie islamique, celle des Omeyyades de Damas. Lorsque le pouvoir passe aux Abbassides de Bagdad en 750, la Palestine est négligé...

• Election.

  majority systems usually reduce the number of competitive political parties—for example, the mostly two-party system in the United States. Proportional representation systems boost participation by increasing the value of a vote to smaller or more marginal portions of a national population. In the UnitedStates, plurality or majority systems have reduced the incentive to vote of citizens who do not identify closely with the Democratic or Republican Party. Disillusionmentwith the major parties and...

• Benin - country.

  French is the official language of Benin, but most people speak an African language. Each of the country’s ethnic groups has its own language. Fon is the most widelyspoken language. About 52 percent of the population professes traditional religious beliefs, chiefly Vodun, a belief in spirits. Arab merchants introduced Islam to the region, and today it isthe religion of some 20 percent of the people, most of whom live in the north. Christianity, especially Roman Catholicism, is the religion of ab...

• Souveraineté nationale et souveraineté populaire

  La rédaction ne pose pas de difficulté si vous avez correctement effectué votre préparation : gardez toujours votre plan détaillé sous les yeux. N'oubliez pas derédiger un chapeau introductif sous les intitulés de vos grandes parties. Pensez à la transition entre vos deux parties. Deux ou trois phrases suffisent : il s'agit deconclure la partie que vous achevez puis d'annoncer la nouvelle. Vos chapeaux introductifs et votre transition révèlent la cohérence de votre plan et donc de votredevoir. S...

• L'Autorité nationale palestinienne, un État en « suspens »

• L'African National Congress (ANC)

• Finland - country.

  Productive forestland is the most valuable natural resource of Finland. Spruce, pine, and silver birch are the principal trees used to manufacture wood and pulp andpaper products. Finland lacks coal and petroleum resources and is a net importer of energy resources. However, Finland does have significant deposits of peat, which is cut from thenumerous peat bogs that cover much of the north. Peat is an important heat source for homes, and it provides about 7 percent of Finland’s electricity needs....

• Malaysia - geographie.

  sind Hindu, daneben gibt es eine christliche Minderheit (6 Prozent). Sabahs größte Volksgruppe, die Kadayan, sind ebenfalls Christen. In Sabah und Sarawak sind vor allemanimistische Stammesreligionen verbreitet. 3.2. 1 Feiertage In Malaysia gibt es eine Vielzahl von nationalen und regionalen Feiertagen. Zu den nationalen Feiertagen gehören Neujahr (1. Januar), der Tag der Arbeit (1. Mai), Yang di- Pertuan Agong, der Geburtstag des Königs (derzeit am 4. Juni), der Merdeka-Tag (31. August) und...

• Gabon - country.

  government is engaged in preservation and reforestation programs. The fish catch in 2005 was 43,941 metric tons. C Mining Mining has developed rapidly since Gabon’s independence in 1960. Annual production of extremely high-grade manganese ore, from Moanda in the southeast, was1,090,000 metric tons in 2004. The rich deposits of iron ore located at Mekambo and Bélinga in the northeast have reserves estimated at more than 500 million metrictons. Exploitation of the iron ore has been hampered by th...

• Democratic Republic of the Congo - country.

  Except in the high elevations, the country’s climate is very hot and humid. The average annual temperature in the low central area is about 27°C (about 80°F).Temperatures are considerably higher in February, the hottest month. At altitudes above about 1,500 m (about 5,000 ft) the average annual temperature is about 19°C(about 66°F). Average annual rainfall is about 1,500 mm (about 60 in) in the north and about 1,300 mm (about 50 in) in the south. Frequent heavy rains occur fromApril to November...

• France de 1980 à 1989 : Histoire

  François Mitterrand, au lendemain de sa victoire à l'élection présidemielle dtt JO mai 1981. © D. Goldberg · Sygma Dessin de Plamu concemant le paysage audiovisuel françai s. © Planlll · Le Monde tourmente dans le paysage poli t ique a-t -elle modifié les comportements des partis, le poid s relatif des institutions, les us et coutumes de la vie publique fr anç aise? L'échiquier polit iq u e, en vérité, a accueilli quelques nouveaux venus. La m...

• Mexico City - geography.

  Chapultepec Park also contains several museums. The most important is the National Museum of Anthropology. Other museums include Mexico's Museum of Modern Art andthe Museum of Natural History. (These museums are described below in the section Education and Culture .) Mexico City's major north-south artery is the Avenida Insurgentes, which stretches 30 km (21 mi). It crosses the Paseo de la Reforma just north of the tourist area knownas the Zona Rosa (Spanish for “Pink Zone”). Within this nei...

• Paris (city, France) - geography.

  and its vibrant public square, frequented by street performers, soon became among the most popular landmarks in the city. West of the Pompidou Center is Les Halles, the site of the central market of Paris from the 12th century until 1969. The market was subsequently replaced by the Forum LesHalles, a multilevel underground complex featuring a shopping mall, museums, the Paris film library ( vidéothèque ), and a sports center. The street level of Les Halles features a garden, the Jardin des Halle...

• La Croatie entre nationalisme et démocratie

• Chile - country.

  D Plant and Animal Life The indigenous plant life of Chile varies according to climatic zone. Plant life in the northern region includes brambles and cactus and has little variety. Here, theAtacama provides one of the best examples on Earth of an absolute desert. The more humid Central Valley supports several species of cacti, espino (a thorny shrub),grasses, and the Chilean pine, which bears edible nuts. Dense rain forests are located south of Valdivia with laurel, magnolia, false beech, and v...

• Vice President of the United States.

  naval operations. Located in northwest Washington at Massachusetts Avenue and 34th Street, the three-story Queen Anne-style house is within easy driving distance ofCapitol Hill and the White House. The vice president receives an annual salary of $189,300. The vice president has a staff and offices in the Everett M. Dirksen Senate Office Building, near the Capitol, toassist with legislative matters, as well as a personal office near the Senate lobby. The vice president also has staff and offices...

• Suriname (country) - country.

  Tongo, a Creole language. Also known as Taki-Taki, Sranang Tongo includes elements of several languages and is the vehicle for most interethnic communication. Otherlanguages spoken in Suriname include Hindi, Javanese, Chinese, English, and French. Small numbers of Native Americans still speak indigenous languages. The main religions in Suriname are Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism. The majority of Christians are Roman Catholics, and members of the Moravian Church predominateamong Protestants. E...

• South Dakota - geography.

  C1 Temperatures Average January temperatures are everywhere less than -4° C (24° F) and decrease to less than -12° C (10° F) in some northern sections. The January temperaturesin Sioux Falls range from -16° to -4° C (3° to 24° F). Nightime lows of -29° C (-20° F) occur during most winters. July averages are in the low and middle 20°s C (lowand middle 70°s F) throughout most of the state, and are somewhat lower in the Black Hills. The average temperature range in Sioux Falls in July is 17° to 30...

• South Dakota - USA History.

  C1 Temperatures Average January temperatures are everywhere less than -4° C (24° F) and decrease to less than -12° C (10° F) in some northern sections. The January temperaturesin Sioux Falls range from -16° to -4° C (3° to 24° F). Nightime lows of -29° C (-20° F) occur during most winters. July averages are in the low and middle 20°s C (lowand middle 70°s F) throughout most of the state, and are somewhat lower in the Black Hills. The average temperature range in Sioux Falls in July is 17° to 30...

• 1933: Le New Deal de Roosevelt fait des États -Unis un État social moderne

  Franklin Delano Roosevelt lors de la campagne présidentielle de 1933 avec John N. Garner, candidat à la vice-présidence Le New Deal de Roos evelt fait des États .. Unis un État social moderne Au cours des cent premiers jours de la présidence de Fr anklin Delano Roosevelt, en 1933, le Congrès américain vote quelques-unes des lois les plus im por tantes qui doivent offrir t< une nouv elle donn e n, a new deal, au peuple améric ain. E n 1932, lorsqu...

• Lester Pearson.

  a vacant seat. The by-election followed a major Liberal victory in September, and as a Liberal Party candidate, Pearson won by a comfortable margin in Algoma East,Ontario. He was reelected to the House of Commons in elections between 1949 and 1965. He was immediately made secretary of state for external affairs in the cabinetof Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent. In this post, Pearson set a new standard of frank exchange and cooperation that brought him respect and esteem. However, manyCanadians w...

• Lester Pearson - Canadian History.

  a vacant seat. The by-election followed a major Liberal victory in September, and as a Liberal Party candidate, Pearson won by a comfortable margin in Algoma East,Ontario. He was reelected to the House of Commons in elections between 1949 and 1965. He was immediately made secretary of state for external affairs in the cabinetof Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent. In this post, Pearson set a new standard of frank exchange and cooperation that brought him respect and esteem. However, manyCanadians w...

• Prince Edward Island - Geography.

  hectares (109 acres) each. In 2006 there were 1,700 farms, of which the average size was 148 hectares (366 acres). In 2005 the total farm cash receipts were C$510million. The most important agricultural products in terms of value include potatoes, milk and cream, cattle and calves, hogs, tobacco, vegetables, eggs, hens andchickens, and furs. For the most part the island’s agriculture is diversified, rather than specialized, because of the lack of a large urban industrial population within easy r...

• Prince Edward Island - Canadian History.

  hectares (109 acres) each. In 2006 there were 1,700 farms, of which the average size was 148 hectares (366 acres). In 2005 the total farm cash receipts were C$510million. The most important agricultural products in terms of value include potatoes, milk and cream, cattle and calves, hogs, tobacco, vegetables, eggs, hens andchickens, and furs. For the most part the island’s agriculture is diversified, rather than specialized, because of the lack of a large urban industrial population within easy r...

• London (England) - geography.

  In the northern part of the West End is Bloomsbury, the city’s traditional intellectual center, with its concentration of bookshops and homes of writers and academics. Inthe early 20th century a number of famous writers, critics, and artists who lived here became known as the Bloomsbury Group. Here, too, is the British Museum, one ofLondon’s chief tourist attractions. Nearby is the giant complex of the University of London, whose various colleges and departments have taken over much ofBloomsbury...

• Lyndon B.

  A1 First Years in Office Johnson quickly made a two-fold reputation. He was a firm supporter of Roosevelt’s program, both domestic and foreign, and he was also a tireless worker on behalf ofthe voters he represented. Often the two activities coincided, as was the case when he helped to bring public power into Texas through the Rural ElectrificationAdministration and the Lower Colorado River Authority. He also secured funds for the building of dams, roads, and other public improvements in his di...

• L'Autriche, alpestre, germanophone et catholique, est un pays issu d'un vaste empire, et membre aujourd'hui de l'Union européenne.

  Le peuplement de l'Autriche mêle au substrat celto-romain les apports des Huns, Germains, Slaves et Magyars. La religion catholique est encore pratiquée avec ferveur par une population presque entièrement de langue allemande. Le territoire est peu densément peuplé ; si Vienne concentre plus de 20 % de la population nationale, l'Autriche demeure un pays de bourgades, aux rares grandes villes. La montagne alpine se dépeuple à peine, grâce au tourisme et à la petite industrie. La vie économique. A...

• Winston Churchill I INTRODUCTION Winston Churchill (1874-1965), British politician and prime minister of the United Kingdom (1940-1945, 1951-1955), widely regarded as the greatest British leader of the 20th century.

  sufficient tools to break the stalemate on the western front and he worked on developing armored fighting vehicles (tanks) to break the deadlock and end theslaughter. As the lines hardened on the western front, Churchill focused on a campaign to force open the Dardanelles Strait, controlled by the Ottoman Empire, to give the Allies adirect route to Russia through the Black Sea. Such a move would bring much-needed supplies to the Russian armies and eliminate the Ottomans from the war. Whenthe nav...

• Winston Churchill.

  sufficient tools to break the stalemate on the western front and he worked on developing armored fighting vehicles (tanks) to break the deadlock and end theslaughter. As the lines hardened on the western front, Churchill focused on a campaign to force open the Dardanelles Strait, controlled by the Ottoman Empire, to give the Allies adirect route to Russia through the Black Sea. Such a move would bring much-needed supplies to the Russian armies and eliminate the Ottomans from the war. Whenthe nav...

• Winston Churchill .

  sufficient tools to break the stalemate on the western front and he worked on developing armored fighting vehicles (tanks) to break the deadlock and end theslaughter. As the lines hardened on the western front, Churchill focused on a campaign to force open the Dardanelles Strait, controlled by the Ottoman Empire, to give the Allies adirect route to Russia through the Black Sea. Such a move would bring much-needed supplies to the Russian armies and eliminate the Ottomans from the war. Whenthe nav...

• ENA (École nationale d'administration).

• Kansas City (Missouri) - geography.

  Major institutions of higher education in Kansas City are a branch (established in 1929) of the University of Missouri, Avila College (1916), Rockhurst College (1910),DeVry Institute of Technology (Missouri) (1931), and the Kansas City Art Institute (1885). Schools in neighboring suburbs include Park University (1875), in Parkville,and William Jewell College (1849), in Liberty. Baptist, Nazarene, and Methodist theological schools are also located in the area. Midwest Research Institute, one of t...

• ROMANS NATIONAUX (Les). Erckmann-Chatrian

• Richard Nixon.

  As President Eisenhower neared the end of his second term, his vice president emerged as his logical successor, and the president endorsed Nixon in March. Nixonreceived an impressive vote in party primaries, and at the Republican National Convention, held in Chicago in July, he received all but ten of the delegates’ votes on thefirst ballot. Nixon chose as his running mate the U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, Henry Cabot Lodge of Massachusetts. An unusual feature of the campaign wasa serie...

• Richard Nixon

  As President Eisenhower neared the end of his second term, his vice president emerged as his logical successor, and the president endorsed Nixon in March. Nixonreceived an impressive vote in party primaries, and at the Republican National Convention, held in Chicago in July, he received all but ten of the delegates’ votes on thefirst ballot. Nixon chose as his running mate the U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, Henry Cabot Lodge of Massachusetts. An unusual feature of the campaign wasa serie...

• Kenya.

  et installèrent des comptoirs prospères à Mombasa ou Malindi. Découvert en 1498 par Vasco de Gama, le Kenya fut partiellement dominé par les Portugais, qui durent cependant affronter une forte résistance, avant d'être définitivement chassés du pays en 1698 par les Arabes de Zanzibar, dépendance du sultanat d'Oman. En 1888, la British East African Company obtint du sultan d'Oman la concession de vastes territoires. Accordés à la Couronne en 1894, ils devinrent une colonie, sous le nom de Kenya, e...

• Ghana - geographie.

  Staatsoberhaupt ist der für eine Amtszeit von vier Jahren vom Volk gewählte Präsident. Die Amtszeit der 200 Abgeordneten des Parlaments beträgt ebenfalls vier Jahre. DerPremierminister, der Parlamentsabgeordneter sein muss, wird vom Präsidenten ernannt. Bedeutendste politische Parteien sind die New Patriotic Party (NPP) und der National Democratic Congress (NDC). Ghana ist in zehn Regionen gegliedert: Northern, Eastern, Western, Central, Upper East, Upper West, Volta, Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo un...

• Les immigrés et les étrangers en France dans l'entre deux guerres

  C des salaires très bas et une impossibilité de se révolter. - les immigrés sont moins bien payés que les français soit juste parce qu’ils sont étrangers soit parce qu’ils sont considérés comme moins qualifiés. - Ils ne peuvent pas agir pour leur salaire étant donné qu’ils sont remplaçables, il n’y a donc aucune révolte de travailleur immigrés ou étrangers. - Ils ne savent pas de quoi demain est fait, ils peuvent être renvoyés a tout...