3232 résultats pour "systems"

• Sun - astronomy.

  A The Sun’s Place in the Milky Way The Milky Way Galaxy contains about 400 billion stars. All of these stars, and the gas and dust between them, are rotating about a galactic center. Stars that arefarther away from the center move at slower speeds and take longer to go around it. The Sun is located in the outer part of the galaxy, at a distance of 2.6 × 10 17 km (1.6 × 10 17 mi) from the center. The Sun, which is moving around the center at a velocity of 220 km/s (140 mi/s), takes 250 million y...

• Stern - Astronomie.

  4.1 Klasse O Diese Gruppe ist vor allem durch die Linien von Helium, Sauerstoff und Stickstoff sowie durch die Wasserstofflinien charakterisiert. Die O-Gruppe umfasst extrem heißeSterne. Hier findet man sowohl Sterne, die Wasserstoff- und Heliumspektren mit hellen Linien zeigen, als auch solche, die von denselben Elementen dunkle Linienaufweisen. 4.2 Klasse B In dieser Gruppe erreichen die Heliumlinien ihre maximale Intensität bei der Untergruppe B 2 und werden in den höheren Untergruppen zune...

• Kiribati - country.

  mainly from Japan, the European Union (EU), and Australia. Kiribati’s only major exports are copra (dried coconut meat), cultivated seaweed, and fish. The United States, Australia, and New Zealand are the leading purchasers ofthe country’s exports. Despite the cultivation of crops for local consumption, Kiribati is heavily dependent upon imported foods. Other imports include machinery andequipment, manufactured goods, and imported fossil fuels, which supply most of the country’s energy. Australi...

• Albania - country.

  Joining the international community in its concern over the degradation of the environment, Albania is party to international agreements concerning biodiversity, climatechange, and wetlands. III THE PEOPLE OF ALBANIA In 2008 Albania’s population estimate was 3,619,778, resulting in an average density of 132 persons per sq km (342 per sq mi). More and more people have left ruralareas for urban ones, particularly in the northern districts, such that in 2005 some 45 percent of the population live...

• coeur - Anatomie.

  Le développement de plaques graisseuses est en partie dû à un excès de cholestérol et de graisses animales dans l'alimentation ( voir Nutrition). Un mode de vie sédentaire peut aussi favoriser l'athérosclérose, et l'expérience montre que l'exercice physique peut la prévenir. La morphologie et la personnalité jouent également un rôle : uncaractère perfectionniste ou de battant, par exemple, appelé personnalité de type A, est fréquemment associé à un risque accru de crise cardiaque ( voir Stress...

• coeur (Biologie et Anatomie).

  Le développement de plaques graisseuses est en partie dû à un excès de cholestérol et de graisses animales dans l'alimentation ( voir Nutrition). Un mode de vie sédentaire peut aussi favoriser l'athérosclérose, et l'expérience montre que l'exercice physique peut la prévenir. La morphologie et la personnalité jouent également un rôle : uncaractère perfectionniste ou de battant, par exemple, appelé personnalité de type A, est fréquemment associé à un risque accru de crise cardiaque ( voir Stress...

• Les lunes du système solaire (Travaux Pratiques Encadrés)

  LES SATELLITES INTERNES Adrastée, Métis, Amalthée et Thébé évoluent à l'intérieur de l'orbite de lo. De faibles dimensions (moins de 100 km de diamètre), ces lunes sont probablement les sources de poussière qui alimentent les anneaux de Jupiter. LES SATELLITES SATURNIENS principalement de la glace. Il porte la marque d 'un impact gigantesque qui l'a presque désintégré. Le cratère a un diamètre de 30 km, à comparer à un diamètre d'environ 200 km et...

• La rééducation post-traumatique (Travaux Personnels Encadrés – Médecine & Santé – TS)

  .! Kinrsitlrér11pie 11ctive C'est l'ensemble des exercices accomplis par le malade lui-même , sous le contrôle et la direction du kinésithérapeute. Cette forme de kinésithérapie a pour but d'entretenir ou de récupérer la force musculaire , d'éviter les raideurs articulaires et l'ostéoporo se (affaiblissement de la structure des os) d'inaction, de favoriser la circulation du retour veineux et lymphatique . Les mouvements actifs s'effectuent selon troi...

• Sigmund Freud.

  reminiscences from the past and about her daydreams. Remarkably, as her narrative revisited memories from the past, which were associated with the onset of aparticular symptom, each symptom disappeared when accompanied by an emotional outburst. Breuer made use of this discovery to eliminate her symptoms one at atime. He called the treatment the cathartic technique (from the Greek katharsis meaning “purgation”). The treatment was time consuming and required considerable effort to reach dimly re...

• Peter the Great I INTRODUCTION Peter the Great or Peter I (1672-1725), tsar and, later, emperor of Russia (1682-1725), who is linked with the Westernization of Russia and its rise as a great power.

  V LATER REIGN Before long, however, these and other reform measures had to cede center stage to the prosecution of the Great Northern War (1700-1721) against Sweden. Peter’sjourney west did not result in a great alliance against the Ottomans, but it led to one against Sweden. Russia fought together with Denmark and the union of Polandand Saxony against Sweden to win the Baltic coastline, the 'window into Europe,' and to break Swedish dominance over the northern part of the continent. At the tim...

• Peter the Great.

  V LATER REIGN Before long, however, these and other reform measures had to cede center stage to the prosecution of the Great Northern War (1700-1721) against Sweden. Peter’sjourney west did not result in a great alliance against the Ottomans, but it led to one against Sweden. Russia fought together with Denmark and the union of Polandand Saxony against Sweden to win the Baltic coastline, the 'window into Europe,' and to break Swedish dominance over the northern part of the continent. At the tim...

• l'intégration de la livre sterling au Système monétaire européen

• Fruit - biology.

  from a flower with several pistils. The ovary may have a single compartment, or carpel, which houses the ovule or ovules. Or the ovary may consist of two or morecarpels, each of which may contain one or more ovules. A drupe develops from an ovary with a single carpel and is characterized by an edible exocarp and mesocarp and an inedible, hard endocarp, or pit that encloses asingle seed. Cherries, peaches, apricots, and plums are examples of drupes. Almonds also are classified as drupes, but in a...

• Kardiner, psychanalyste des sociétés

  La personnalité de base est donc propre à chaque culture. S’il y a une pluralité des sociétés, il y a une pluralité des cultures, et donc une pluralité despersonnalités de base. Pour l’histoire, la principale critique que Kardiner fait à Freud, c'est de ne pas avoir vu cette pluralité des cultures. Ainsi il affirmeque rien ne dit qu'il y a effectivement un complexe d'œdipe dans toutes les sociétés. 2 Différentes cultures étudiées par Kardiner Dans ce texte l'auteur met en avant les différentes p...

• Hong Kong - geography.

  higher than China’s average standard of living. In 2006 Hong Kong’s per capita gross domestic product (GDP) was $27,679.20, although much of the wealth isconcentrated into relatively few hands. IV ECONOMY Hong Kong’s position as one of the world’s most important economic centers is based on several factors. It is located midway between Japan and Singapore, and it liesastride the main shipping and air routes of the western Pacific. It also has long served as a major port of entry and trade for...

• India - country.

  delta in the north, are intensely farmed. B Rivers and Lakes The rivers of India can be divided into three groups: the great Himalayan rivers of the north, the westward-flowing rivers of central India, and the eastward-flowingrivers of the Deccan Plateau and the rest of peninsular India. Only small portions of India’s rivers are navigable because of silting and the wide seasonal variation inwater flow (due to the monsoon climate). Water transport is thus of little importance in India. Barrages,...

• Virus (life science) - biology.

  RNA into DNA earned them their name because this process is the reverse of the usual transfer of genetic information, from DNA to RNA.) The DNA form of theretrovirus genome is then integrated into the cellular DNA and is referred to as the provirus. The viral genome is replicated every time the host cell replicates its DNA and is thus passed on to daughter cells. Hepatitis B virus can also transcribe RNA to DNA, but this virus packages the DNA version of its genome into virus particles. Unlike...

• SYSTÈMES ET ÉCOLES PHILOSOPHIQUES

  141 - LES SYSTÈMES PHILOSOPHIQUES ANTISTHÈNE (444-365 av. J.-C.) B.N . Phot. Jeanbo r. John LOCKE (1632-1704) Phot. Viollet. Soren KIERKEGAARD (1813-1855) Phot. C répy . Jean -Pau/ SARTRE (né en 1905) Phot. V iollet. Noms dea systèmes ou dea écoles Communautarisme Communisme Conceptualisme Criticisme Cynisme Déterminisme Dogmatisme Dualisme Dynamisme Éclectisme Emp irisme Eudém onisme Évoluti onnisme (philosophique} Existentialisme (ou phil...

• Cognitive Psychology.

  full richness of people’s cognitive experiences. Describing the act of remembering as a process of storage and retrieval, for example, neglects the subjective experienceof remembering. Another criticism is that information-processing theory may not reflect how the brain actually works. Newer models, such as the parallel distributedprocessing model, try to address this criticism by drawing on studies of brain structure and function. Psychologists continue to debate the adequacy of the information...

• Ohio - geography.

  conflict with modified Gulf air and causing frontal or cyclonic storms. Gulf air is dominant in summer. In fall, polar air passing over Lake Erie is modified, delaying thekilling frost along the adjacent shoreline. C1 Temperatures The mean annual temperatures for the state range from 9° C (48° F) in the northeast to 13° C (55° F) in the south. Average January temperatures range from -4° C(24° F) in the west to 2° C (35° F) in the south. July averages are 24° C (76° F) in the south and 23° C (73...

• Ohio - USA History.

  conflict with modified Gulf air and causing frontal or cyclonic storms. Gulf air is dominant in summer. In fall, polar air passing over Lake Erie is modified, delaying thekilling frost along the adjacent shoreline. C1 Temperatures The mean annual temperatures for the state range from 9° C (48° F) in the northeast to 13° C (55° F) in the south. Average January temperatures range from -4° C(24° F) in the west to 2° C (35° F) in the south. July averages are 24° C (76° F) in the south and 23° C (73...

• Linguistique Structuraliste

  Une des distinctions que Saussure fait en langue est la ' langue ' et la ' parole ' . La distinction entre lang ue et parole est en réalité l'association du soc ial avec l'individu. Langue est le nom donn é à un système linguistique. Quand on dit le turc, le fran çais et l'anglais , ils sont utilisés dans ce sens. Le mot est l'usage concret de la langue, c'est- à-dire l'application de la langue à un moment donné par un locuteur particulier. Ces mots innombrables s’adaptent à un...

• missile.

  L'autoguidage permet au missile de se diriger lui-même vers sa cible, en utilisant un signal (chaleur, son, ondes radio...), la « signature », émis par cet objectif. L'autoguidage est employé pour l'interception d'avions ou de missiles (guidage sur la chaleur dégagée par les réacteurs), l'attaque d'engins blindés ou de navires (guidage sur le bruit des moteurs), ou pour la destruction d'installations de radars ou de stations de communication (guidage sur les ondes émises). L'autoguidage est...

• Mexico City - geography.

  The park houses some of Mexico's most important public buildings, including Chapultepec Castle. Construction of the castle began in 1783. Positioned on the park’shighest elevation, the castle functioned as a fortress during colonial times. It once served as the presidential residence and now houses the National Museum of History,which includes murals by 20th-century Mexican painter Juan O'Gorman. Los Pinos, the official residence and working offices of the president, is also on the grounds, buti...

• South Africa - country.

  The major soil zones are conditioned largely by climatic factors. In the semiarid north and west, soils are alkaline and poorly developed. In the southern part of WesternCape Province, rain falls mostly in the winter months, and soils there form slowly and are generally thin and immature. The moderate temperatures and summer rainfallof the High Veld and eastern coastal areas create conditions for more productive organic decomposition, leading to dark, fertile soils, or chernozems, similar to tho...

• Segregation in the United States - U.

  acts of discrimination. Writing for the court, Justice Joseph Bradley declared: “When a man has emerged from slavery, and by the aid of beneficent legislation ... theremust be some stage in the progress of his elevation when he takes the rank of a mere citizen, and ceases to be the special favorite of the laws, and when his rights as acitizen, or a man, are to be protected in the ordinary modes by which other men’s rights are protected.” Rather than being the “special favorites” of the law, blac...

• Pennsylvania - geography.

  B Rivers and Lakes There are three major river basins in Pennsylvania: the Susquehanna, the Ohio, and the Delaware. Together they drain more than 90 percent of Pennsylvania’s landarea. Most of eastern and central Pennsylvania is drained by the Susquehanna and Delaware systems. The western part of the state is drained by the Allegheny andMonongahela rivers, which join at Pittsburgh to form the Ohio. In addition to the three major river basins, short streams flowing into Lake Erie drain the north...

• Pennsylvania - USA History.

  B Rivers and Lakes There are three major river basins in Pennsylvania: the Susquehanna, the Ohio, and the Delaware. Together they drain more than 90 percent of Pennsylvania’s landarea. Most of eastern and central Pennsylvania is drained by the Susquehanna and Delaware systems. The western part of the state is drained by the Allegheny andMonongahela rivers, which join at Pittsburgh to form the Ohio. In addition to the three major river basins, short streams flowing into Lake Erie drain the north...

• Alaska - geography.

  depression surrounded by highlands and have the coldest winter and hottest summer temperatures in Alaska. Once the Kuskokwim River passes through theKuskokwim Mountains, it forms the southern edge of a vast lake-studded alluvial plain bounded on the north by the Yukon River. This water-logged lowland is a majorsummer nesting area for birds. Fairbanks is the major city in this region, while Fort Yukon is the major community in the Yukon Flats and Bethel the largest settlementon the Lower Kuskokwi...

• Alaska - USA History.

  depression surrounded by highlands and have the coldest winter and hottest summer temperatures in Alaska. Once the Kuskokwim River passes through theKuskokwim Mountains, it forms the southern edge of a vast lake-studded alluvial plain bounded on the north by the Yukon River. This water-logged lowland is a majorsummer nesting area for birds. Fairbanks is the major city in this region, while Fort Yukon is the major community in the Yukon Flats and Bethel the largest settlementon the Lower Kuskokwi...

• American Revolution.

  C1 The South Southern agriculture was founded on the cultivation of tobacco, wheat, and corn in Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina, and of rice and indigo (a blue dye) in SouthCarolina and Georgia. There was a large demand for these crops in Europe. These crops were cultivated with the help of black slaves imported from Africa. The whiteplanter class in the South was the most powerful, both politically and economically. C2 The North Wheat was the main cash crop of the mid-Atlantic colonies...

• American Revolution - U.

  C1 The South Southern agriculture was founded on the cultivation of tobacco, wheat, and corn in Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina, and of rice and indigo (a blue dye) in SouthCarolina and Georgia. There was a large demand for these crops in Europe. These crops were cultivated with the help of black slaves imported from Africa. The whiteplanter class in the South was the most powerful, both politically and economically. C2 The North Wheat was the main cash crop of the mid-Atlantic colonies...

• Philadelphia (city, Pennsylvania) - geography.

  national trend of migration from eastern cities to the warmer climate of the Sun Belt. Whereas in 1950 Philadelphia contained more than 2 million people and ranked as the third largest city in America, the city's population plunged to 1,517,550 by 2000.In 2006, the city's population was estimated at 1,448,394. While the city proper was decreasing in population, the metropolitan area centered on Philadelphia grew. In 2006 the region had 6.2 million inhabitants. Philadelphiaranked as the nation’s...

• Article de presse: L'économie soviétique à la recherche de l'efficacité

  Ce plan prévoit la quantité et la qualité des marchandises à produire. Il fixe les tarifs et aussi le montant du bénéfice quel'entreprise doit dégager au bout de l'année. Or, remarquait Liberman, ces critères du succès sont dans la pratique souvent encontradiction les uns avec les autres ils ne sont pas nécessairement la preuve d'un progrès économique. Il faut donc privilégier unde ces indices. Dans le système traditionnel, c'est le volume de production d'une entreprise qui constitue l'indice p...

• Metabolism (chemistry) - biology.

  nearly perfect balance. Although much remains to be revealed about metabolic processes, biochemists now agree that regulatory, or rate-limiting, enzymes figure largely in the reactionsinvolved ( see Enzyme). Affecting metabolic pathways at the earliest steps, each enzyme molecule has a specific, or active, site that matches, or “fits,” its particular substrate—the compound with which the enzyme forms a product. The precision with which rate-limiting enzymes and substrates join to set off a parti...

• Kazakhstan - country.

  mismanagement. Between 1949 and 1991 the Soviet government conducted about 70 percent of all of its nuclear testing in Kazakhstan, mostly in the northeastern area near the city ofSemipalatinsk (now Semey). Nearly 500 nuclear explosions occurred both above and below ground near Semipalatinsk, while more than 40 nuclear detonationsoccurred at other testing grounds in western Kazakhstan and in the Qyzylqum desert. More than 1 million of Kazakhstan’s inhabitants were exposed to dangerous levelsof ra...

• Les systèmes capillaire et pileux

  disparaissent et avec eux la couleur : on commence Il avoir des poils ou des cheveux blancs . Kératinocytes et mélanocytes sont alimentés par le centre du bulbe, qui est creux ; il contient une extension du derme riche en nerfs et en capillaires sanguins , la papille dermique . Enfin l'axe du poil contient une moelle riche en graisse (cette moelle est absente dans les duvets, qui sont plus fins) . Au follicule pileux est associé un muscle érecteu...

• Les systèmes capillaire et pileux

  disparaissent et avec eux la couleur : on commence Il avoir des poils ou des cheveux blancs . Kératinocytes et mélanocytes sont alimentés par le centre du bulbe, qui est creux ; il contient une extension du derme riche en nerfs et en capillaires sanguins , la papille dermique . Enfin l'axe du poil contient une moelle riche en graisse (cette moelle est absente dans les duvets, qui sont plus fins) . Au follicule pileux est associé un muscle érecteu...

• Les systèmes de projection (TPE)

  Projection de Lambert Projection de Mercator :1 ,....__, "'' ·!' ... · ~·~~~~; __ ,_·· ... ;. ·. .. . A k .. ~ •liiiii11 Ïi11 dlll 1 Projection azimutale projection directe de Mercator rend totalement impropre cette projection à l'analyse dans les régions polaire s. Pour être plus complet, dans la project ion de Mercator , le Groënland ( 2 ,2 m illion s de km') est repré senté avec une superficie en projection identique à celle de l'Amérique du...

• 21 août 1941 : Mise en vigueur du système des otages.

• Les Systèmes respiratoires

  1 Les Systèmes respiratoires Il est pourvu d' un réseau de minuscu l es vais­ seaux sanguins (capillaires) situés juste au-des ­ sous de l'épide rme , lesquels ne sont séparés du milieu ambiant que par une simp le couche de cellules (cuticule). Après avoir pénétré dans la peau du ver , l'oxygène est véhicu lé par le sang dans toutes ses cellu les; parallè lement, le gaz car­ bonique des cellules passe dans le sys tème circu­ latoire qui...

• Tuberculosis.

  TB has existed for thousands of years. Scars on a skull found in Turkey indicate the presence of the disease 500,000 years ago. Scientists also have found tubercles inmummified bodies from ancient Egypt. References to TB can be found in the writings of ancient Babylonia, Egypt, and China. The term tuberculosis was first used in 1839; it was derived from the Latin word tubercula, meaning small lump, referring to the small scars seen in tissues of infected individuals. TB reappeared in Europe...

• Bill Clinton.

  When Arkansas governor David Pryor ran for the U.S. Senate in 1978, Clinton ran for governor. He promised to improve the state’s schools and highways and toimprove economic conditions so that more jobs would be created. At that time, the average income of people in Arkansas ranked 49th among the 50 states. Clinton woneasily, receiving 60 percent of the vote against four opponents in the Democratic primary election and 63 percent against the Republican candidate, Lynn Lowe, in thegeneral election...

• Bill Clinton - USA History.

  When Arkansas governor David Pryor ran for the U.S. Senate in 1978, Clinton ran for governor. He promised to improve the state’s schools and highways and toimprove economic conditions so that more jobs would be created. At that time, the average income of people in Arkansas ranked 49th among the 50 states. Clinton woneasily, receiving 60 percent of the vote against four opponents in the Democratic primary election and 63 percent against the Republican candidate, Lynn Lowe, in thegeneral election...

• Le système d'Aristote

  cause matérielle, c'est ce en quoi une chose est faite : par exemple le marbre est la cause matérielle de la statue,le bois la cause matérielle du platane. On peut observer que la cause matérielle est le principe des accidents parlesquels chaque individu diffère des autres du même type. Un platane diffère d'un autre par sa matière, c'est-à-direpar les accidents du bois, une statue d'Hermès reste dissemblable d'une autre par sa matière. C'est par leur matièreque Callias et Socrate se distinguent...

• Race - biology.

  distributed as a cline, generally varying along a north-south line. Skin color is lightest in northern Europeans, especially in those who live around the Baltic Sea, andbecomes gradually darker as one moves toward southern Europe, the Mediterranean, the Middle East, and into northern Africa and northern subtropical Africa. Skin isdarkest in people who live in the tropical regions of Africa. The lack of clear-cut discontinuities makes any racial boundary based on skin color totally arbitrary. Sim...

• Radio.

  signal, such as a musical note. This form of modulation, AM, is used in many radiotelephony services including standard radiobroadcasts. AM is also employed for carriercurrent telephony, in which the modulated carrier is transmitted by wire, and in the transmission of still pictures by wire or radio. See Broadcasting, Radio and Television. In FM the frequency of the carrier wave is varied within a fixed range at a rate corresponding to the frequency of a sound signal. This form of modulation, p...

• Athens (Greece) - geography.

  expected to further develop the city’s tourism industry. Athens serves as the hub of Greece’s national transportation network. The Greek railway system is centered in Athens, and ferries sail to the rest of the country from theport at Piraeus. The urban area itself in Athens is served by taxis and public buses that must contend with heavily congested traffic. The major part of the city’s metrosubway, Attiko Metro (Athens Metro), was completed in 2000 and serves the heart of Athens; extensions to...

• Army. I INTRODUCTION Army, military land forces of a nation, assembled, drilled, disciplined,

  disappearance for several centuries of large standing armies in Europe. A Middle Ages Feudalism was based on a concept of local defense, each baron or landowner governing land that had been given him by the king, and each lord having his ownpersonal protective forces recruited from among men who worked for him. In return, each lord and his men were pledged to annual service to the monarch and couldbe called on in special instances, as in the defense of Christendom during the Crusades. National...

• Christianity.

  history of architecture. See Basilica; Church; Early Christian Art and Architecture;Prayer. C Christian Life The instruction and exhortation of Christian preaching and teaching concern all the themes of doctrine and morals: the love of God and the love of neighbor, the twochief commandments in the ethical message of Jesus (see Matthew 22: 34-40). Application of these commandments to the concrete situations of human life, bothpersonal and social, does not produce a uniformity of moral or polit...