35 résultats pour "médium"
- médium, n.
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Optics
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INTRODUCTION
Mirage
Mirages appear because differences in air temperature cause light rays from an object to take different paths to a viewer's
eye.
Refraction of Light by DiamondsThe brilliance of diamonds is due to their high refractive index, a measure of how strongly a transparent material bendslight rays. The skill of the gem-cutter lies in angling the facets of the stone so that each light ray entering it is reflectedmany times before it emerges again.Spencer Grant/Photo Researchers, Inc. The amount of light reflected depends on the ratio of the refractive indexes for the two media. The plane of incidence contains the incident ray and...
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La «savante », médium des villages
"Un baou est ve nu: j'ai vu H éryiya alors qu'elle volait l'outil" ». Un baou se mani festait donc particulièrement quand un crime était perpé tré, surtout lorsque la faute était aggravée par un parjure. « J'étais assis dans ma cha pelle lors de l'anniversaire de Thouéris [divinité protectrice des foyers]. et Tanehesy me vo la un gâteau . Cependant, dix jours après elle vint me dire : "Un baou est venu" ». Nous ne po...
- MÉDIUM
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Optik - Physik.
Wand) liegen im Schatten, bei denen die direkte Verbindungslinie zur Lichtquelle den (undurchsichtigen) Gegenstand durchdringt. Es folgt auch sofort, dass der Rand desSchattens unscharf ist, wenn die Lichtquelle ausgedehnt ist; nur punktförmige Lichtquellen erzeugen vollkommen scharfe Schatten. Dies liegt daran, dass von manchenPunkten des Schirmes aus, dem so genannten Halbschatten, die Verbindungsstrecke zu manchen Punkten der Lichtquelle durch den undurchsichtigen Gegenstand unterbrochen...
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Prison.
Furthermore, experts disagree about whether imprisoning criminals actually prevents further crime. Some critics charge that American prisons simply warehouseviolence—meaning that U.S. prison inmates are confined and incapacitated in large numbers, with little or no effort made to rehabilitate them. Critics have labeled theresult of this process turnstile justice, referring to the fact that most inmates are chronic and persistent offenders and return to prison following conviction for new crime...
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Advertising.
Advertising agencies make money in a variety of ways. When the agency uses the client’s advertising budget to buy time for an ad on the radio or on television or whenit buys space for an ad in a newspaper or magazine, the media outlet allows the agency to keep 15 percent of the cost of the space or the time as a commission. The15 percent commission has become an advertising industry standard and usually accounts for the largest portion of the agency’s income. Agencies also charge clientsfor the...
- MRBM (medium range ballistic missile).
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- Médium : expression synonyme de Liant, ou désignant certains liants aux caractéristiques particulières.
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Telecommunications.
commonly referred to as wireless communications, use technologies such as cordless telephones, cellular radio telephones, pagers, and satellites. Wirelesscommunications offer increased mobility and flexibility. In the future some experts believe that wireless devices will also offer high-speed Internet access. C Wires and Cables Wires and cables were the original medium for telecommunications and are still the primary means for telephone connections. Wireline transmission evolved fromtelegraph...
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Prints and Printmaking
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INTRODUCTION
Prints and Printmaking, pictorial images that can be inked onto paper, and the art of creating and reproducing them.
Bewick’s The SkylarkBritish engraver Thomas Bewick’s The Skylark is part of his History of British Birds (2 vols., 1797 and 1804). Bewick wasthe first artist to demonstrate the full potential of wood engraving and is renowned for his fine natural history illustrations.Each illustration shows some of the bird’s natural habitat.Folio Society, London/Bridgeman Art Library, London/New York Historically, the wood engraving was chiefly used for illustrations in magazines and books. It is similar to th...
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Langage et média
même nature que la diffusion de la parole vers une tr� large audience. R�uire l'intervention des media à \Ble affaire de quantit� c'est prendre le risque de masquer tout ce que l'intercession d'un medium peut avoir de s�cifique. -Techniques util� à titre de moyens par le langage des hommes, on peut aussi se demander si les media ne deviennent pas une fin en eux-memes : porteurs de signification, ils seraient à leur tour le langage des soci�� modernes-...
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Physics
I
INTRODUCTION
Physics, major science, dealing with the fundamental constituents of the universe, the forces they exert on one another, and the results produced by these forces.
Starting about 1665, at the age of 23, Newton enunciated the principles of mechanics, formulated the law of universal gravitation, separated white light into colors,proposed a theory for the propagation of light, and invented differential and integral calculus. Newton's contributions covered an enormous range of naturalphenomena: He was thus able to show that not only Kepler's laws of planetary motion but also Galileo's discoveries of falling bodies follow a combination of his ownsecond law of m...
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Comics.
Fantasio von André Franquin erfreuen sich mit ihrem zum Teil anspruchsvollen Witz seit den siebziger Jahren auch in Deutschland großer Beliebtheit bei Kindern und Erwachsenen. In den sechziger Jahren entstanden in den USA gegen das Establishment gerichtete Underground-Comics für Erwachsene, die das Medium nicht nur durch gezielten Tabubruch von alten Zwängen befreiten, sondern auch durch ihren psychedelischen Stil (wie bei Gilbert Shelton) eine neue Bildersprache entwickelten. Vor allem die h...
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White Paper: SMEs in Morocco
In addition to these structural weaknesses of the economic fabric, there is the predominance of the informal sector. If there are no figures on the portion of black economy in Morocco, but it is still a fact that nobody can deny: a large number of businesses, particularly small ones (the majority of the economic fabric) are only partially applying government regulation and particularly fiscal. This part of the informal activity is not i...
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SMEs in Morocco
In addition to these structural weaknesses of the economic fabric, there is the predominance of the informal sector. If there are no figures on the portion of black economy in Morocco, but it is still a fact that nobody can deny: a large number of businesses, particularly small ones (the majority of the economic fabric) are only partially applying government regulation and particularly fiscal. This part of the informal activity is not i...
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Malerei.
zisterziensischen Skriptorien einen feinlinigen, freien Zeichenstil, der an die Errungenschaften karolingischer Skriptorien anknüpft (Utrecht-Psalter). Siehe auch romanische Kunst und Architektur 9.1 Gotik Die Durchfensterung der Hochschiffwände im Kirchenbau der Gotik bereitete den Weg für den Siegeszug der Glasmalerei als neuem Medium. Im Bereich der Buchmalereilösten zunehmend professionelle Malerateliers die klösterlichen Werkstätten ab. Eine profane Allegorie des Guten und Schlechten...
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Sound
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INTRODUCTION
Sound, physical phenomenon that stimulates the sense of hearing.
A fundamental law of harmony states that two notes an octave apart, when sounded together, produce a pleasant-sounding combination. Other combinations of notescan also be pleasing. Physically, an interval of a fifth consists of two notes, the frequencies of which bear the arithmetical ratio 3 to 2, and a major third, the ratio 5 to4. Fundamentally, the law of harmony states that two or more notes sound pleasant when played together if their frequencies bear small, whole number ratios; if thefreq...
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Money.
A Early Monetary Regulations In the American colonies, coins of almost every European country circulated, with the Spanish dollar predominating. Because of the scarcity of coins, the colonists alsoused various primitive mediums of exchange, such as bullets, tobacco, and animal skins. Many of the colonies issued paper money that circulated at varying rates ofdiscount. The first unified currency consisted of the notes issued by the Continental Congress to finance the American Revolution. These no...
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Radio.
signal, such as a musical note. This form of modulation, AM, is used in many radiotelephony services including standard radiobroadcasts. AM is also employed for carriercurrent telephony, in which the modulated carrier is transmitted by wire, and in the transmission of still pictures by wire or radio. See Broadcasting, Radio and Television. In FM the frequency of the carrier wave is varied within a fixed range at a rate corresponding to the frequency of a sound signal. This form of modulation, p...
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peinture - peinture.
Le pastel, qui eut un grand succès au XVIII e siècle, associe les matériaux du dessin (le fusain, la sanguine, la craie, etc.) qui, après être réduits en poudre, sont dilués avec de l'eau et parfois des pigments supplémentaires. 6 FRESQUE À la Renaissance, on codifia la pratique de la fresque, employée pour la peinture murale depuis l'Antiquité sous différentes formes. Le principe classique consiste à appliquer des pigments colorés dilués à l'eau sur une paroi enduite d'un mortier frais compo...
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Galileo
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INTRODUCTION
Galileo (1564-1642), Italian physicist and astronomer who, with German astronomer Johannes Kepler, initiated the scientific revolution that flowered in the work of
English physicist Sir Isaac Newton.
V WORK IN ASTRONOMY During most of his time in Padua, Galileo showed little interest in astronomy, although in 1595 he declared in a letter that he preferred the Copernican theory that Earthrevolves around the Sun to the assumptions of Aristotle and Ptolemy that planets circle a fixed Earth ( see Astronomy: The Copernican Theory ; Ptolemaic System). A Observations with the Telescope In 1609 Galileo heard that a telescope had been invented in Holland. In August of that year he constructed a t...
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Galileo.
V WORK IN ASTRONOMY During most of his time in Padua, Galileo showed little interest in astronomy, although in 1595 he declared in a letter that he preferred the Copernican theory that Earthrevolves around the Sun to the assumptions of Aristotle and Ptolemy that planets circle a fixed Earth ( see Astronomy: The Copernican Theory ; Ptolemaic System). A Observations with the Telescope In 1609 Galileo heard that a telescope had been invented in Holland. In August of that year he constructed a t...
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Light
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INTRODUCTION
Light, form of energy visible to the human eye that is radiated by moving charged particles.
simulates the action of a moving charge upon the electric field. It creates a wave that travels along the rope in a direction that is perpendicular to the initial up anddown movement. Because electromagnetic waves are transverse—that is, the vibration that creates them is perpendicular to the direction in which they travel, they are similar to waveson a rope or waves traveling on the surface of water. Unlike these waves, however, which require a rope or water, light does not need a medium, or su...
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Le fort de Qaytbay à Alexandrie
DES MÉDIUMS A LA RECHERCHE DU TOMBEAU D' ALEXANDRE En 1979 , lorsque des plongeurs découvrirent au pied du fort de Qaytbay des blocs de maçonnerie de 75 t, la vieille hypothèse du tombeau d'Alexandre reprit vie pour quelques années. Selon deux archéologues italiens, la taille énorme de ces blocs , qui proviennent vraisemblablement du phare, témoigne de l'effort de construction démesuré déployé par les Ptolémées, effort qui devait...
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prosodie, n.
ambiguïté syntaxique : la phrase « La bonne porte la mûre/mure » (« La domestique porte la petite baie noire »/« la porte solide la tient enfermée ») est accentuée sur ['b òn] dans la première interprétation, sur ['p òrt] dans la seconde (notations où l'accent est marqué par l'apostrophe antéposée) ;- les autres phénomènes prosodiques relèvent de l'intonation, phénomène de variation de la hauteur de la voix, qui peut passer, au long de l'énoncé, du grave à l'aigu ou, inversement, par les inter...
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Penguin - biology.
B Parents and Offspring Once female penguins lay their eggs, both the parents incubate the eggs. The incubation period varies according to species, ranging from 33 days for the little penguinto about 63 days for the emperor penguin. In most medium-sized penguins incubation takes 35 to 38 days. The incubation routine is highly variable among penguinspecies, although in general both sexes participate in incubation and feeding of young. Male and female Adélie penguins take turns incubating their e...
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Französische Literatur (Sprache & Litteratur).
Inbegriff allerhöchster Tugend ) und von Louise Labé ( Sonnetts, 1555; 24 Sonette ) sowie das Werk des in der Nachfolge Ariostos schreibenden Philippe Desportes zu sehen. In der Prosa der Zeit orientierte sich Margarete von Navarra bei Heptaméron (herausgegeben 1559) an Boccaccios Novellenzyklus Decamerone. François Rabelais wiederum ließ sich für die sinnenfroh-überbordende Phantastik und den Wortwitz seiner von satirischer Gesellschafts- und Kirchenkritik durchsetzten Renaissanceromane...
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Orthodox Church.
formally defined by an ecumenical council, as it was in Catholicism, some Orthodox theologians have taught that the act of becoming a monk or the service of burial canalso be sacraments. The sacramental practice of the Orthodox differs in many details from Western customs. Baptism is administered by immersing the child or adult three times under thewater, each time in the name of one of the persons of the Trinity. It is followed immediately by anointment with chrism, a sacred perfumed oil that r...
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Zimbabwe - country.
contamination—especially from the dieldrin and DDT used in tsetse fly control—has significantly affected wildlife and human health. III PEOPLE AND SOCIETY OF ZIMBABWE In 2008 Zimbabwe’s population was estimated to be 12,382,920, giving the country a population density of 32 persons per sq km (83 per sq mi). With a birth rate of27 per 1,000 and a death rate of 22 per 1,000, Zimbabwe’s population growth rate is 0.6 percent. Life expectancy at birth was estimated at 40 years in 2008, downfrom 59...
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Byzantine Art and Architecture
I
INTRODUCTION
Archangel Michael
This depiction of the archangel Michael, in Saint Mark's Cathedral in Venice, Italy, is an example of ancient enamel art.
This Byzantine ivory relief shows Christ the Pantocrator, or ruler of the world, raising his hand in a gesture of blessing. Itcomes from the cover of a lectionary, or book containing portions of the scriptures, and dates from the second golden ageof Byzantine art, the late 10th century. The relief is in the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, England.Bridgeman Art Library, London/New York Mosaics were the favored medium for the interior adornment of Byzantine churches. The small cubes, or tesserae, t...
- Dialectique de la nature
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Millennium: Kunst.
Die Formen für eine angemessene Verbildlichung christlicher Lehren mussten erst noch gefunden werden. Eine besondere Rolle sollte dabei der Buchmalerei zukommen. DieVoraussetzung für ihre Entwicklung war im 4. Jahrhundert die Ablösung der Schriftrolle durch den Kodex, der heute noch geläufigen Buchform, bei dem die Seiten zwischenden Buchdeckeln flach bleiben und so eine Bemalung mit dicker aufgetragenen Pigmenten ermöglichen. Die bedeutendsten frühen Buchmalereien, z. B. die Wiener Genesis , s...
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Deutscher Film.
Kulturlebens durch die Reichskulturkammer unter ihrem Präsidenten Joseph Goebbels bewirkten zudem eine Gleichschaltung des Filmwesens. Weder der personelle Aderlassnoch die politische Disziplinierung wirkten sich indessen spürbar auf die Produktivität aus. Dies hing zum großen Teil mit der Unterstützung des Mediums durch dieMachthaber zusammen. Einerseits war ein eigenständiger deutscher Unterhaltungsfilm erwünscht, zum anderen wurde der Film in den Dienst der Parteiideologie gestellt.Goebbels w...
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Italienische Literatur (Sprache & Litteratur).
Einer der herausragenden Künstler der Frührenaissance war der humanistische Gelehrte und Dichter Francesco Petrarca. Mit ihm trat ein neues Lebensgefühl in dieabendländische Kultur ein. Im Unterschied zu Dante und anderen mittelalterlichen Denkern wie dem italienischen Vertreter der Scholastik, Thomas von Aquin, und demfranzösischen Philosophen Pierre Abélard, lag Petrarca weniger daran, die Texte der Klassiker der Antike für seine eigenen Absichten zu verwenden, als vielmehr aus demGeist der Kl...