531 résultats pour "tradit"

• Ontario - Canadian History.

  governed Ontario’s initial settlement and development. The province’s most important river is the St. Lawrence. Its route was much improved and enlarged by dredgingand canal building in the mid-20th century. This enabled large ocean-going vessels to reach Great Lake ports ( see St. Lawrence Seaway). The Ottawa River was an important early route to the interior for fur traders and timber merchants. The Niagara River, because of its falls, is a great center of hydroelectric power as well as aninte...

• South Dakota - geography.

  C1 Temperatures Average January temperatures are everywhere less than -4° C (24° F) and decrease to less than -12° C (10° F) in some northern sections. The January temperaturesin Sioux Falls range from -16° to -4° C (3° to 24° F). Nightime lows of -29° C (-20° F) occur during most winters. July averages are in the low and middle 20°s C (lowand middle 70°s F) throughout most of the state, and are somewhat lower in the Black Hills. The average temperature range in Sioux Falls in July is 17° to 30...

• South Dakota - USA History.

  C1 Temperatures Average January temperatures are everywhere less than -4° C (24° F) and decrease to less than -12° C (10° F) in some northern sections. The January temperaturesin Sioux Falls range from -16° to -4° C (3° to 24° F). Nightime lows of -29° C (-20° F) occur during most winters. July averages are in the low and middle 20°s C (lowand middle 70°s F) throughout most of the state, and are somewhat lower in the Black Hills. The average temperature range in Sioux Falls in July is 17° to 30...

• Czech Republic - country.

  enforcement of environmental regulations. Environmental considerations have also led some government officials to promote nuclear energy as a key source of powerfor the country’s future. The Czech Republic produces most of its energy by burning domestic coal. Much of the coal burned is low quality with a high ash and sulfur content—a key componentof acid rain—producing high levels of air pollution. Forests in the Czech Republic are among the most seriously affected by acid rain in all of Europe....

• Geographic Exploration.

  The commercial reason for exploration has been a consistent driving force. In 1492 the great navigator Christopher Columbus sailed west across the Atlantic Oceanseeking a new, shorter, and cheaper route to reach the riches of East Asia, and Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama circumnavigated Africa for much the same reason.Yet similar investigations of the profitable eastern trade had already been made by Arab sailors. Arab trading ships were sailing from the Arabian Sea to southeasternAsia probab...

• Geographic Exploration - explorer.

  The commercial reason for exploration has been a consistent driving force. In 1492 the great navigator Christopher Columbus sailed west across the Atlantic Oceanseeking a new, shorter, and cheaper route to reach the riches of East Asia, and Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama circumnavigated Africa for much the same reason.Yet similar investigations of the profitable eastern trade had already been made by Arab sailors. Arab trading ships were sailing from the Arabian Sea to southeasternAsia probab...

• Tunisia - country.

  mixture of Berber and Arab stock, and they regard themselves as Arabs. Nearly everyone speaks Arabic. The population of Tunisia is concentrated in the coastal plain. It is fairly dense in the hilly north, but the arid plateau, basin, and south are thinly settled. About two-thirds of the country’s people live in urban areas. A Principal Cities The capital and largest city of Tunisia is the seaport of Tunis. Other important cities include Sfax, a port and center of trade on the eastern coast; Sūs...

• Jean Chrétien.

  In 1969, when Chrétien introduced policy proposals based on this principle, indigenous peoples reacted with such hostility that he ultimately had to withdraw theproposals. Despite this and other clashes with indigenous leaders, Chrétien continued to work at improving the government relations with them. By the time he left theDepartment of Indian and Northern Affairs in 1974, he had earned their respect and appreciation for his efforts. Following the 1974 election, Trudeau appointed Chrétien pres...

• Jean Chrétien - Canadian History.

  In 1969, when Chrétien introduced policy proposals based on this principle, indigenous peoples reacted with such hostility that he ultimately had to withdraw theproposals. Despite this and other clashes with indigenous leaders, Chrétien continued to work at improving the government relations with them. By the time he left theDepartment of Indian and Northern Affairs in 1974, he had earned their respect and appreciation for his efforts. Following the 1974 election, Trudeau appointed Chrétien pres...

• London (England) - geography.

  In the northern part of the West End is Bloomsbury, the city’s traditional intellectual center, with its concentration of bookshops and homes of writers and academics. Inthe early 20th century a number of famous writers, critics, and artists who lived here became known as the Bloomsbury Group. Here, too, is the British Museum, one ofLondon’s chief tourist attractions. Nearby is the giant complex of the University of London, whose various colleges and departments have taken over much ofBloomsbury...

• William McKinley.

  gold standard. McKinley voted for it in exchange for support for his tariff bill. His vote angered Eastern bankers and industrialists but helped lessen Western oppositionto his stand on the tariff. D Governor of Ohio Because he was a champion of protective tariffs, as well as an extremely popular politician, McKinley attracted the attention of a Cleveland industrialist, Marcus AlonzoHanna. Hanna was eager to be the maker of a president and to be the man who exercised power behind the scenes. In...

• William McKinley

  gold standard. McKinley voted for it in exchange for support for his tariff bill. His vote angered Eastern bankers and industrialists but helped lessen Western oppositionto his stand on the tariff. D Governor of Ohio Because he was a champion of protective tariffs, as well as an extremely popular politician, McKinley attracted the attention of a Cleveland industrialist, Marcus AlonzoHanna. Hanna was eager to be the maker of a president and to be the man who exercised power behind the scenes. In...

• Armenia (country) - country.

  because of ethnic tension brought on by a secessionist conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, a region inhabited predominantly by Armenians in western Azerbaijan. In thereverse direction, many Armenian refugees entered Armenia from Azerbaijan during the conflict. Armenia’s official state language is Armenian, an Indo-European language with no surviving close relatives. It has a unique 38-letter alphabet that dates from the early5th century. Of its many spoken dialects, the most important are Eastern or Y...

• Terrorism.

  exploitation, ethnic discrimination, and religious persecution. Perceived inequities in the distribution of wealth and political power have led some terrorists to attempt tooverthrow democratically elected governments. To achieve a fairer society, they would replace these governments with socialist or communist regimes. Left-wingterrorist groups of the 1960s and 1970s with such aims included Germany’s Baader-Meinhof Gang, Italy’s Red Brigades, and the Weather Underground ( see Weathermen) in the...

• Brian Mulroney.

  At the party convention Mulroney was one of the candidates who ran against Clark. This time Mulroney did not have to contend with a rival candidate from Québec. Healso had the support of the remnants of the Diefenbaker faction—who disliked Clark even more than they disliked Mulroney. Mulroney was also endorsed by asubstantial group of members of Parliament; this endorsement helped allay concerns about whether he could provide effective leadership in Parliament. Mulroney waselected leader of the...

• Brian Mulroney - Canadian History.

  At the party convention Mulroney was one of the candidates who ran against Clark. This time Mulroney did not have to contend with a rival candidate from Québec. Healso had the support of the remnants of the Diefenbaker faction—who disliked Clark even more than they disliked Mulroney. Mulroney was also endorsed by asubstantial group of members of Parliament; this endorsement helped allay concerns about whether he could provide effective leadership in Parliament. Mulroney waselected leader of the...

• International Law.

  merchants), modernized the rights of neutrals during maritime war, and required blockades to be effective. The Declaration of Paris also initiated the practice of allowingnations other than the original signatories to accede (become a party to) to an agreement. In 1864 a conference convened in Geneva, Switzerland, at the invitation of the Swiss government. The conference approved a convention for the proper treatment ofwounded soldiers on the battlefield and the protection of medical personnel;...

• Lettre de motivation en anglais - Trader - Cambiste (E-U)

• Detroit - geography.

  of German and Irish immigrants. In the first half of the 20th century, the percentage of foreign-born residents declined, even though many immigrants arrived fromeastern Europe. During World War II (1939-1945), both whites and blacks were attracted from the South to work in the city’s defense industries. In 1950 foreign-bornand black residents each made up about 16 percent of the total population. In the five decades after 1950, the city lost almost half of its population, as many white resident...

• Lithuania - country.

  pollution. III PEOPLE Ethnic Lithuanians constitute about 80 percent of the country’s population. The proportion of Lithuanians increased slightly in the first years after the dissolution of theSoviet Union—many Lithuanians returned to their homeland from that country and abroad while some Russians, Ukrainians, and Belarusians left the country. Russiansand Poles constitute the country’s largest minority groups, each accounting for roughly 7 percent of the population. Jews were the largest mino...

• Maine - geography.

  temperatures range from 17° to 21°C (62° to 70°F) with the southern interior being the warmest and the east coast and north the coolest. However, daytime summertemperatures may reach the lower 30°s C (lower 90°s F), and temperatures in winter have fallen as low as -44°C (-48°F) in the interior. D2 Precipitation Precipitation (rainfall and snowfall) in Maine is evenly distributed throughout the year. Most areas receive from 860 to 1,020 mm (34 to 40 in) yearly, although parts ofthe coast are som...

• Maine - USA History.

  temperatures range from 17° to 21°C (62° to 70°F) with the southern interior being the warmest and the east coast and north the coolest. However, daytime summertemperatures may reach the lower 30°s C (lower 90°s F), and temperatures in winter have fallen as low as -44°C (-48°F) in the interior. D2 Precipitation Precipitation (rainfall and snowfall) in Maine is evenly distributed throughout the year. Most areas receive from 860 to 1,020 mm (34 to 40 in) yearly, although parts ofthe coast are som...

• Platon, Phèdre, 249d, trad. L. Brisson, GF-Flammarion.

• Platon, Phédon, 84e-85b, trad. M. Dixsaut, GF-Flammarion.

  90 Le temps de vivre sible: quelque chose comme une mise à l'épreuve qui confir­ mera, ou invalidera le sens d'une vie. La mort qui menace et surviendra en fixe la direction pour toujours : une telle orien­ tation se révèle enfin. C'est alors que toute action se charge de son propre sens, dans cette gravité qui fait qu'elle semble répondre de l'être tout entier et en exprimer la nature pro­ fonde. Le chant du cygne se...

• Platon, Phédon, 60b-c, trad. M. Dixsaut, GF-Flarnmarion.

  La chaîne de Socrate 121 rappelle à l'âme qu'elle est aussi expression du corps : elle ne se délie de lui que par un effort. Cela est vrai même lorsque le corps lui-même s'épanouit suffisamment, et qu'elle en accom­ plit la puissance d'agir par la puissance de comprendre qu'elle manifeste. La blessure est morale autant que physique, car elle manifeste un monde hostile ou simplement difficile à vivre. « La joie venait toujour...

• Platon, Théétète, 150b-d trad. M. Narcy modifiée, GF-Flammarion.

  52 L'invention de l'homme la conscience est décisive. Nul ne peut faire à ma place ce qui appelle mon implication personnelle. Le sentiment de décou­ vrir ce qu'on avait toujours su sans y prendre garde exprime bien cette exigence de la véritable instruction. Comprendre un principe, une relation, un théorème, une cause, c'est d'une certaine façon se révéler à soi-même une vérité que l'on ne pouvait remarquer tant qu'on ne...

• Native American Art I INTRODUCTION Native American Art, the visual works crafted by indigenous people of North America, starting after their arrival on the continent thousands of years ago and continuing until the present.

  artists in the Ohio area cut delicate flat forms from sheets of mica in the shape of birds, human figures, and large hands. They also carved quite natural-looking birdsand animals on stone platform pipes. These figures sat on the pipe’s flat base, or platform, and on some pipes they were part of the pipe bowl. Prominent people ofthese cultures were buried with a wealth of ornaments, such as jewelry of shells and copper, and headdresses elaborated with animal forms. The period of Mississippian cu...

• A. SCHOPENHAUER, Le Monde comme volonté et comme représentation, trad. A. Burdeau, Paris, PUF

  douleur n'apportent pas de sensation. Ils sont perçus seulement dans l'optique d'arrêter le souffrance. La sensibiliténe ressent aucun plaisir particulier une fois cette étape effectuée.C'est d'ailleurs pour cela que Schopenhauer développera une théorie négative du désir. Il reprend la comparaison dePlaton : le désir est comme le tonneau percé des Danaïdes. Il ne peut jamais être rempli puisqu'il est percé.Rappelons que l'épisode du tonneau était un châtiment éternel. Les Danaïdes étai...

• Poverty.

  economic and demographic trends, and (7) welfare incentives. A Overpopulation Overpopulation, the situation of having large numbers of people with too few resources and too little space, is closely associated with poverty. It can result from highpopulation density (the ratio of people to land area, usually expressed as numbers of persons per square kilometer or square mile) or from low amounts of resources, or from both. Excessively high population densities put stress on available resources....

• Nietzsche, Le Gai Savoir,§ 41, trad. P. Wotling, GF-Flammarion.

  86 Le temps de vivre vivre naïve et native, l'affirmation pure de ce qui est, sans arrière-pensée, qui semble se disqualifier. Et avec elle ce qui fait vouloir vraiment, ce qui donne aux choix le poids de l'éternel. Ne faut-il pas vouloir toute chose comme si elle devait advenir pour toujours, et situer ainsi la responsabilité à son niveau le plus radical ? C'est peut-être aussi la seule façon de donner valeur et sens...

• Platon, Gorgias, 523b-523e, trad. M. Canto-Sperber, GF-Flammarion.

• Aristote, Éthique à Nicomaque, V, 14, 1137b, trad. J. Tricot, Vrin

• Platon, Protagoras, 313c-314b, trad. F. Ildefonse, GF-Flammarion.

  158 Les sortilèges des passions sances ne sont pas de simples informations qu'il suffirait de posséder. Apprises plus que comprises, elles deviendraient dans l'âme qui les reçoit passivement de fausses évidences. Elles s'y trouveraient comme des « choses sues » (en grec, mathe­ mata), mais sans distance ni conscience de ce qui les fonde. Ces « connaissances » seraient colportées par les Sophistes et vendues comme de vulgaires mar...

• Locke, Essai philosophique concernant l'entendement humain, trad. P. Coste.

  La tabl,e rase 117 listes les apports successifs constitués par les diverses impres­ sions sensibles : « Nous imaginâmes une statue organisée intérieurement comme nous, et animée d'un esprit privé de toute espèce d'idées. Nous supposâmes encore que l'extérieur tout de marbre ne lui permettait pas l'usage d'aucun de ses sens, et nous réservâmes la liberté de les ouvrir à notre choix, aux différentes impressions dont ils sont su...

• Aristote, De l'âme (427b-428a), Éd. Les belles Lettres, Trad. Barbotin.

  Textes commentés 39 Aristote discute ici les conceptions platoniciennes. Dans le Théétète Platon distingue trois définitions de la science -qui sont aussi bien des caractérisations de degré dans la connaissance : la science est (1) sensation, (2) opinion vraie, (3) opinion vraie exprimée dans un discours. La seconde définition met en jeu un état intermédiaire entre la sensation et la connaissance rationnelle (qui prend forme dans le discours)...

• Denmark's prosperity depends on its trade with the European Union which represents half of its exports.

• Platon, La République, X, 620e-621a, trad. R. Baccou, GF-Flammarion.

  72 Le temps de vivre L'oubli est souvent inconscience, comme lorsqu'il conduit à incriminer le sort ou les dieux pour les conséquences malheu­ reuses de choix dont on est pourtant responsable. Mais sou­ vent il est aussi délivrance. Entre mémoire et oubli, la destinée dessine sa courbe. Chacun porte la nostalgie de la vie sans retour. Pour tous, la naïveté ressourcée redonne sa chance à la faculté de bonheur, en évitant la mo...

• Aristote, Politiques, I, 4, 1253b, trad. R Pellegrin, GF-Flammarion.

• Hegel, Phénoménologie de l'esprit, trad. J. Hyppolite, Aubier, II, p. 261-262.

• Nietzsche, Aurore (1881), Livre III, § 173 et § 206, trad. J. Hervier, Gallimard

  Quel est le sens ou la logique du travail ? Le travail est -il une valeur ? Ou plus exactement quel est le statut et la fonction du travail au sein de la culture ? À quoi sert le travail ? C’est -à -dire quelle est la fin ultime du travail dans notre civilisation ? Nietzsche ne conduit pas malgré le ton sarcastique et ironique une critique de la notion de travail. Il ne nie pas que le travail soit une nécessité sociale. Ce qu’ il remet fondamentalement en cause c’est ce qu’il nomme l...

• Nietzsche, Ainsi parlait Zarathoustra, trad. G. Bianquis modifiée, GF-Flammarion.

• Freud, Le Malaise dans la culture, trad. P. Cotet, R. Lainé et J. Stute-Cadiot, PUF

• Platon, Alcibiade, 132b-133b, trad. C. Marboeuf et J.-F. Pradeau, GF-Flammarion.

• Lucrèce, De la nature, I, vers 62-79, trad. J. Kany-Turpin, GF-Flammarion.

  La victoire d 'Épicure 39 nent. Il surgit, lève la tête, se dresse, et redresse avec lui toute l'humanité. Ses yeux mortels fixent désormais sans faiblir le visage céleste d'une religion écrasante. Prisonnière de son ignorance, l'humanité ne peut que subir son rapport au monde. « Si tous les autres phénomènes que sur terre et dans le ciel voient s'accomplir les mortels, tiennent souvent leurs esprits suspendus dans l'effroi, le...

• Ancien Testament, Livre de Job, 2, trad. É. Dhorme, Gallimard, Bibliothèque de la Pléiade.

  Le tesson de Job 25 plement, des retournements qui enchaînent les peines aux joies. Accepter sans condition. Une sorte de foi essentielle, comme celle dans laquelle Nietzsche voit l'affirmation fervente de la vie, se révèle à jamais, sans calcul ni ressentiment. Dieu, ou la vie même, se montre en son infini jaillissement. Et les blessures prochaines succèdent aux enchantements premiers. Tu as repris ce que tu as donné. Ce...

• Saint Augustin, Confessions, livre XI, XVIII, trad. P. de Labriolles, Les Belles Lettres.

  Les temps de l'aurore 61 L'expérience temporelle atteste un étonnant pouvoir du sujet qui la vit et en fixe le cadre intérieur. L'expérience de la temporalité est d'abord très subjective. L'enfant croit l'année plus longue que l'adulte: il la réfère à sa petite vie, dont elle constitue peut-être la moitié ... Toute durée, même en cette limite inférieure qu'est l'instant, met en jeu le rapport à soi du désir d'être et des é...

• Pan-Africanism.

  (in New York City). These congresses were attended by increasing numbers of representatives from the United States, Europe, Africa, and the Caribbean. Severalimportant factors affected the growing popularity of the congresses. First, many delegates were sponsored by international labor movements, which were growing insize and power in the 1920s. A second factor was the growth of the black nationalist movement of Marcus Garvey. The Garvey movement was important in the UnitedStates as a popular ex...

• Great White Shark - biology.

  The great white shark is a rare species that takes long to reach sexual maturity and that reproduces slowly. Populations cannot easily increase if depleted. The biggestthreat to great whites comes from being unintentionally caught in fishing nets. Some targeted fisheries and sport fishing for great white sharks also occur. Trade ingreat white shark products includes the jaws (which can sell for thousands of dollars as curios), individual teeth, and leather from its skin. Fins from all sharks, in...

• Han Dynasty - history.

  of merit rather than birth. Written examinations were adopted as a means of determining the best qualified people, although use of the examinations in actually makingappointments was limited. A school was established at the capital for training government officials. The administrative bureaucracy was systematized, and a career civilservice was created and extended through much of the empire. Although personally interested in the magical side of Daoism, Wudi made a descendent of Confucius the sup...

• Han Dynasty - history.

  of merit rather than birth. Written examinations were adopted as a means of determining the best qualified people, although use of the examinations in actually makingappointments was limited. A school was established at the capital for training government officials. The administrative bureaucracy was systematized, and a career civilservice was created and extended through much of the empire. Although personally interested in the magical side of Daoism, Wudi made a descendent of Confucius the sup...