1984 résultats pour "modern"

• African Theater I INTRODUCTION African Theater, traditional, historical, and contemporary dramatic forms in Africa south of the Sahara.

  The period after World War II ended in 1945 led to the struggle for and achievement of independence in many African countries. The new nation-states were oftenestablished along colonial boundaries and power was handed over to a bourgeois class who had been educated in Europe. The epoch-making era of nationalismproduced a number of African playwrights who merged African theatrical traditions with European forms. These plays are still widely performed and read in many partsof the continent. Nigeri...

• mathématiques - mathématiques.

  autres problèmes mathématiques célèbres apparaissent au cours de ce siècle : diviser un angle en trois angles égaux et construire un cube dont le volume est le double d’un cube donné. Ces trois problèmes seront résolus à l’aide d’instruments beaucoup plus complexes qu’une règle et un compas. Ce n’est qu’au XIX e siècle que l’on démontrera qu’il est impossible de les résoudre au moyen de ces deux instruments. Dans la seconde moitié du Ve siècle av. J.-C., une découverte dérangeante est faite :...

• PREMIER ROMANTISME, CONSCIENCE MODERNE ET SOCIETE MARCHANDE

  comme fixé la figure du marchand, figure de proue d'un monde désormais libéré, aussi bien des parti­ cularismes que des saccageurs de province et autres héros. Alors que les courtisans savent à quelle heure le roi se lève, le marchand travaille au bonheur et à l'unification du genre humain. Plus tard, Beau­ marchais (Les Deux Amis), Sedaine (Le Philosophe sans le savoir), avaient, à leur tour, exalté le cheva­ lier des temps...

• Österreichische Literatur (Sprache & Litteratur).

  Hugo von Hofmannsthal: Ein BriefHugo von Hofmannsthals so genannter Chandos-Brief über die Unmöglichkeit, mit Worten das Wesentliche der Dingwelt zu erfassen,steht am Anfang einer spezifisch österreichischen Sprachskepsistradition, die bis zur Gegenwartsliteratur, namentlich bis zu PeterHandke, weiterreicht. Am Ende des Briefs steht der Wunsch nach einer unmittelbaren „Sprache des Herzens”, die keiner vomIndividuellen abstrahierenden Worte oder starren Begrifflichkeiten mehr bedarf. Parallel zu...

• Jane Austen I INTRODUCTION Jane Austen English author Jane Austen crafted satirical romances set within the confines of upper-middle-class English society.

  up their personal pride and prejudices before they can enter into a happy relationship together. As do Austen’s earlier writings, Pride and Prejudice displays the themes of appearance versus reality, and impulse versus deliberation. Elizabeth, trusting her own impulses, makes a mistake about Darcy and his apparent arrogance that deliberation and further experience eventually cause her to correct. Of Elizabeth, Austenwrote: “I must confess that I think her as delightful a creature as ever appea...

• Electric Motors and Generators.

  the armature. It is often desirable to generate as high a voltage as possible, and rotating armatures are not practical in such applications because of the possibility of sparkingbetween brushes and slip rings and the danger of mechanical failures that might cause short circuits. Alternators are therefore constructed with a stationary armaturewithin which revolves a rotor composed of a number of field magnets. The principle of operation is exactly the same as that of the AC generator described,...

• Liberté d'opinion et d'expression la définition et l'emploie moderne

  La liberté d’opinion est un principe qui fait partie des libertés fondamentales permettant la communication d'opinions personnelles sans entrave de l’Etat. Cette liberté d’opinion fait d’ailleurs l’objet de 2 articles de la Déclaration universelle des droits de l’homme.  La liberté d’opinion assure à toute personne la liberté de penser comme elle l’entend, qui d’ailleurs s’étend à la liberté religieuse, chacun étant libre d’adopter la religion ou pas. Elle doit se concilier avec d’autr...

• Petit essai d'historiographie : Race et Histoire, Claude LEVI-STRAUSS

  George Duthuit Peggy Guggenheim., ou encore trois grands de l'ethnologie américaine, Robert Lowie A.L.Kroeber etle retraité Boas ; mais la rencontre décisive du linguiste Jakobson lui fait prendre conscience du potentiel de laméthode structurale. Il enseigne alors au Etats-Unis avant de rentrer en France en 1947, via Londres. L'annéesuivante, il est nommé chercheur au CNRS et soutien sa thèse sur Les structures élémentaires de la parenté (1949) devant le doyen de la Sorbonne, Davy, président du...

• Hardware (computer).

  Magnetic tape drives use magnetic tape similar to the tape used in VCR cassettes. Tape drives have a very slow read/write time, but have a very high capacity; in fact,their capacity is second only to hard disk drives. Tape drives are mainly used to back up data. Compact disc drives store information on pits burned into the surface of a disc of reflective material ( see CD-ROM). CD-ROMs can store up to 737 megabytes (MB) of data. A Compact Disc-Recordable (CD-R) or Compact Disc-ReWritable (CD-RW)...

• Courts in the United States.

  The term circuit derives from the original structure of these courts. Under the Judiciary Act of 1789, trials of certain cases were required to be held before three-judge circuit courts consisting of two Supreme Court justices and the federal trial judge in the district court. In addition to their regular duties, Supreme Court justices were required to ride circuit, traveling from district to district within their assigned circuit, often covering great distances. In 1891 Congress establishe...

• Kuwait (country) - country.

  Oil revenues have allowed Kuwait to build an extensive educational system, yielding a literacy rate of 84 percent. Public school is free and compulsory from the age of 6to 13, and several private schools also teach this age group. Kuwait University (founded in 1966) is also free and offers programs in a wide range of professional andscientific fields at several campuses. Both the extensive library system at Kuwait University and the collection at Kuwait National Museum (1957) were heavily damage...

• Honey Bee - biology.

  B Reproduction and Development The queen controls the sex of her offspring. When an egg passes from her ovary to her oviduct, the queen determines whether the egg is fertilized with sperm from thespermatheca. A fertilized egg develops into a female honey bee, either worker or queen, and an unfertilized egg becomes a male honey bee, or drone. The queen lays the eggs that will develop into more queens in specially constructed downward-pointing, peanut-shaped cells, in which the egg adheres to the...

• Excerpt from Martin Chuzzlewit - anthology.

  But there is one other piece of evidence, bearing immediate reference to their close connextion with this memorable event in English History, which must carryconviction, even to a mind (if such a mind there be) remaining unconvinced by these presumptive proofs. There was, within a few years, in the possession of a highly respectable and in every way credible and unimpeachable member of the Chuzzlewit Family (for hisbitterest enemy never dared to hint at his being otherwise than a wealthy man...

• Extinction (biology) - biology.

  III ROLE OF MASS EXTINCTION IN EVOLUTION Historically biologists—most famous among them British naturalist Charles Darwin—assumed that extinction is the natural outcome of competition between newlyevolved, adaptively superior species and their older, more primitive ancestors. These scientists believed that newer, more highly evolved species simply drove less well-adapted species to extinction. That is, historically, extinction was thought to result from evolution. It was also thought that this...

• Babylonia - USA History.

  Pharmacology, too, doubtless had made considerable progress, although the only major direct evidence of this comes from a Sumerian tablet written several centuriesbefore Hammurabi. C Legal System and Writing Law and justice were key concepts in the Babylonian way of life. Justice was administered by the courts, each of which consisted of from one to four judges. Often theelders of a town constituted a tribunal. The judges could not reverse their decisions for any reason, but appeals from their...

• Italienischer Film.

  Democrazia Cristiana bei den ersten demokratischen Wahlen 1948 zum Auseinanderbrechen der antifaschistischen Einheitsfront, die den gemeinsamen ideologischenNenner auch für den Neorealismus gebildet hatte. In den beginnenden fünfziger Jahren reklamierte die Linke das neorealistische Kino für sich und warf Roberto Rossellininach der Entstehung von Stromboli, terra di dio (1949/50; Stromboli ), Francesco, giullare di dio (1950; Franziskus, der Gaukler Gottes ) und Viaggio in Italia (1953;...

• London - geographie.

  Westminster sowie die Margaretenkirche sind seit 1987 Weltkulturerbestätten der UNESCO. Im Westen liegt auch der Hyde Park, die größte Parkanlage Londons, der inwestlicher Richtung bis in die Stadtbezirke Knightsbridge und Kensington reicht, beides äußerst elegante Wohnviertel mit vielen Sehenswürdigkeiten, darunter dasWarenhaus von Harrods, die Royal Albert Hall und die South-Kensington-Museen. Direkt im Süden von West End, am anderen Flussufer, befindet sich der Lambeth-Palast des Erzbischofs...

• From Moby Dick - anthology.

  'My song for ever shall recordThat terrible, that joyful hour;I give the glory to my God,His all the mercy and the power.' Nearly all joined in singing this hymn, which swelled high above the howling of the storm. A brief pause ensued; the preacher slowly turned over the leaves of theBible, and at last, folding his hand down upon the proper page, said: 'Beloved shipmates, clinch the last verse of the first chapter of Jonah—'And God had prepared agreat fish to swallow up Jonah.' 'Shipmate...

• Roman Mythology.

  Her temple on the Aventine Hill in Rome was a center for organizations of skilled craftspeople. According to tradition, in 509 BC the dynasty of Etruscan kings ended and the Roman Republic was founded. The republic was ruled by two chief magistrates, called consuls, who were elected by the people to one-year terms. During the time of the republic, the Capitoline temple became the most important public shrine of theRoman people and the focus of public worship. Each January, the new consuls offer...

• 1750 - 1899 : CHRONOLOGIE ARTISTIQUE

  l'Académie San-Fernando (succès en 1766). Traditionnel voyage en Italie ensuite et participation en 1771 auconcours organisé par l'Académie de Parme avec Annibal passant les Alpes. Lichtenberg fait ses études à Göttingen,et se lie d'amitié avec ses maîtres Meister et Kästner. Mort de Pierre Carlet de Chamblain de Marivaux le 12 février,à Paris. Voltaire publie son Traité sur la tolérance.1764Ann Radcliffe naît le 9 juillet, à Londres. Départ pour Londres de Johann Heinrich Füssli et début...

• Chess.

  There are two standard methods of recording chess moves: the algebraic system and the descriptive system. In both systems, the pieces are designated by capitalinitials: K for king, Q for queen, R for rook, B for bishop, and N for knight. The initial P for pawn is used in the descriptive system only. Castling is noted as either 0-0(“short” castling on the king’s side) or 0-0-0 (“long” castling on the queen’s side). Each square is part of both a file and a rank, and in the algebraic system, that u...

• L'épicurisme aujourd'hui ? Épicure est-il moderne et actuel ?

  LES DOSSIERS PHILO car, pour lui,« le plaisir est le commencement et la fin de la vie heureuse» (Lettre à Ménécée). Sa pensée naît dans un contexte politique trou­ blé, de perte de puissance d'Athènes. Parce que l'homme, décidément, ne maîtrise pas plus son destin individuel que son destin collec­ tif, la réponse à la décadence passe par une construction de soi. Épicure opère un recen­ trage déterminant sur l'individu : ce dernier...

• Toys. I INTRODUCTION Toys, objects that serve as playthings for children. Although the

  clay. These readily available elements were also used to make more elaborate toys as human society advanced. Archaeologists have found primitive, handmade toys such as wooden or cloth dolls, clay marbles, and terracotta figures that date back thousands of years. In ancientEgypt, Greece, and Rome, people placed dolls or clay figures in the graves or tombs of children for them to play with in the afterlife. The yo-yo may seem like a 20th-century fad, but it actually dates back at least 2,500 years...

• Welfare.

  industrializing societies. Governments typically financed social insurance programs with tax funds and direct levies on the wages of potential recipients. Social insurancereplaced part of incomes lost when workers became disabled, were laid off, or had reached an age that forced them out of the labor market. Later, governments of Germany, France, Belgium, Sweden, and other countries developed forms of social insurance that provided population-wide, or universal,coverage. Such forms included chil...

• Laos - country.

  by the year 2025. About one-quarter of Laos’s people live in mountainous regions. The rest live in upland valleys or on the flood plains of the Mekong and its tributaries.Just over three-quarters of the population live in rural areas, although the proportion of people living in urban areas is steadily increasing. Vientiane is the capital and largest city of Laos. Louangphrabang, the former royal capital, is an increasingly popular tourist destination. Other major cities are theregional capitals...

• Maya Civilization.

  destruction was directed mostly at temples in the ceremonial precincts; it had little or no impact on the economy or population of a city as a whole. Some city-states didoccasionally conquer others, but this was not a common occurrence until very late in the Classic period when lowland civilization had begun to disintegrate. Until thattime, the most common pattern of Maya warfare seems to have consisted of raids employing rapid attacks and retreats by relatively small numbers of warriors, most o...

• Maya Civilization - History.

  destruction was directed mostly at temples in the ceremonial precincts; it had little or no impact on the economy or population of a city as a whole. Some city-states didoccasionally conquer others, but this was not a common occurrence until very late in the Classic period when lowland civilization had begun to disintegrate. Until thattime, the most common pattern of Maya warfare seems to have consisted of raids employing rapid attacks and retreats by relatively small numbers of warriors, most o...

• Woodrow Wilson.

  daughters. In 1885 Wilson also accepted a position with the newly opened Bryn Mawr College, a school for women near Philadelphia. Wilson was not particularly patient with womenas intellectual associates and did not enjoy his teaching duties. He was, however, able to pursue his writing. A University Professor In 1888 Wilson left Bryn Mawr for a professorship in history and political economy at Wesleyan University in Connecticut. There, in 1889, he published The State, a lengthy textbook analyz...

• Woodrow Wilson

  daughters. In 1885 Wilson also accepted a position with the newly opened Bryn Mawr College, a school for women near Philadelphia. Wilson was not particularly patient with womenas intellectual associates and did not enjoy his teaching duties. He was, however, able to pursue his writing. A University Professor In 1888 Wilson left Bryn Mawr for a professorship in history and political economy at Wesleyan University in Connecticut. There, in 1889, he published The State, a lengthy textbook analyz...

• Mythology.

  Across cultures, mythologies tend to describe similar characters. A common character is the trickster. The trickster is recklessly bold and even immoral, but through hisinventiveness he often helps human beings. In Greek mythology, Hermes (best known as the messenger of the gods) was a famous trickster. In one version of acharacteristic tale, Hermes, while still an infant, stole the cattle of his half-brother Apollo. To avoid leaving a trail that could be followed, Hermes made shoes from thebark...

• Ethiopia - country.

  constitute about 6 percent of the population. The Somali, who live in the east and southeast, notably in the Ogadēn region, are about equal in number to the Shangalla.The Denakil inhabit the semidesert plains east of the highlands. The nonindigenous population includes Yemenis, Indians, Armenians, and Greeks. B Political Divisions Ethiopia is divided into nine regions composed of specific ethnic groups. The regions, which have a significant degree of autonomy, are Tigray; Afar; Amhara; Oromia;S...

• Dominican Republic - country.

  Manatees and sea turtles also live in Dominican waters. Common birds include blue herons, glossy ibis, flamingos, and brown pelicans. E Environmental Issues Urban dwellers of the Dominican Republic enjoy good access to safe water, but rural communities do not. While current water use is low relative to available resources,water shortages do occur. Although deforestation was once a serious problem in the Dominican Republic, by the beginning of the 21st century, the annual rate of deforestation h...

• Chile - geographie.

  bekannteren einheimischen Säugetieren zählen Lamas, Alpakas, Vikunjas, Pumas, Andenschakale, Magellanfüchse, Pudus, Chinchillas sowie der sehr seltene, in großerHöhe lebende Huemul oder Andenhirsch (das Wappentier Chiles). Das Vogelleben ist recht vielfältig, die meisten größeren südamerikanischen Formen sind jedoch nichtanzutreffen; zur Avifauna gehören u. a. Chilenische Flamingos, Guanokormorane, Spottdrosseln und Chile-Pfeifenten. Neben der Forelle, die aus Nordamerika eingeführtwurde, bevölk...

• Haiti - country.

  Haitian Creole and French are the official languages of Haiti. Haitian Creole, a French-based Creole with influences from West African languages, was made an officiallanguage under the 1987 constitution. It is the mother tongue for nearly the entire population of Haiti and the language of instruction in schools. French is spokenmainly as a second language by a small section of the population. B Religion About 80 percent of Haiti’s people are nominal Roman Catholics, many of them combining an Af...

• Berlin - geography.

  boroughs of Wedding and Tiergarten. Other important central areas include Kreuzberg and Friedrichshain, now united as the Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg borough, andPrenzlauer Berg, now incorporated as a part of the Pankow borough. Tiergarten contains a large wooded park, a zoo, and a variety of public monuments as well as the large, modern Congress Hall and the Reichstag building, which wasbuilt from 1884 to 1894. The Reichstag and the surrounding area have undergone renovation to accommodate the Bun...

• Geology.

  terminology. Today the geologic time scale is generally agreed upon and used by scientists around the world, dividing time into eons, eras, periods, and epochs. Everyfew years, the numerical time scale is refined based on new evidence, and geologists publish an update. Geologists use several methods to determine geologic time. These methods include physical stratigraphy, or the placement of events in the order of their occurrence,and biostratigraphy, which uses fossils to determine geologic time...

• Uzbekistan - country.

  E Environmental Issues The evaporation of the Aral Sea is one of the worst ecological disasters in the world. The Aral has shrunk so much that it now holds only about one-fifth the volume ofwater it held in 1960. The shrinkage is due to irrigation withdrawals from the Amu Darya and Syr Darya, a practice that began on a massive scale in the early 1960s aspart of the Soviet Union’s ill-conceived drive to increase cotton yields in Central Asia. Growing cotton in the naturally arid and saline soil...

• Le trompettiste Louis Armstrong, père du jazz moderne

  Louis Armstrong à la trompette. Les critiques, à l'unisson, chantent ses louanges. Le trompettiste Louis Armstrong, père du jazz moderne Avec Louis Armstrong, un nouveau type de musique investit la scène de Chicago dans les années 20. En 1925, il fonde son premier quintette, le Hot Five, et libère le jazz de ses racines folkloriques. Armstrong deviendra l'un des pères du jazz. L ' âme, le berceau du jazz se situe à La Nouvelle­ Or...

• New Jersey - geography.

  C Soils Broadly defined, all of New Jersey’s soils are podzolic soils; that is, they are acidic and contain fairly high amounts of iron oxides. The soils in northern New Jersey areirregular in quality and contain rock fragments and small stones deposited by the continental glaciers of the last Ice Age. The soils of the inner coastal plain, unaffectedby glaciation, are the richest in the state, while those of the outer coastal plain are generally infertile. The newer soil classification system d...

• New Jersey - USA History.

  C Soils Broadly defined, all of New Jersey’s soils are podzolic soils; that is, they are acidic and contain fairly high amounts of iron oxides. The soils in northern New Jersey areirregular in quality and contain rock fragments and small stones deposited by the continental glaciers of the last Ice Age. The soils of the inner coastal plain, unaffectedby glaciation, are the richest in the state, while those of the outer coastal plain are generally infertile. The newer soil classification system d...

• Florida - USA History.

  accidentally introduced into the region in the 1880s, and it spread with alarming rapidity throughout the upper reaches of the river. The plant is very difficult toeradicate, and it has also clogged the channels of other Florida rivers. To increase drainage of the Everglades, which drain naturally to Florida Bay and the Gulf ofMexico, a number of drainage channels and canals have been built across southern Florida. Among the rivers flowing from the peninsula to the Gulf of Mexico are the Suwanne...

• Les valeurs humanistes restent-elles à l'honneur dans le sport moderne ?

  mentale, nécessaires au bien-être et à l'épanouissement personnel de l'homme.Le sport permet à ce dernier d'apprendre à se connaître, de percevoir ses forces et ses faiblesses. La fixation d'objectifs et le dépassement de soi demandent à l'hommede gérer le succès comme l'échec, c'est par cet apprentissage qu'il va gagner en confiance en soi et en estime de soi.En outre, la pratique d'une activité sportive revêt les notions de bien-être, d'évasion et d'expression de soi par le corps. 3. Sports &...

• Le design moderne

  À partir de 1923, le Hongrois László Moholy-Nagy apporte au Bauhaus l’esthétique du constructivisme russe. Le style typique du Bauhaus est représenté par les architectes Marcel Breuer et Ludwig Mies van der Rohe avec leurs conceptions fonctionnelles. Leur émigration aux États-Unis permit au style Bauhaus de devenir célèbre dans le monde entier. 2

• Modern Technologies

• Les temps modernes

  L’arrivée à l’usine : Sur une musique cadencée, on voit un troupeau de moutons. Au centre, il y a un mouton noir qui symbolise Charlot, celui qui ne suivra pas les autres moutons. Puis, Chaplin utilise un fondu enchaîné sur une masse d’hommes sortant d’une bouche de métro qui se dirigent vers l’usine. A l’intérieur, même empressement : plan sur les machines. Chaplin utilise le fondu enchaîné afin de comparer les ouvriers à des moutons. Les deux plans sont liés par...

• Poesie moderne

  pardonnerai jamais à cette chose tout ce qu'elle a détruit ... après ces qq instants de plaisirs qu'elle a pu t'offrir... non je ne lui pardonnerai jamais... et je ne te pardonnerai jamais d'y avoir approché... je ne te pardonnerai jamais d'avoir sombré... je ne te pardonnerai jamais d'avoir accepter ce sort qui n'était pas le tien... comment pouvons nous tomber si bas quand on vient de si haut... Mon ange... Je t'aime tant et tu me manque... je t'aime tant et j'aimerai revenir à ce qu'on était....

• Candide Moderne

• La modernité des Confessions

  Mais Rousseau renonce ensuite à cet aspect et choisit de cen­ trer l'œuvre sur sa personnalité plutôt que sur sa connaissance du monde. Il se peindra comme un être ordinaire, qui travaille pour gagner son pain. Ce projet risquait fort de déplaire au public de son temps, et Rousseau le savait : « Il y a bien des lecteurs que cette seule idée empêchera de poursuivre. Ils ne concevront pas qu'un homme qui a besoin de pain soit d...

• SYNDICATS MODERNES

• L'impérialisme moderne

   
  
  
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