1975 résultats pour "thèses"
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méthode et téchnique
Ces deux thèses peuvent être explicites ou implicites . C'est-à-dire on les recherche soit par leur mention explicite (le plus souvent énoncé en début), soit par le but général poursuivi par l'ensemble de l'argumentation. II- Les arguments Pour démontrer sa thèse, l'auteur fait appel à des arguments . Les arguments sont les raisons de fond qui sont avancés pour justifier sa thèse et convaincre le lecteur. Il faut les distinguer des figures rhétoriques qui cherchent à pers...
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Après avoir identifié les cibles des quatre auteurs et reformulé brièvement leurs thèses, montrez, à partir de l'identification de deux procédés communs aux quatre textes, comment ils permettent d'exprimer un idéal précis.
Le serment, la vertu, l'honneur religieux ». En ce qui concerne Zola, il désigne explicitement ses cibles: il accuse lecommandantdu Paty de Clam, mais aussi le ministère de la Guerre, l'armée, d'avoir ourdi un complot contre Dreyfus: « C'est unmensonge ».Il leur reproche d'avoir modifié les faits, menti, travesti la vérité pour désigner un coupable idéal à la sociétéfrançaise afm denourrir « la chasse aux « sales juifs» ». Il se bat au nom de la vérité, de l'égalité de traite...
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Analyse personnage Phèdre
1. Fiche bibliographique RACINE J : Phèdre Paris. L.C.F (théâtre de poche) 1999, 124 pages 2. Résumé de l’œuvre À Trézène, en Grèce, Phèdre, épouse du roi Thésée, tombe amoureuse de son beau- fils Hippolyte. Sa passion est telle, qu’elle préfère se laisser mourir que lui avouer son amour. Elle le confie cependant à sa nourrice, Œnone. Peu après, une rumeur circule annonçant la mort de Thésée. La mort du roi entraîne un vide politique qu’il faut combler. Phèdre con...
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Compte rendu Phèdre
1. Fiche bibliographique RACINE J : Phèdre Paris. L.C.F (théâtre de poche) 1999, 124 pages 2. Résumé de l’œuvre À Trézène, en Grèce, Phèdre, épouse du roi Thésée, tombe amoureuse de son beau- fils Hippolyte. Sa passion est telle, qu’elle préfère se laisser mourir que lui avouer son amour. Elle le confie cependant à sa nourrice, Œnone. Peu après, une rumeur circule annonçant la mort de Thésée. La mort du roi entraîne un vide politique qu’il faut combler. Phèdre con...
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acte2 scene 5 phedre
- Vers 621 : «Neptune» : une légende grecque faisait de Thésée le fils de Neptune. - Vers 623 : «On ne voit point deux fois le rivage des morts» : Phèdre repousse la possibilité du retour de Thésée, dont Hippolyte vient d'exprimer l'espoir. D'ailleurs, on ne pouvait traverser l'Achéron que dans un seul sens. - Vers 624 : «les sombres bords» : ceux de l'Achéron, fleuve des enfers. - Vers 625 : «vous» : Phèdre ne dit pas «nous» parce que, pour sa part, elle n'espère pas le retour de Thésée, et met...
- winds Greek and Roman Both Greek and Roman cultures in classical times personified the winds, recognizing the power of these forces.
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Jules Michelet
Trois fois lauréat au concours général, bachelier à dix-neuf ans, docteur ès
lettres à vingt et un ans avec une thèse à propos de Vies des hommes illustres,
de Plutarque, Michelet est agrégé en 1821, ce qui lui permet de commencer
à enseigner.
Trois fois lauréat au concours général, bachelier à dix-neuf ans, docteur ès lettres à vingt et un ans avec une thèse à propos de Vies des hommes illustres , de Plutarque , Michelet est agrégé en 1821, ce qui lui permet de commencer à enseigner. Il se consacre bientôt uniquement à ses travaux historiques. Son premier ouvrage, publié en 1824, a pour titre Tableaux synchroniques de l'histoire moderne . Sa nomination en 1831 à la tête de la section historique des Archives nationales lui permet...
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Le mythe
l'homme à travers les récits comme Thésée et le Minotaure ou Dédale et Icare ou encore Pandore. Nous allons commencer en parlant de Thésée ainsi que de Dédale. Thésée arrive enfin au palais d'Égée, à Athènes. Il y avait une grande agitation. Depuis qu'Athènes avait perdu laguerre, il y a 9 ans, elle devait donner 14 enfants (7 filles et 7 garçons) à un monstre à tête de taureau et à corps d'homme que l'on nommai t Minotaure. Thésée veut partir avec les enfants sur un bateau pour aller le tu...
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Racine: entretien entre Hippolyte et son confient
« Ariane » ; « Phèdre » - « Tant d’autres […] échappés » ? phrase qui définit le séducteur - Séduction puis abandon donc souffrance ? donc « pleurs » - Même accumulation mais pour effet inverse : pour montrer l’attitude scandaleuse de Thésée - Multiplicité des fautes de Thésée « cent lieux » ; « tant d’autres » - Terme de la vie amoureuse de T avec P ? « enfin » (renvoie au vers 26 « Phèdre depuis longtemps ne craint plus de rivale ») - Sentiment contrasté : Héros donc synonyme du bien avec ses...
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Texte Bergson: L'Energie spirituelle (1919), Puf Quadrige, 1999, pp. 36-37 (commentaire)
cause. Ce pourquoi certains philosophes vont par la suite affirmer que les localisations démontrent que l'esprit n'est que dela matière et donc que le matérialisme est une thèse scientifique démontrée par la science. Or le matérialisme qui prétendse réclamer de la science n'a jamais démontré sa thèse, la simple étude du cerveau démontre la relation entre le cerveau etl'esprit, donc le matérialisme va outre ce que l'expérience affirme, et n'est qu'une simple thèse philosophique. Par...
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COMMENTAIRE COMPOSE SUR PHEDRE DE RACINE (Acte IV Scène 2)
d'où cette répétions anaphorique. De plus, Thésée, n'utilise pas la force de ses mains pour faire comprendre sa fureur à Hippolyte ; C'est la parole quis'en chargera, son instrument de violence. Son aigreur est ponctuée par un vocabulaire dépréciatif comme le champlexical de l'infamie: « Perfide » (v1044), « monstre » (v1045), « ennemis » (v1049), « traître » (v1053), « opprobreeternel » (v1055) et « ma haine » (v1053). Cette colère est également renforcée par l'adjectif « impur » (v1046),et l...
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homme cherche le bonheur
avons distingué, respectivement, la position d’une thèse (que l’on dira double), lignes 1 à 8 ; de là, Bergson nous décrira la situation " courante " et opposée à cette thèse (lignes 8 à 17) ; enfin, nous aurons (lignes 18 à 27) la description génétique et la définition de l’illusion des philosophes (qui découlera de la description de notre mécanisme usuel de connaissance). Première partie : la thèse : quelle est...
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Dissertation fiche argumentation
Co u rs 158 C o u rs L’argumentation 25 159 ➜ 2. Les exemples n Les exemples viennent appuyer les arguments en les illustrant. Ils permettent de concrétiser les arguments qui, seuls, restent abstraits : les exemples viennent vérifier une idée. Un bon exemple peut être une référence historique, littéraire, un fait d’actualité, une anecdote, une citation, une expérience… Types d’exemples Fonction Exemple illustratif (le plus courant) Cas particulier qui vérifie l’idée générale de l’arg...
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Phèdre : Hippolyte fait part à son confident, Théramène, de sa décision de fuir « le séjour de l’aimable Trézène
Péloponnèse, au lieu d'être à Athènes, Hippolyte a pris la place de Thésée auprès de Phèdre et d'Aricie, Thésée, le roi, qui devrait être aux côtés de son épouse et régner sur Athènes est absent depuis de nombreux mois ; il sera donné pour mort, puis on apprendra qu'il a été retenu aux Enfers avec l'un de ses compagnons et qu'il est finalement vivant - les circonstances exactes sont assez obscures, mais il en ressort que Thésée est, une fois de plus, impliqué dans une aventure peu glorieuse...
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Sommaire de Phèdre
que le jeune homme a voulu violenter l'épouse de son père. Glacée, Phèdre se dérobe aux embrassements de Thésée. Autre étonnement pour le roi : son fils souhaite le quitter pour accom plir à son tour de glorieux exploits. Les propos de Thésée jet tent l'angoisse dans le cœur d'Hippolyte (Acte III). Œnone a rempli sa mission. Furieux et exaspéré par la défense maladroite de l'accusé, le père voue le fils à la colère de Neptune. Phèdre accourt pour...
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Résumé et analyse Phèdre de Racine
envisage d'avouer à Thésée son amour pour Aricie, évite sa belle-mère ; Phèdre est submergée par la culpabilité. Acte 4 : OEnone, qui craint que sa maîtresse ne se donne la mort, déclare à Thésée qu'Hippolyte a tenté de séduire Phèdre en la menaçant, donnant pour preuve l'épée qu'elle a conservée. Thésée bannit Hippolyte et prie Neptune, dieu de la mer, de le venger. Phèdre veut le faire changer d'avis mais elle apprend qu'Hippolyte aime Aricie. Furieuse d'avoir une rivale, elle renonce à le déf...
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Fiche de méthode pour rédiger la dissertation
Développement : Bien qu'aucun nombre de paries ne soit imposé,le plan recommandé se compose généralement de trois parties. On trouve, parmi les plans les plus répandus, celui qui correspond à la forme thèse-antithèse-synthèse et celui que l'on dit « progressif ». Le plan « thèse -antithèse-synthèse » Ce plan ne consiste pas à soutenir une chose puis son contraire pour clore la réflexion,à la fin,en balançant entre oui et non. -Dans la première partie(« thèse »),on doit,en ré...
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Uranus (planet) - astronomy.
V COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE A Interior of Uranus Uranus contains mostly rock and water, with hydrogen and helium (and trace amounts of methane) in its dense atmosphere. Astronomers believe that Uranus, likeNeptune, formed from the same material—principally frozen water and rock—that composes most of the planet’s moons. As the planet grew, pressures andtemperatures in the planet’s interior increased, heating the planet’s frozen water into a hot liquid. Uranus probably has a relatively small roc...
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Courts in the United States.
The term circuit derives from the original structure of these courts. Under the Judiciary Act of 1789, trials of certain cases were required to be held before three-judge circuit courts consisting of two Supreme Court justices and the federal trial judge in the district court. In addition to their regular duties, Supreme Court justices were required to ride circuit, traveling from district to district within their assigned circuit, often covering great distances. In 1891 Congress establishe...
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First Americans.
bones and artifacts helped 19th-century archaeologists establish the age of ancient human encampments in Europe. Yet, search as they might, American archaeologists found no comparable evidence of a Pleistocene-era human presence. But several sites revealed stone artifacts thatsome scholars believed looked similar to the ancient stone tools found in Europe. On the basis of this similarity, these experts claimed the American artifacts must be asold. By the 1890s, however, other scholars had challe...
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First Americans - Canadian History.
bones and artifacts helped 19th-century archaeologists establish the age of ancient human encampments in Europe. Yet, search as they might, American archaeologists found no comparable evidence of a Pleistocene-era human presence. But several sites revealed stone artifacts thatsome scholars believed looked similar to the ancient stone tools found in Europe. On the basis of this similarity, these experts claimed the American artifacts must be asold. By the 1890s, however, other scholars had challe...
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Coral Reef.
sensitive to particles of mud or sediment settling on them, which means that corals rarely grow close to rivers or other sources of sediment. In the sea, light is filteredout by depth, so reef-building corals can only grow in relatively shallow water. Even in the clearest oceans few reef-building corals grow below a depth of 80 to 100 m(260 to 328 ft). Although corals need nutrients, they cannot thrive in areas where there are large amounts of nutrients. Typically, microscopic organisms in the p...
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Native American Policy.
of white settlement dominated policy during the second quarter of the 19th century. IV REMOVAL PERIOD The idea of moving Native Americans to a different part of the country was not new. After the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, President Thomas Jefferson had suggestedthat tracts of land in this vast new territory could be given to native peoples if they agreed to cede their lands in the eastern part of the country. Transfers occurred in apiecemeal way, but no consistent removal program developed u...
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Poverty.
economic and demographic trends, and (7) welfare incentives. A Overpopulation Overpopulation, the situation of having large numbers of people with too few resources and too little space, is closely associated with poverty. It can result from highpopulation density (the ratio of people to land area, usually expressed as numbers of persons per square kilometer or square mile) or from low amounts of resources, or from both. Excessively high population densities put stress on available resources....
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Glacier.
covered. In spring the snow cover begins to melt in the lower reaches, exposing the ice surface. As temperatures increase, the melting moves up the glacier. Thesnowline is the highest position the melting reaches during the year. Firn is old granular snow. The firn limit may not exactly coincide with the annual snowline since insome years rapid melting leaves behind firn patches below the snowline. Some glaciers exhibit features called ice streams and icefalls. Ice streams are valley glaciers th...
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Photosynthesis - biology.
P680 in Photosystem II is now electron deficient because it has donated electrons to P700 in Photosystem I. P680 electrons are replenished by the water that has beenabsorbed by the plant roots and transported to the chloroplasts in the leaves. The movement of electrons in Photosystems I and II and the action of an enzyme split thewater into oxygen, hydrogen ions, and electrons. The electrons from water flow to Photosystem II, replacing the electrons lost by P680. Some of the hydrogen ions maybe...
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Insect - biology.
they almost always have six legs. In some insects, such as beetles, the legs are practically identical, but in other insects each pair is a slightly different shape. Still otherinsects have specialized leg structures. Examples are praying mantises, which have grasping and stabbing forelegs armed with lethal spines, and grasshoppers andfleas, which have large, muscular hind legs that catapult them into the air. Mole crickets’ front legs are modified for digging, and backswimmers have hind legs de...
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Rain Forest.
dropped into the heart of the forest by helicopters. Suspended from the crane’s long, movable arm is a large gondola that functions as a mobile treetop laboratory.Moving from tree to tree, forest researchers collect specimens, conduct experiments, and observe life in the canopy frontier. The highest stratum of the rain forest is made up of the emergent trees, those individuals that stick up above the forest canopy. Emergents, which do not form acontinuous layer, are usually the giants of the for...
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la troisième antinomie kantienne
D'après la thèse déterministe, non seulement rien n'arrive sans cause, mais les mêmes causes produisent les mêmes effets. Il y a donc une relation nécessaire entre une cause et son effet : l'effet que produit la cause, la cause ne peut pas ne pas le produire (une cause ne peut pas produire un autre effet que celui qu'elle produit). La moindre variation dans l'effet signale un changement dans la cause. Et la moindre variation dans la cause doit entraîner une variation dans l'effet. Cette relatio...
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Animal - biology.
Vertebrates are customarily divided into cold-blooded and warm-blooded animals, but these labels are not very precise. Biologists normally use the terms ectoderm and endoderm to describe temperature regulation more accurately. An ectoderm is an animal whose temperature is dictated by its surroundings, while an endoderm is one that keeps its body at a constant warm temperature by generating internal heat. Reptiles, amphibians, and fish are ectoderms. Although they do not maintain a constant wa...
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Qing Dynasty - History.
The Manchus also dealt with the problem of Russian expansion into northeastern Asia. In 1689 the Treaty of Nerchinsk was signed by an envoy from the Manchu courtand a Russian representing Peter the Great. The treaty, the first between China and a Western country, established territorial boundaries and defined rules ofcommerce for the two powers. Through the mid-18th century, the Manchus continued to consolidate their power. In 1720 the Qing ruler sent forces to fight the Mongols in Tibet and the...
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Belief and knowledge
know that it is the case. There are two advantages to this. First, when we accept that something is the case, we do so for a purpose, and the relevant purpose for epistemic agents is the pursuit of truth. When we believe (or harbour a conviction) we need not have any such purpose. So the use of 'acceptance' rather than 'conviction' helps us keep in sight the goal-oriented nature of epistemic agents. Second, a belief (and conviction) can be the product of entirely irrational factors, such as...
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American Revolution.
C1 The South Southern agriculture was founded on the cultivation of tobacco, wheat, and corn in Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina, and of rice and indigo (a blue dye) in SouthCarolina and Georgia. There was a large demand for these crops in Europe. These crops were cultivated with the help of black slaves imported from Africa. The whiteplanter class in the South was the most powerful, both politically and economically. C2 The North Wheat was the main cash crop of the mid-Atlantic colonies...
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American Revolution - U.
C1 The South Southern agriculture was founded on the cultivation of tobacco, wheat, and corn in Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina, and of rice and indigo (a blue dye) in SouthCarolina and Georgia. There was a large demand for these crops in Europe. These crops were cultivated with the help of black slaves imported from Africa. The whiteplanter class in the South was the most powerful, both politically and economically. C2 The North Wheat was the main cash crop of the mid-Atlantic colonies...
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Extrasolar Planets - astronomy.
When a planet passes in a front of the star it orbits—an event called a transit—it causes a small dip in the brightness of the star. Measuring the slight change in thebrightness can be used not only to directly detect a planet, but to determine its size and orbit. However, the planet needs to orbit in a plane that lies in a telescope’sline of sight on the star. Despite long odds, Earth-based telescopes have detected and studied a few exoplanets using this method. The first space telescope design...
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Native American Art.
folding, braiding or weaving, could also be sewn onto the hide. The production of decorated clothing and bags increased after contact with Europeans as a greater variety of textiles and other materials became available throughtrade. Imported glass beads inspired native women, who quickly adapted quillwork techniques for the creation of beaded apparel. European curvilinear and floraldesigns of the 19th century proved as meaningful for the native women who worked with them as they were for the non...
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Coral - biology.
Soft corals lack a distinct skeleton. Although they live in colonies, the individual polyps are fused into a complex body, usually strengthened by small lumps or spikesknown as sclerites, which are made of protein and calcite. Soft corals come in a variety of shapes, including undulating sheets, upright mushroomlike shapes, andbeautiful shapes that form branches. A number of other octocorals have skeletons made from a hard or horny protein, sometimes strengthened with more brittle calcareous dep...
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Christianity.
history of architecture. See Basilica; Church; Early Christian Art and Architecture;Prayer. C Christian Life The instruction and exhortation of Christian preaching and teaching concern all the themes of doctrine and morals: the love of God and the love of neighbor, the twochief commandments in the ethical message of Jesus (see Matthew 22: 34-40). Application of these commandments to the concrete situations of human life, bothpersonal and social, does not produce a uniformity of moral or polit...
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Biodiversity.
a common molecule, ribonucleic acid (RNA), and most also have deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). These molecules direct the production of proteins—molecules responsiblefor the structure and function of virtually all living cells. This is the evolutionary chain of life. All species are descended from a single common ancestor. From that ancient single-celled microbe, all inherited RNA. As time goesby, species diverge and develop their own peculiar attributes, thus making their own contribution to biodiv...
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Biodiversity - biology.
a common molecule, ribonucleic acid (RNA), and most also have deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). These molecules direct the production of proteins—molecules responsiblefor the structure and function of virtually all living cells. This is the evolutionary chain of life. All species are descended from a single common ancestor. From that ancient single-celled microbe, all inherited RNA. As time goesby, species diverge and develop their own peculiar attributes, thus making their own contribution to biodiv...
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Portraiture
I
INTRODUCTION
Portraiture, visual representation of individual people, distinguished by references to the subject's character, social position, wealth, or profession.
CaracallaCaracalla is a Roman portrait bust in marble of the emperor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, probably done circa ad 215. Theson of Septimius Severus, Caracalla (as he was known) was a brutal man whose qualities come through in this piece withits dramatic realism. The bust, which is now in the Louvre, Paris, evidently served as the inspiration for Michelangelo’sbust of Brutus more than one thousand years later.Bridgeman Art Library, London/New York The first representations of identifiable ind...
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Snake (reptile).
in their heads that conduct sound. They are able to hear low-frequency sounds and to sense vibrations that travel through the ground or water. The majority of snakeshave good eyesight, especially for detecting moving objects, although most burrowing snakes can only distinguish between light and dark. Pit vipers, boas, and pythons have an unusual adaptation for detecting warm-blooded prey and predators. On the heads of these snakes are small pits lined with cellsthat are extremely sensitive to he...
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Sigmund Freud.
reminiscences from the past and about her daydreams. Remarkably, as her narrative revisited memories from the past, which were associated with the onset of aparticular symptom, each symptom disappeared when accompanied by an emotional outburst. Breuer made use of this discovery to eliminate her symptoms one at atime. He called the treatment the cathartic technique (from the Greek katharsis meaning “purgation”). The treatment was time consuming and required considerable effort to reach dimly re...
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Turtle.
Turtles use their jaws to cut and handle food. Instead of teeth, a turtle’s upper and lower jaws are covered by horny ridges, similar to a bird’s beak. Meat-eating turtlescommonly have knife-sharp ridges for slicing through their prey. Plant-eating turtles often have ridges with serrated edges that help them cut through tough plants.Turtles use their tongues in swallowing food, but unlike many other reptiles, such as chameleons, they cannot stick out their tongues to capture food. C Limb Structu...
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Turtle - biology.
Turtles use their jaws to cut and handle food. Instead of teeth, a turtle’s upper and lower jaws are covered by horny ridges, similar to a bird’s beak. Meat-eating turtlescommonly have knife-sharp ridges for slicing through their prey. Plant-eating turtles often have ridges with serrated edges that help them cut through tough plants.Turtles use their tongues in swallowing food, but unlike many other reptiles, such as chameleons, they cannot stick out their tongues to capture food. C Limb Structu...
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Environment.
escape into space of the infrared energy radiated back out by Earth. This process is referred to as the greenhouse effect. These gases, primarily carbon dioxide,methane, nitrous oxide, and water vapor, insulate Earth’s surface, helping to maintain warm temperatures. Without these gases, Earth would be a frozen planet with anaverage temperature of about -18°C (about 0°F) instead of a comfortable 15°C (59°F). If the concentration of these gases rises, they trap more heat within theatmosphere, caus...
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Inorganic Chemistry - chemistry.
two electrically charged plates (positively charged top plate and negatively charged bottom plate). By measuring the difference in how fast these electron-laden oildrops fell when the metal plates were charged and uncharged, Millikan was able to calculate the total charge on each oil drop. Because each measurement was a wholenumber multiple of -1.60 × 10 -19 coulombs, Millikan concluded this was the charge carried by a single electron. Using Thomson’s electron charge-to-mass ratio, Millikan then...
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Acid Rain.
the Adirondack Mountains of New York State, a quarter of the lakes and ponds are acidic, and many have lost their brook trout and other fish. In the middleAppalachian Mountains, over 1,300 streams are afflicted. All of Norway’s major rivers have been damaged by acid rain, severely reducing salmon and trout populations. E Plants and Animals The effects of acid rain on wildlife can be far-reaching. If a population of one plant or animal is adversely affected by acid rain, animals that feed on tha...
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History of Chemistry - chemistry.
even better distillation apparatus than the Arabs had made and to condense the more volatile products of distillation. Among the important products obtained in thisway were alcohol and the mineral acids: nitric, aqua regia (a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric), sulfuric, and hydrochloric. Many new reactions could be carried outusing these powerful reagents. Word of the Chinese discovery of nitrates and the manufacture of gunpowder also came to the West through the Arabs. The Chinese atfirst use...
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Ecology.
an input of nutrients exceeding the capability of the ecosystem to process them. Nutrients eroded and leached from agricultural lands, along with sewage and industrialwastes accumulated from urban areas, all drain into streams, rivers, lakes, and estuaries. These pollutants destroy plants and animals that cannot tolerate theirpresence or the changed environmental conditions caused by them; at the same time they favor a few organisms more tolerant to changed conditions. Thus,precipitation filled...