2776 résultats pour "but"

• Encyclopedia of Philosophy: AL-R-Z/ AND AL-F-R-B/

  cultural particularities. Political philosophy includes consideration of the relations between philosophy and religion,which for al-F&r&b( meant the defence of philosophy. A number of his works fit into this class. The Enumeration ofthe Sciences surveys the encyclopaedia of scientific knowledge which the Arabs have built up through theirphilology, their translations from the Greek and their own creative work: grammar and linguistics, logic, mathematics(in the broad sense of the quadrivium...

• Le bonheur n'est-il qu'une illusion ?

  et de quoi se compose-t-il ? Il apparaît effectivement que le bonheur n'est qu'une illusion : il représente un idéal, un modèle qui répondrait à la satisfaction de tous les désirs dans le temps, une sorte « d'utopie » (au sens large) du genre humain. Néanmoins, notons que dans sa poursuite effrénée du bonheur, ce que Aristote appelle la recherche du « Souverain Bien », but ultime de l'existence, l'homme peut atteindre un stade de « bien être », un bonheur momentané ; autrement dit, m...

• Désirer, est-ce errer ?

  Errer ne signifie pas rechercher un but (conscient ou inconscient) et s'égarer en chemin: perdre la Nord ou perdre le cap. Errer, c'est suivre des chemins qui ne mènentnulle part, voyager sans destination ni programme, bifurquer, vagabonder sans but. L'errance n'a plus alors de signification péjorative. En effet, l'errance du désir estsans doute la marque même de la liberté humaine. L'errance renvoie aux vocabulaires de l'indétermination, de la contingence, de l'ouverture, du champ des possibles...

• La poésie a-t-elle comme unique but l'expression des sentiments personnels, ou a-t-elle d'autres fonctions ?

  sentiments de joie et d'extase, « Moi qui passais par là, je crus voir une fée ». Les promesses d'un visage deBaudelaire décrit aussi sa passion face à sa muse, dont les yeux l'invitent à partager leur amour : « Tes yeux,languissamment, me disent: «Si tu veux […] ». Cependant, dans la plupart des poèmes d'amour, les poètesexpriment un sentiment de désespoir puisque leur amour n'est pas réciproque. Un exemple est Mon rêve familier deVerlaine, où le poète rentre dans un rêve dans l...

• Ferdinand Magellan I INTRODUCTION Ferdinand Magellan (1480?

  reduced fleet and brought it to its goal, the Moluccas, where he took on a cargo of cloves. One ship tried to return across the Pacific but was forced back by the windsand then captured by the Portuguese, who interned its crew. Cano made the long westward return voyage with one last ship, the Victoria . After a difficult voyage, with a remaining crew of 18, the Victoria reached Sanlúcar de Barrameda on September 6, 1522, almost three years to the day after setting forth. The cargo of cloves s...

• Ferdinand Magellan.

  reduced fleet and brought it to its goal, the Moluccas, where he took on a cargo of cloves. One ship tried to return across the Pacific but was forced back by the windsand then captured by the Portuguese, who interned its crew. Cano made the long westward return voyage with one last ship, the Victoria . After a difficult voyage, with a remaining crew of 18, the Victoria reached Sanlúcar de Barrameda on September 6, 1522, almost three years to the day after setting forth. The cargo of cloves s...

• Ferdinand Magellan - explorer.

  reduced fleet and brought it to its goal, the Moluccas, where he took on a cargo of cloves. One ship tried to return across the Pacific but was forced back by the windsand then captured by the Portuguese, who interned its crew. Cano made the long westward return voyage with one last ship, the Victoria . After a difficult voyage, with a remaining crew of 18, the Victoria reached Sanlúcar de Barrameda on September 6, 1522, almost three years to the day after setting forth. The cargo of cloves s...

• Qu'est-ce que le Bonheur ?

  Selon Schopenhauer, « il n’y a qu’une erreur innée : celle qui consiste à croire que nous existons pour être heureux », et pourtant la doctrine eudémoniste est plus que répandue parmi les grands philosophes. Ainsi Aristote, Epicure, Spinoza, Diderot… posaient comme principe que le bonheur est le but de la vie humaine. Le bonheur, nous y aspirons tous sans vraiment savoir ce qu’il est. Comment objectiver ce qui nous est de plus intime pour l’analyser et le comprendre comme un simple phénomène, c...

• Babylonia - history.

  Below the house was often located a mausoleum in which the family dead were buried. The Babylonians believed that the souls of the dead traveled to the nether world,and that, at least to some extent, life continued there as on earth. For this reason, pots, tools, weapons, and jewels were buried with the dead. B Technology The Babylonians inherited the technical achievements of the Sumerians in irrigation and agriculture. Maintaining the system of canals, dikes, weirs, and reservoirsconstructed...

• Dictionnaire en ligne: EMPLOYER, verbe transitif.

  voudrez, il place vingt mille francs par an chez son notaire » (HONORÉ DE BALZAC, Pierre Grassou, 1840, page 459 ). L'an dernier, le mémoire de la couturière était de dix-huit mille. Il a fallu employer le confesseur pour réduire la femme (HYPPOLYTE-ADOLPHE TAINE, Notes sur Paris, 1867, page 25 ). Nous démontrons que le Kuomintang peut être employé en l'employant Non en discutant Nous n'avons cessé de l'employer depuis deux ans (ANDRÉ MALRAUX, La Condition humaine, 1933, page 285) : Ø 2.... l'Al...

• Est-ce que toutes les oeuvres doivent avoir comme but principal d'être « un encrier contre un canon » ?

• Acropolis - geography.

  The Erechtheum is one of the most elaborate buildings on the Acropolis. Its plan is irregular, probably because of the sloping site and the need to preserve earlier placesof worship on the site or nearby. Porches project from three sides of the Erechtheum, but they are at different heights and are not centered on each side. GracefulIonic columns support the porches on the eastern and northern sides. Elegant caryatids (columns carved in the shape of draped female figures) support the Porch of t...

• Acropolis - USA History.

  The Erechtheum is one of the most elaborate buildings on the Acropolis. Its plan is irregular, probably because of the sloping site and the need to preserve earlier placesof worship on the site or nearby. Porches project from three sides of the Erechtheum, but they are at different heights and are not centered on each side. GracefulIonic columns support the porches on the eastern and northern sides. Elegant caryatids (columns carved in the shape of draped female figures) support the Porch of t...

• Édouard Manet I INTRODUCTION Manet: Tradition and Innovation French impressionist painter Édouard Manet shocked art audiences in Paris with Le déjeuner sur l'herbe (The Luncheon on the Grass; 1863, Musée d'Orsay, Paris), which depicts a nude woman at a woodland picnic.

  Le Déjeuner sur l’herbeLe Déjeuner sur l’herbe (Luncheon on the Grass) by Édouard Manet was painted in 1863. When it was first displayed, therough brushwork and undefined areas of color were as distressing to the public as the nude woman who was neither aclassical goddess nor a symbol in an allegory. Manet claimed that the real subject of the painting was light, and it was thatphilosophy that gave birth to impressionism.Bridgeman Art Library, London/New York After his father died in 1862, Manet...

• Byzantine Empire .

  Emperor Alexius I, founder of the Comnenian dynasty, nevertheless appealed to the pope for aid against the Turks. Western Europe responded with the First Crusade(1096-99). Although Byzantium initially benefited from the Crusades, recovering some land in Asia Minor, in the long run they hastened the empire's decline. Italian merchant citieswon special trading privileges in Byzantine territory and gained control of much of the empire's commerce and wealth. The Byzantines experienced a superficialp...

• Mfecane.

  The Kololo, a Sotho people, entered the same region in the early 1820s after being driven from their homeland south of the Vaal River by the Ngwane-Hlubi wars. In1823 the Kololo clashed with the Griqua and turned north into the Kalahari Desert. They eventually crossed the Zambezi and finally settled in what is now westernZambia after overthrowing the powerful Lozi Kingdom in 1840. D Founding of the Sotho Nation The Ngwane-Hlubi wars also drove loosely organized Sotho communities north into the...

• Judicial Branch.

  courts or from state courts, and a handful come from other parts of the Court’s jurisdiction ( see Supreme Court of the United States: Selecting Cases). The Court typically issues written decisions in fewer than a hundred cases a year. All cases are heard and decided by the entire Court, except in rare cases when a justice choosesnot to participate because of a conflict of interest or other potential prejudicial interest in a case. As with all other federal judges, members of the Supreme Court a...

• Albert Einstein I INTRODUCTION Albert Einstein (1879-1955), German-born American physicist and Nobel laureate, best known as the creator of the special and general theories of relativity and for his bold hypothesis concerning the particle nature of light.

  On the basis of the general theory of relativity, Einstein accounted for the previously unexplained variations in the orbital motion of the planets and predicted thebending of starlight in the vicinity of a massive body such as the sun. The confirmation of this latter phenomenon during an eclipse of the sun in 1919 became a mediaevent, and Einstein’s fame spread worldwide. For the rest of his life Einstein devoted considerable time to generalizing his theory even more. His last effort, the unifi...

• Albert Einstein.

  On the basis of the general theory of relativity, Einstein accounted for the previously unexplained variations in the orbital motion of the planets and predicted thebending of starlight in the vicinity of a massive body such as the sun. The confirmation of this latter phenomenon during an eclipse of the sun in 1919 became a mediaevent, and Einstein’s fame spread worldwide. For the rest of his life Einstein devoted considerable time to generalizing his theory even more. His last effort, the unifi...

• Y a-t-il un tribunal de l'histoire ?

  dialectique se produit l'esprit universel, l'esprit du monde en tant qu'illimité, et en même temps c'est lui qui exercesur eux son droit (et c'est le droit suprême), dans l'histoire du monde comme tribunal du monde".HEGEL, Principes de la Philosophie du Droit, 340. I - LES TERMES DU SUJET L'histoire désigne ici le devenir des sociétés et non l'histoire de tel ou tel individu. Il s'agit de savoir si le devenir estorienté dans le sens d'une plus grande justice. On pourrait alors dire que l...

• Jakarta - geography.

  voluntary movement of families to Indonesia's less populated islands). Jakarta is a magnet for migrants from other areas of Indonesia; during the late 1980s an estimated 250 migrants arrived daily. Most were between the ages of 15 and39 years, many with six years of education or less. There is also a significant number of commuters and seasonal migrants who work in government, manufacturing,and services. In addition, many of these temporary residents are engaged in informal employment as drivers...

• Unemployment.

  set up to monitor the economy and provide advice to the president and Congress. Between 1945 and 1990 nine cyclical swings in unemployment occurred; all weresmaller than the 1930s depression. During this period the unemployment rate was as low as 2.9 percent (1953) and as high as 9.7 percent (1982). Because of cutbacksin the unemployment insurance program and changes in the nature of employment during the 1980s, however, only 37 percent of jobless workers received benefits in1990. Fears that the...

• John Tyler.

  A “His Accidency” Tyler was summoned to Washington, D.C., as acting president. The Constitution seemed unclear as to whether Tyler should now merely assume the duties of thepresident until new elections were held, or whether he should in fact assume the office of president. Tyler chose the latter view and on April 6 had himself sworn in aspresident. This procedure, later taken for granted, exposed Tyler to much censure and abuse. Throughout his term, Whigs and Democrats alike denounced his acti...

• John Tyler

  A “His Accidency” Tyler was summoned to Washington, D.C., as acting president. The Constitution seemed unclear as to whether Tyler should now merely assume the duties of thepresident until new elections were held, or whether he should in fact assume the office of president. Tyler chose the latter view and on April 6 had himself sworn in aspresident. This procedure, later taken for granted, exposed Tyler to much censure and abuse. Throughout his term, Whigs and Democrats alike denounced his acti...

• Frank Lloyd Wright I INTRODUCTION Robie House The Frederick C.

  Hills/DeCaro HouseAmerican architect Frank Lloyd Wright, a pioneer of modern architecture, lived and worked in the Chicago area during thelate 19th and early 20th centuries. He designed many single-family houses, known as prairie houses. The Hills/DeCarohouse in Oak Park, west of Chicago, is one of more than 20 houses Wright designed while living in the town between 1890and 1910.© 2007 Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York / Photo: Mary Ann Hemphill/Photo Researc...

• Law. I INTRODUCTION Law, body of official rules and regulations, generally found in

  their rules are reviewable by the courts. U.S. constitutional law is the most extensive and pervasive of any country in the world. It is embodied in the Constitution and in the opinions of the U.S. Supreme Courtrendered over time. Through its power of judicial review, the Supreme Court may invalidate any legislation or other governmental actions that it finds to be in violationof the Constitution. Constitutional courts in some civil-law countries have similar powers. In the United Kingdom no equ...

• ÉTHIQUE DE NICOMAQUE - Livre II, chapitre I

  2 l’art hippique lui-même et toute action se rapportant à la guerre tombent à leur tour sous l’art stratégique, c’est de la même façon que d’autres arts sont subordonnés à d’autres), dans tous ces cas, disons-nous, les fins des arts architectoniques doivent être préférées à toutes celles des arts subordonnés, puisque c’est en vue des premières fins qu’on pour- suit les autres. Peu importe, au surplus que les activités elles-mêmes soient les fins des actions, ou...

• Hazardous Wastes.

  A Source Reduction The best way to eliminate hazardous wastes is not to generate them in the first place. For example, improvements have been made in the production of integratedcircuits: The toxic chlorinated hydrocarbons commonly used in the 1970s were replaced in the 1980s by less toxic glycol ethers and in the 1990s by low-toxicity estersand alcohols. B Recycling Recycling is the recovery or reuse of usable materials from waste. About 5 percent of hazardous waste in the United States is re...

• Obesity.

  of a day, contributing to the development of obesity. V TREATMENTS FOR OBESITY Obesity can become a chronic lifelong condition caused by overeating, physical inactivity, and even genetic makeup. No matter what the cause, however, obesity can beprevented or managed with a combination of diet, exercise, behavior modification, and in severe cases, weight-loss medications and surgery. A Diets The most common and conservative treatment for obesity utilizes a nutritionally balanced, low calorie diet...

• Folktales I INTRODUCTION "Little Red Riding Hood" The popular children's story "Little Red Riding

  seemed important to them. Thus, the Grimms postulated a common Indo-European origin for folktales, and the German philologist Theodor Benfey as well as theScottish writer William Clouston believed that stories diffused by way of travelers migrating east and west from India. Such theories, however, have proven incompleteand inadequate. Nevertheless, the research of these and other scholars greatly stimulated interest in folklore and folktales. The German scholar Max Muller held thatmyths originat...

• Confucianism.

  IV NEO-CONFUCIANISM After centuries of intellectual and cultural dominance by Buddhism, China began to experience a revival of Confucian thought during the Tang dynasty ( AD 618-907). It was led by poet and essayist Han Yu (Han Yü). Han Yu attacked Buddhism and Daoism, which he believed had kept government officials from seeing how they couldhelp the people. To further public welfare, he urged them to study the way of the ancient sages through the Five Classics . Han Yu almost lost his life f...

• Uranus (planet) - astronomy.

  V COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE A Interior of Uranus Uranus contains mostly rock and water, with hydrogen and helium (and trace amounts of methane) in its dense atmosphere. Astronomers believe that Uranus, likeNeptune, formed from the same material—principally frozen water and rock—that composes most of the planet’s moons. As the planet grew, pressures andtemperatures in the planet’s interior increased, heating the planet’s frozen water into a hot liquid. Uranus probably has a relatively small roc...

• Milwaukee - geography.

  acts ranging from alternative rock to country music. During the rest of the summer months, the park is the site of weekend festivals staged by Milwaukee’s majorethnic groups: Italian, Irish, German, African American, Polish, Mexican, Native American, and Asian. The Great Circus Parade, featuring the world’s largest collection ofornate circus wagons, is another staple of Milwaukee’s festival season. The Wisconsin State Fair is held annually in nearby West Allis. V RECREATION The largest single u...

• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart I INTRODUCTION Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, an 18th-century Austrian classical composer and one of the most famous musicians of all time, came from a family of musicians that included his father and sister.

  The opera, Mitridati, rè di Ponto (Mithridates, King of Pontus), was produced in 1770 in Milan under Mozart’s direction with success. Also that year the pope made Mozart a knight of the Order of the Golden Spur. A Salzburg and Germany From 1775 to 1780 Mozart was based mainly in Salzburg working for the archbishop Hieronymous von Colloredo. Although dissatisfied with the low pay and limitedopportunities his employment offered, Mozart composed many works during this period, including his first...

• Arabic Literature I INTRODUCTION Arabic Literature, literature written in the Arabic language, from the 6th century to the present.

  The life of the Prophet Muhammad also generated its own literary sources, primary among which is the hadith. The hadiths were a collection of the Prophet's sayings and actions, transmitted through a chain of authorities said to go back to Muhammad himself. The two most famous collections of hadiths are those of al-Bukhari andMuslim in the 9th century. These works provide a wealth of information covering all aspects of a Muslim's life, from prayer to personal, social, and business conduct. The...

• Ice Skating.

  cold climate. Competitors for these events are chosen from the best skaters in each participating country, usually through preliminary national competitions. Speedskaters also compete on a World Cup circuit, which pits the world’s best skaters against one another during the year. A Figure Skating The major types of competitive figure skating are individual men’s and women’s competitions, pairs skating, ice dancing, and precision skating. In individualcompetitions a single skater performs requir...

• Soil. I INTRODUCTION Soil, the loose material that covers the land surfaces of

  an exchange between plants and the atmosphere, as oxygen diffuses into the soil and is used by roots for respiration. In turn, the resulting carbon dioxide diffusesthrough pore spaces and returns to the atmosphere. This exchange is most efficient in soils with a high degree of porosity. For farmers, gardeners, landscapers, andothers with a professional interest in soil health, the process of aeration—making holes in the soil surface to permit the exchange of air—is a crucial activity. Theburrowi...

• Western Music I INTRODUCTION Bizet's Carmen Georges Bizet's Carmen, first performed in Paris in 1875, was a milestone in the history of French opera.

  church ceremonies during the period from the 5th to the 7th century. Roman chant became known as Gregorian chant after Pope Gregory I, the Great, who may havecomposed some of the melodies and who actively encouraged an orderly, ritualized use of music by the church. Because Gregory and later popes preferred Gregorianchant to the varieties that had developed elsewhere in Europe, Gregorian chant eventually superseded most of the others. Gregorian and other chant styles arepreserved in many manuscr...

• Modulation des sanctions fiscales par le juge : Les solutions françaises sont-elles conformes au droit européen ?

  même à l'instar de ce que fait par exemple le juge pénal lorsqu'il prononce une peine prévue par le code pénal, qui constitue alors la peine maximale encourue. B) Une évolution de la jurisprudence de la cour de cassation pour se rapprocher de celle du conseil d'état Dans l'arrêt Ferreira du 29 avril 1997 la chambre commerciale de la cour de cassation reconnaît aux juges le pouvoir de moduler le taux des pénalités. Ainsi, lesstipulations de l'article 6 de la Convention EDH impliquent que le juge...

• LA TECHNIQUE A-T-ELLE POUR BUT D'AMÉLIORER LA NATURE OU DE LA DÉTRUIRE ?

  Introduction Depuis toujours sans doute, les rapports de l'homme avec la nature furent ambigus. Fascination et respect d'unepart, désir de domination d'autre part. La technique est peut-être un des lieux où cette ambiguïté se lit le mieux. Ceque l'homme cherche à travers elle est confus. Apparemment, son ambition semble se limiter à une amélioration de lanature. Les techniques viseraient à perfectionner ce qu'elle nous offre. Il s'agirait d'une exploitation respectueuse,ne visant qu'à produire...

• Citations avec immobile, adjectif.

  Filmée en plan-séquence par une caméra immobile , depuis le sol, la scène du viol laisse des marques indélébiles. Le Devoir.com Les voyageurs qui restent immobiles pendant plus de quatre heures en train, en voiture ou en autobus sont également concernés. Le Monde.fr Si un joueur en position d’attaquant demeure immobile dans le but au moment où le ballon franchit la ligne de but, le but doit être accordé. Le Temps.ch Une plage déserte, sans fin, du sable couleur grège, une bande de...

• Doit-on satisfaire tous nos désirs ?

  La sublimation désigne ce processus psychologique inconscient par lequel certaines pulsions sexuelles ouagressives sont détachées de leur objet et déplacées vers d'autres objets ayant une valeur sociale positive,comme les activités artistiques, intellectuelles ou altruiste. La sublimation est un cas particulier dudéplacement puisque le but des pulsions n'est plus la réalisation des pulsions mais la réalisation des symbolessociaux à valeur intellectuelle. C'est un mécanisme de déf...

• Quelle vanité que la peinture qui attire l'admiration, pour la ressemblance des choses dont on admire point les originaux (Pascal)

  L'art nous permet de voir le monde autrement grâce à la représentation, à la mise à distance de l'objet. 3. Le but de l'art n'est pas l'imitation Hegel affirme que le but de l'art ne saurait consister dans l'imitation de lanature. Pour lui, en prétendant que l'art consiste dans une fidèlereprésentation de ce qui existe déjà, "on met en somme le souvenir à la basede la production artistique" et on prive l'art " de sa liberté, de son pouvoird'exprimer le beau." Ainsi, "le naturel ne doit...

• Pour la vie quotidienne, dont les buts sont changeants et relatifs, des évidences et des vérités relatives suffisent.

• Dissertation sur les caractéristiques de l'auteur et celles du lecteur

  dérision. Aragon, dans Blanche ou l’Oubli, multiplie les hésitations du narrateur pour tenter de détruire l’illusion réaliste. L’auteur a pour but et c’est une de ses autres caractéristiques de travail qui est de plaire. C'est-à-dire réécrire pour travailler à sa propre gloire. Cela peut consister à tenter de mieux dire. Reprendre des éléments et les insérer dans une forme littéraire. Cela peut être des éléments de sa propre vie, en effet plutôt que de recourir à la fict...

• Chaadaev, Pëtr Iakovlevich

  transcendent God; his emanation is the 'world consciousness' , that is, supra-individual social consciousness, living in tradition and developing with it; below is the empirical consciousness of isolated individuals; on the lowest rung is pre-human nature. In this way Chaadaev combined the traditional theistic conception of a transcendent God with pantheistic emphasis on God's immanent presence in the world. This was in tune with Christian Neoplatonism (which reached Chaadaev through the es...

• Paul Éluard, Poèmes politiques: « La Poésie doit avoir pour but la vérité pratique » A mes amis exigeants.

• Proteus Greek A minor but ancient sea god who served Poseidon.

• l'oeuvre d'art : expression et représentation ?

  « L'opinion la plus courante qu'on se fait de la fin que se propose l'art, c'estqu'elle consiste à imiter la nature...Dans cette perspective, l'imitation, c'est-à-dire l'habileté à reproduire avecune parfaite fidélité les objets naturels, tels qu'ils s'offrent à nousconstituerait le but essentiel de l'art, et quand cette reproduction fidèleserait bien réussie, elle nous donnerait une complète satisfaction. Cettedéfinition n'assigne à l'art que le but tout formel de refaire à so...

• Peut-on aimer Georges Duroy ?

  fin du duel qui rend presque la scène comique tellement Duroy fut ridicule. Mais Bel-ami reste malgré tout fascinant par sa réussite. Malgré ses nombreux défauts Duroy possède quelques qualités, son ascension sociale en est une preuve . Rappelons que Georges Duroy est au départ un fils de paysans qui arrive à Paris quasiment sans un sous et qui à la fin se mari avec la fille de Walter qui au départ était destinée à un aristocrate, Duroy le dit d'ailleurs lui -même (part I...